No abstract available.
Cilia* ; Demecolcine* ; Lung* ; Salamandridae*

No abstract available.
Demecolcine* ; Lung* ; Salamandridae*

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

BACKGROUND: The KCl hypotonic treatment is important for swelling the cells and adequate spreading of chromosomes on the slide. Cytogenetic laboratory usually use 0.075M KCl solution. Sometimes, it is difficult to obtain enough and good quality of metaphase cells, because of inadequate hypotonic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mitotic index and band resolution according to the different KCl concentration. METHODS: The group I included blood specimens obtained from 14 newborns (median age 1 day, range 1-8 days) and 4 cord blood. The group II included 16 persons whose median age was 28 years (1-37 years). The blood was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin for 72 hours. Mitosis was arrested by adding colcemid (100 ng/mL). The hypotonic treatment was done by adding different KCl concentration such as 0.075M, 0.068M and 0.057M for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of metaphase cells per total 1,000 cells. The band resolution was evaluated by 2 persons independently. RESULTS: For group I, the mitotic index was not different according to the KCl concentration; 0.075M, 18.8 (5.5~31.5); 0.068M, 22.3 (11~32.5); 0.057M, 20.5 (2.5~29), (P=0.137). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was significantly higher in specimens treated with 0.068M KCl than those treated with 0.075M KCl; 0.075M, 67.8% (56~92.5); 0.068M, 73.6% (46.1~84.6); 0.057M, 71.6% (63~89.2), (P=0.027). For group II, the results were similar to those of group I. The mitotic index was as follows; 0.075M, 22.3 (5~28); 0.068M, 26 (4~34.5); 0.057M, 21.5 (2.5~36.5), (P=0.568). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was as follows; 0.075M, 66.6% (42.8~83.3); 0.068M, 69.7% (54.3~87.5); 0.057M, 68.2% (50~78.6) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: For 0.068M or 0.057M KCl treatment, band resolution was improved, while the mitotic index was similar to that of 0.075M KCl. We suggest use of 0.068M or 0.057M KCl hypotonic treatment in addition to 0.075M KCl for chromosome preparation of peripheral blood.
Cytogenetics ; Demecolcine ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Mitotic Index*

Mammalian somatic cloning has got great progress during past few years,however,the efficiency of nuclear trasfer remains low. In order to improve this technique, different perspectives of which are studying. Accordingly, the method of oocyte enucleation also becomes a focus. But the physical enucleation is technically demanding, time-consuming, inherently invasive and clearly damaging to cytoplast spatial organization. As a alternative strategy to traditional method, Demecolcine-induced enucleation(IE) attracted the scientist's eyes. Nuclear transfer procedure assited with IE, factors releated with success rate of IE and effects of IE on the oocytes and cloned embryos are mainly discussed in this review. At the same time, combining with author's research, the existing problems of IE and potential improved measures of some key steps in IE procedure are also elucidated. However, the utility of the demecolcine-induced enucleation protocol will require further deep investigation.
Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; Demecolcine ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVES: The development of an useful method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes from a biopsied blastomere would allow differentiation between embryos with balanced and normal chromosome complements in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis for chromosomal translocations. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of microtubule depolymerizing agents (MTDAs) on the blastomeres of mouse and human preimplantation embryos, and to establish an effective method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes of biopsied blastomeres in human early embryos. MATERIALS AND MEHTODS: Early embryos (2-4 cell stage) from superovulated mice (ICR strain) were collected and treated with single or mixture MTDAs, such as vinblastine, nocodazole and colcemid. After the treatment of MTDAs for 16 hours, the metaphase aquisition (MA) rates were evaluated by the observation of chromosome status with bis-benzimide or DAPI staining. The optimal condition from the above experiment was applied to human embryos, which were developed from abnormal fertilization (3-pronuclei). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome probes was conducted on the human metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs. RESULTS: In mouse embryos, the effective concentrations of each MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes were 1.0 micrometer of vinblastine (20.3%), 5.0 micrometer of nocodazole (28.1%) and 1.0 micrometer colcemid (55.6%), respectively. The highest MA rate (91.2%) in the mouse embryos was obtained by a mixture of vinblastine (1.0 micrometer) and nocodazole (1.0 micrometer). In the human embryos, the metaphase chromosomes of blastomeres were obtained in 44 of 113 blastomeres (38.9%) by treatment of the mixture of vinblastine and nocodazole. FISH signals of the metaphase chromosomes were successfully observed in human individual blastomeres. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of a mixture MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes was an efficient method, and the MA rate was above 90% in the mouse embryos. However, only a relatively small proportions of the blastomeres yielded metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs in the human embryos. The inconsistent effects of MTDAs may be related to the variation of different species and the poor developmental potency of abnormally fertilized human embryos. We should develop more reliable and efficient methods for obtaining the metaphase chromosomes in the biopsied blastomeres of human preimplantation embryos.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Blastomeres* ; Complement System Proteins ; Demecolcine ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization ; Fluorescence ; Humans* ; Metaphase* ; Mice* ; Microtubules* ; Nocodazole ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Translocation, Genetic ; Vinblastine

OBJECTIVES: The development of an useful method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes from a biopsied blastomere would allow differentiation between embryos with balanced and normal chromosome complements in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis for chromosomal translocations. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of microtubule depolymerizing agents (MTDAs) on the blastomeres of mouse and human preimplantation embryos, and to establish an effective method for obtaining metaphase chromosomes of biopsied blastomeres in human early embryos. MATERIALS AND MEHTODS: Early embryos (2-4 cell stage) from superovulated mice (ICR strain) were collected and treated with single or mixture MTDAs, such as vinblastine, nocodazole and colcemid. After the treatment of MTDAs for 16 hours, the metaphase aquisition (MA) rates were evaluated by the observation of chromosome status with bis-benzimide or DAPI staining. The optimal condition from the above experiment was applied to human embryos, which were developed from abnormal fertilization (3-pronuclei). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome probes was conducted on the human metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs. RESULTS: In mouse embryos, the effective concentrations of each MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes were 1.0 micrometer of vinblastine (20.3%), 5.0 micrometer of nocodazole (28.1%) and 1.0 micrometer colcemid (55.6%), respectively. The highest MA rate (91.2%) in the mouse embryos was obtained by a mixture of vinblastine (1.0 micrometer) and nocodazole (1.0 micrometer). In the human embryos, the metaphase chromosomes of blastomeres were obtained in 44 of 113 blastomeres (38.9%) by treatment of the mixture of vinblastine and nocodazole. FISH signals of the metaphase chromosomes were successfully observed in human individual blastomeres. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of a mixture MTDAs for obtaining metaphase chromosomes was an efficient method, and the MA rate was above 90% in the mouse embryos. However, only a relatively small proportions of the blastomeres yielded metaphase chromosomes by the MTDAs in the human embryos. The inconsistent effects of MTDAs may be related to the variation of different species and the poor developmental potency of abnormally fertilized human embryos. We should develop more reliable and efficient methods for obtaining the metaphase chromosomes in the biopsied blastomeres of human preimplantation embryos.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Blastomeres* ; Complement System Proteins ; Demecolcine ; Embryonic Structures* ; Fertilization ; Fluorescence ; Humans* ; Metaphase* ; Mice* ; Microtubules* ; Nocodazole ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Translocation, Genetic ; Vinblastine

BACKGROUND: The combination of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and monosomy 7(-7) was rarely observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). With the results from immunophenotyplc and molecular analysis, Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL with monosomy 7[Ph(+)/-7] has been considered that it may be derived from neoplastic transformation at the pluripotent stem cell level. We compared the clini-cal, laboratory, and hematological findings between 5 cases of Ph(+)/-7 and 5 cases of Ph(+) without monosomy 7 [Ph (+) /N7]. METHODS: During the period from January, 1995 to December, 1996, total 72 cases of ALL were confirmed among 259 cases of hematologic malignancy with bone marrow cytogenetic analysis. Among 72 ALL cases, 5 cases of Ph(+)/-7(monosomy 7 or 7q abnormalities) were compared with Ph only or Ph without monosomy 7(ph(+)/N7] on the hematological, immunophenotypic, other laboratory, clinical findings and event ree survival (EFS) The karyotyping of the bone marrow specimens was analysed byshort-term unsynchronized culture methods such as overnight colcemid treatment and 24 hours incubation following ethidium bromide treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of Ph(+)/-7 was 30.6+/-12.8 years, and it was significantly different from that of Ph(+)/N7 (p=0.009), Four cases of Ph(+)/-7 were classified as ALL L2 subtype, and 2 cases revealed CNS involvements. Immunophenotyping was positive in CD10, CDl9, CD2O, CD22 and HLA-DR. But one case revealed e-B-lymphoid lineage with positivity in CD34, CDl3, and CD33. The response to chemotherapy and EFS was very poor in Ph(+)/-7 group, and the mean EFS was 3.2+/-1.9 months(p=0.014). All of cases showed induction on failure in chemotherapy, relapsed with bone marrow, CNS and extramedullary involvements, and expired due to sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Ph(+)/-7 ALL had very Poor clinical course with being resistant to chemotherapy and unfavorable prognosis, revealed L2 subtype by FAB classification, and was slightly older in ages compared with Ph(+)/N7 ALL.
Bone Marrow ; Classification ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Demecolcine ; Drug Therapy ; Ethidium ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunophenotyping ; Karyotyping ; Monosomy* ; Philadelphia Chromosome* ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Sepsis