Objective To investigate the relationship between point mutation of nt3394 T→C of mitochondrial DNA ND1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) in the elderly. Methods Two hundred and eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 180 subjects with normal glucose tolerance without DM family history were included. The mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR RFLP). Results The point mutation of nt3394 T→C of mitochondrial DNA ND1 was found in 9 of 208 elderly patients with type 2 DM(4 3%), and 1 of 180 controls (0 6%). The incidence of this mutation was significantly different between the two groups ( P

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which results in a high risk of mortality. Thus, the cardiovascular safety of new anti-diabetic agents has become an important prob?lem with wide concern. There are two classes of incretine-based medications: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (DPP-4I). It has been demonstrated that GLP-1RA and DPP-4I possesse beneficial actions in both animal models of cardiovascular dysfunction and patients with ischemic heart diseases. However, their effects on the cardiovascular system in diabetic patients with heart diseases are still uncertain. Here, we sys?tematically reviewed the effects of GLP-1RA and DPP-4I on cardiovascular system to provide more evidence of incretin-based therapy application for diabetes and complications.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in the early onset diabetics in Tianjin for exploring the relationship between mtDNA mutation and diabetes. Methods 348 kinship-free diabetics whose ages at onset were less than 45y were randomly recruited, with 207 control subjects. The PCR-RFLP and cloning techniques were applied to screen the A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mtDNA tRNALEU（UUR）. Meanwhile, the clinical and genetic analysis was done from one pedigree. Results We detected two diabetics harboring the well-known a3243g mutation with the mutation frequency of 0.6%. While the mutation frequency in diabetics with （positive） family history was 1.2%, and zero in the control subject. The proband showed a typical （picture） of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus, while the other family members harboring the same （mutation） had heterogeneous presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of mtDNA A3243G mutation in early onset diabetes of Tianjin is low, but relatively higher in diabetes complicated with other （symptoms） of mitochondrial disease. Furthermore, its heterogeneity would decrease with aging in （mitotic） tissue

Objective To explore the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and ~diabetic cardiovascular disease. Methods The MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms were detectd by PCR-RFLP to compare MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C genotype distribution and allele frequencies among three groups. Enrolled were 84 healthy individuals (NC) and 158 T2DM subjects who were classified into two groups, i.e. non-diabetes complications (NDC) and ~diabetic cardiovascular disease (DC). Results Patients with diabetic cardiovascular disease had higher frequencies of MTHFR C677T mutation genotype and T allele than control and non-diabetes complications subjects, and had lower folate levels (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in MTHFR A1298C genotype distribution and allele frequencies among three groups (P>0.05). A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that MTHFR C677T and age were the independent predictors of DC. Conclution There is a strong correlation between the polymorphism of MTHFR C677T and diabetic cardiovascular disease.

Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases

Objective To investigate clinical traits of 2 families members habouring mtDNA 12026A→G mutation based on our previous studies.Methods 25 members in 2 families with probands with mtDNA 12026 mutation were examined.All their clinical and biochemical data were collected.Total genome was extracted conventionally from peripheral leucocytes of all participants,and PCR-RFLP techniques were applied to screen A to G substitution at nucleotide 12026 of mtDNA in ND4 region.Results We found 13 individuals habouring the 12026 A→G mutation in 2 pedigrees,all without deafness.Among them,5 with diabetes were found.Interestingly,we found 3 individuals with hyperthyroidism in one family(one also combined with diabetes).Conclusions Our findings suggest that diabetic families with mtDNA 12026 A→G mutation in ND4 region can have different clinical pictures,and may involve in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of C-peptide on apoptosis induced by high glucose and analyze the relationship between the apoptosis and expression of eNOS in HUVEC. Methods We determined the HUVEC apoptosis by Annexin-V, the expression of eNOS mRNA of HUVEC by RT-PCR, the apoptotic quantity of HUVEC by DNA fragment ELISA. Results High level of glucose could increase HUVEC apoptosis (P<0.01) and reduce the expression of eNOS. After adding physiological or high concentration of C-peptide, the apoptosis decreased and the expressions of eNOS increased markedly, with the relationship coefficient of -0.854 (P<0.01). Conclusion High glucose may induce apoptosis. Physiological or high concentration of C-peptide may reduce the apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia, the relationship between apoptosis and eNOS is negative.

The study on aldose reductase gene intron 8 A95 C polymorphismin 209 type 2 dia-betic patients and 84 healthy controls showed that the frequency of genotype AAis 7 %in DN,higherthan that in non-nephropathy (1 %) and control (1 %) ,suggsting that intron 8 genotype AA may be arisk factor for diabetic nephropathy .

Objective To investigate the relation of peripheral leukocyte total and its differential counts with urinary albumin(UAlb)in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods The 564 subjects with type 2 diabetes were stratified according to UAER levels.The total and differential leukocyte counts of peripheral blood were measured.Demographic and potential metabolic confounding factors were analyzed with multiple correlation and logistic regressions to evaluate the effects of leukocyte counts on UAER.Results With the increase of UAER,the peripheral total leukocyte,neutrophil,monocyte,eosinophil and basophil counts increased.In contrast,the lymphocyte count decreased.The differences persisted even after adjusting the influence of age,sex,duration of diabetes and other known risk factors.Conclusions Our study shows that peripheral leukocyte counts,even within the normal range,are related with UAlb in subjects with type 2 diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To compare the levels of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsC-RP) among subjects with normal fasting glucose plus normal glucose tolerance(NFG/NGT),IFG,IGT and IFG plus IGT,and to analyze the related risk factors. Methods 443 nondiabetic subjects aged 39-65 years were seperated into four groups:NFG plus NGT,IFG,IGT and IFG plus IGT.The serum hsC-RP levels and related factors were analyzed. Results Compared with IFG subjects,IGT subjects had higher hsC-RP levels.No differences in hsC-RP levels were found between NFG plus NGT group and IFG group, as well as between IGT group and IFG plus IGT group.Stepwise multiple regression showed that BMI and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of hsC-RP. Conclusions IGT subjects have significantly higher serum hsC-RP level than IFG subjetcts. The serum level of hsC-RP is associated with insulin resistance and the components numbers of metabolic syndrome.