AIM:To study the effect of Hirudo on level of Endothelin-1(ET-1),kidney structure and function in diabetic nephyropathy(DN) rats. METHODS: STZ-induced DN rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group,Hirudo(17.5 g/kg,8.75 g/kg) treatment group,and captopril group,in addition,normal rats for control group.All rats were given by ig for 6 weeks.Kidney function and kidney index(kidney weight/body weight) were determined,the level of ET-1 was determined by Radioimmunoassay,the expression of ET-1 in the kidney tissue by immunohistochemicai,and kidney tissue was observed by lightmicroscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The level and expression of ET-1,kidney index in DN rats significantly increased.The level and expression of ET-1 markedly decreased in Hirudo treatment group,and kidney pathologic changes of DN rats in Hirudo treatment group were improved. CONCLUSION: Hirudo can ameliorate early kidney hyperdynamic abnormality in DN rats,possess protective effect on kidney of DN rats,whose mechanism may be associated partly with a down-regulation of levels and expression of ET-1.

Objective:To investigate the causes, characteristics and treatment of maxillofacial trauma in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 470 consecutive maxillofacial records of the patients not older than 14 years was conducted. Data regarding age, gender, cause, anatomic site and treatment were reviewed. Results:Most of the patients were mals(335 cases, 71.3% ), with a male and female ratio of approximately 2. 5;1 of the injuries, 28. 5% were due to accidental falls, 17.0% traffic accidents and 10.0% sharp implementt cutting. Injuries of soft tissue often occurred on gingiva, cheek, lip and chin. Mandibuir fratures were the most common (55.1% ) of all bone fractures. Conservative therapy, such as closed reduction surgery, maxillomandibular fixation, was usually performed. Conclusion: ①Boys are more tendent to be victims of maxillofacial trauma than girls. ②Falls are the first cause of child victims. ③Gingiva, chin, lip, check and mandible are the most commonly injuried sites.

Objective To evaluate nasal carriage and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in health care workers (HCWs)in an intensive care unit (ICU),and provide basis for making prevention and control measures of health-care-associated infection(HAI).Methods From April 2014 to March 2015,nasal swabs from HCWs in ICU were collected,carriage and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria were detected.Results A total of 450 nasal swab speci-mens were taken,137 strains were isolated,isolation rate was 30.44%.There were no significant difference in na-sal carriage rates of bacteria in HCWs with different genders,ages,types of work,length of service,and education-al level (P >0.05);nasal carriage rates in HCWs at different seasons were significantly different (P <0.05 ).82 strains (59.85%)were gram-negative bacteria,the major were Klebsiella pneumoniae (21 .16%)and Enterobacter aerogenes (18.98%);55 strains (40.15% )were gram-positive bacteria,the major were Staphylococcus aureus (18.98%)and Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.33%).38 (27.74% )strains were multidrug-resistant strains. 7.69% (2/26)of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant strains,3.45%(1/29)of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3.85%(1/26)of Enterobacter aerogenes were imipenem-resistant strains.Conclusion Nasal carriage rate of bac-teria and detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms in HCWs in ICU is high.

Objective To establish a method of judge the pyrazinamide(PZA) susceptibility for Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) with 24-hole micro-liquid culture silica gel color plate,and evaluate the clinical application value of this method.Methods According to the result of MGIT960,to detect PZA drug susceptibility for 30 MTB clinical isolates of whose PZA susceptibility were known with silica gel color plate.The effects of different pH value,different inoculation concentrations on the results were observed,and the optimum detection conditions were discussed.Finally,the 98 MTB clinical isolated of whose PZA susceptibility were unknown were simultaneously detected by gel color plate and MGIT960,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were judged by PZA drug sensitivity.Results The best pH was 5.8-5.9 and the best concentration was 2.5×10-1 mg/mL in gel color plate.The best results were read after 7-14 d.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 95.50%,96.30%,and 98.21% respectively just at PZA critical concentration was 100 μg/mg.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 90.90%,92.59%,and 91.84% respectively just at PZA critical concentration was 200 μg/mg.Conclusion The PZA susceptibility for MTB with 24-hole micro-liquid culture silica gel color plate is accurate,rapid,low-cost and simple.

Objective:To discuss the effect of pharmacist intervention on the use of antimicrobial agents in the clinical pathway of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) in our hospital to standardize the rational medication and promote the rational use of antimicro-bial agents. Methods:Totally 100 bacterial CAP patients in 2013 ( before the intervention) and 2014 ( after the intervention) in the pneumology department were studied. The antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospi-talization time, therapeutic effects and so on in the two groups were observed during the treatment. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospitaliza-tion time and so on, whereas there was no significant difference in the curative effect. Conclusion:After the pharmacist intervention, the application of antibiotics is more rational, the antibiotics use density and per capita cost are reduced, the hospitalization day is shortened and the value of pharmacists is also improved.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the early diagnostic value of peripheral blood procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (D-D) levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) complicated with bacterial pneumonia. Methods　A total of 102 patients who admitted to Department of Tuberculosis of Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University from Jan 2021 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study and divided into a group (52 cases) with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and a group (50 cases) with PTB patients complicated with bacterial pneumonia. The levels of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D in the peripheral blood were measured, the differences and correlations in all indicators were compared among two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of these indicators in the early diagnosis of PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results　The levels of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D in the peripheral blood from the PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia group were 0.06 (0.04, 0.16) ng/mL, 38.00 (3.88, 96.10) mg/L, 4.51 (3.02, 6.07) g/L, and 0.59 (0.34, 1.88) mg/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding 0.04 (0.03, 0.04) ng/mL, 3.20 (0.84, 7.22) mg/L, 2.96 (2.48, 3.77) g/L, and 0.27 (0.17, 0.36) mg/L in the PTB group (Z=-4.784, -5.233, -3.853, -4.199, all P<0.001). Furthermore, the levels of CRP and FIB in the PTB complicated by bacterial pneumonia group were highly positively correlated (r=0.855, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D for early diagnosis of PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were 0.757, 0.794, 0.747 and 0.764, respectively. In addition, the AUC obtained by simultaneous measurement of PCT, CRP, FIB and D-D was as high as 0.916, and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia were increased to 85.7% and 96.9%, respectively, which were higher than those of individual indicators. Conclusions　Levels of peripheral blood PCT, CRP, FIB, and D-D all show varying degrees of increase in patients with PTB complicated with bacterial pneumonia, and detecting the levels of all four markers, rather than any single marker, can assist in early monitoring whether the tuberculosis patients are complicated with bacterial pneumonia.

Objective To further intensify the reform of public hospitals,promote talents team building and scientific research management innovation,enhancing the overall capacity of care delivery,as well as the development of science and technology in grass-roots hospitals.Methods A series of measures were adopted to arouse the enthusiasm of personnel to conduct research and finally increase the research outcomes.Concrete measures include talent training program and scientific research man-agement innovation,construction funding assurance,whole-process dynamic management,clarification of the quantitative evaluation index,research rewards,research funding management,as well as performance management.Results After implementation of such measures,the academic atmosphere changed a lot,medical technology improved,the quality of scientific research,project application and research outcomes increased dramatically which has statistical significance compare to previous situations.Conclusions The establishment of the incentive system plays a significant role.It helps in talent agglomeration during a relatively short period of time,exploring the potential capabilities of scientific research,enhancing the core competitiveness of hospital scientific research,which provide strong intellectual support and talent guarantee for hospitals development.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the diagnostic value of chest CT scan combined with telomerase activity and p16 gene methylation from exfoliated cells of sputum in 55 cases of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN; ≤30 mm)suspected early peripheral lung cancer.

METHODSThe sputum specimens from 34 cases of cancer nodules and 21 cases of benign lesion were detected for telomerase activity by TRAP-PCR-ELISA and p16 gene methylation by PCR-based methylation analysis.

RESULTSThe qualitative diagnostic accuracy of CT scan was 61.8%(34/55) for SPN provided by pathology. Cytology analysis of sputum was positive in 13 cases (38.2%). Telomerase activity was positive in 29 cases: sensitivity was 79.4%, specificity was 90.5%, accuracy was 83.6%; p16 gene methylation was found in 11 cases: sensitivity was 32.4%, specificity was 100.0%, and accuracy was 58.2%. The sensitivity was increased to 86.1% by combination of telomerase activity and p16 gene methylation. Compared with nodules without malignant CT signs, expression of telomerase activity and p16 methylation of SPN with malignant CT signs (lobulation or spiculate protuberance or spicule sign) had a significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that chest CT scan combined with telomerase activity and p16 gene methylation detection in sputum for patients with peripheral lung cancer may enhance the diagnostic value of radiology and conventional cytology.

Objective To discuss the clinical application value of microplate allochroic silica gel assay for rapidly detecting rifampicin(RIF)-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB).Methods Fifty MTB clinical isolates preserved in the tuberculosis(TB) laboratory of Nantong Municipal Sixth People's Hospital were detected RIF-resistance by using the microplate allochroic silica gel assay and compared with the Bactec MGIT960 method.Then,the RIF susceptibility test in 40 clinical sputum smear-positive specimens were simultaneously detected by using the microplate allochroic silica gel assay and Bactec MGIT960.Finally the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the test results were compared.Results The optimal inoculation volume of MTB was 10-3 mg/mL,the optimal detection time was 7-10 d and the judging critical value of the RIF minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) Was 1.00 μg/mL by microplate allochroic silica gel assay.With the Bactec MGIT960 test as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracies of microplate allochroic silica gel assay for RIF-resistance susceptibility test of smear-positive specimens were 94.12％,100％ and 97.37％ respectively.Conclusion Microplate Allochroic silica gel assay can be used for directly detecting the MTB sensitivity to RIF of in sputum specimens.