Objective To understand the dynamic endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Nanjing City,2015,so as to pro-vide evidences for policy-making of schistosomiasis control. Methods According to The National Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance(2014),the endemic situation of schistosomiasis was monitored in 11 national surveillance sites in Nanjing. Re-sults The positive rates of serological(IHA)and stool examinations were 2.97%(97/3269)and 0 for local residents,and 0.52%(12/2298)and 0 for migrant people,respectively. No schistosome-infected livestock was found. Totally 147.2953 hm2 area with Oncomelania hupensis snails were found,but no schistosome-infected snails were discovered. Conclusions The en-demic situation of schistosomiasis declines greatly in Nanjing City in 2015. However,the control work still should be strength-ened to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Three endemic villages were selected as the national surveillance sites and Schistosoma japonicum infec-tion in residents and livestock was investigated in 2006. The positive rate of serological (IHA) and stool examinations was 10.06%(307/3 053) and 0.13%(4/3 053) for local residents, 10.8%(7/65) and 0(0/7) for moving people respectively. No infected livestock was found.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and psychological problems of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome,and to study the effects of drug therapy and psychological intervention.Methods To analysis clinical characteristics and psychological qustioniare results.Results Fifty-one patients (male twenty-nine,female twenty-two,age range 15～68,average age (33 2?8)were analysed.Clinical symptoms were fever(96 1%),muscle pain and fatige(80 4%),cough 56 9%,chest distress and short breath(25 5%),dizziness and headeache(27 5%),diarrhea(3 9%).Psychological questionare results were depression and anxiety(90 2%),sleepless (51 2%),anorexia (31 7%),despair of disease (34 1%),restlessness (65 9%),fear unjustified attitude of other people after discharge (61 0%).Anti-viral drugs were used in 84.0% of the patients (ribavirin 0 4～1 2gram/day,clinical course 7～15 days).Antibiotics were used in 70 0% of the patients,mainly azithromycin and levofloxacin.Glucocortical steroid was used in 57 0% of the patients,mainly methylprednisolone 40～320 microgram per day with clinical course 3～15 days.Psychological intervention include such therapies as supporting,recognition,drug-assiting, suggestion, telephone talking etc.all of the patients were cured and discharged.Conclusion Comprehensive drug-therapy,especially glucocortical steroid was effective,psychological intervention was an important assisted therapy

BACKGROUND: The minimally invasive axial lumbar interbody approach (AxiaLIF) for L4–S1 fusion has been applied in America and Europe, and has obtained satisfactory curative efficacy. Because of significant anatomical differences between Chinese and Europeans and Americans, whether AxiaLIF is appropriate for Chinese remains unclear. Moreover,there are some problems in the application of AxiaLIF, so how to optimize AxiaLIF is a key to its promotion in China.OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical data for the design of axial screws suitable for Chinese through measuring the mid axial line of the lateral lumbar radiograph and cross sections of L5 and S1 on lumbar CT in normal Chinese population.METHODS: The lateral lumbar radiographs from Chinese healthy population were selected, including 35 males and 30 females, the axial height of S1, the disc distance between L5 and S1, and the axial height of L5 were measured so as to provide anatomical data for designing the length of the axial screw. The transverse and sagittal diameters of L5 and S1 in the lumbar CT of 26 adult healthy males and 24 healthy females were measured to provide anatomical data for designing the diameter of the axial screw.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The axial height of S1 in males and females was (26.76±3.94) mm and (22.91±2.91) mm, respectively (P < 0.05). The disc distance between L5 and S1 was (12.62±1.90) mm for males and (11.92±1.78) mm for females (P > 0.05). The axial height of L5 was (29.12±2.18) mm for males and (26.91±2.47) mm for females (P <0.05). (2) The transverse diameter of S1 was (49.14±4.14) mm for males and (46.11±4.44) mm for females (P < 0.05).The transverse diameter of L5 was (41.34±4.31) mm for males and (43.12±3.71) mm for females (P < 0.05). The sagittal diameter of L5 was (34.48±2.32) mm for males and (33.03±3.48) mm for females, and the sagittal diameter of S1 was (35.65±4.28) mm for males and (33.53±3.26) for females, (both P > 0.05). (3) That is to say, this study provides the anatomical data for designing the axial screws suitable for the lumbar fusion of Chinese by measuring the mid axial line of the lateral lumbar radiographs and the cross sections of L5 and S1 on lumbar CT. The image measurement method can be used to analyze the preoperative images of the patients to predict the feasibility of the surgical approach and pre-select the internal fixation model for personalized screw positioning.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36),Taichong(LR3) and Hegu(LI4) points combined with three-step analgesic ladder for the treatment of gastric cancer pain.Methods Sixty patients with moderate and severe pain induced by gastric cancer were randomly divided into study group and control group,30 cases in each group.The study group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli,Taichong and Hegu points combined with three-step analgesic ladder for gastric cancer pain management,and the control group was treated with three-step analgesic ladder only.After treatment for 7 days,the clinical effectiveness was evaluated with the average pain scores of Numerical Rating Scale(NRS),Quality of Life Scale(QOL-BREF by WHO),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).And the incidence of adverse reaction was also observed.Results (1) After treatment,the markedly-effective analgesic rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) After treatment,QOL scores of both groups were much improved as compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.05),and the improvement of the study group was superior to that of the control group(P ＜0.05).(3) The depression scores of both groups were much improved after treatment (P ＜ 0.05 compared with those before treatment),but the difference between the two groups was insignificant(P ＞ 0.05).(4) The incidence of adverse reaction of the study group was lower than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effect of acupuncture at Zusanli,Taichong and Hegu points combined with three-step analgesic ladder is better than three step analgesic ladder alone for the treatment of gastric cancer pain.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control for schistosomiasis with emphasis on environmental modification in the Bianmin River water system of Nanjing City.so as to provide scientific evidence for making up further control measures in this water system.Methods Schistosome infections of Oncomelania snails in the waterway.sentinel mice in water and neighbouring human were investigated longitudinally from 1998 to 2007,and the changes of huaman infection rates in differentyears,the infection rates of sentinel mice and snails in different settings were analyzed and compared.Results A total of 77 395 snails collected from the Bianmin River water system were dissected from 1998 to 2007,and among them,27 snails were infected with Schistosoma japonicum,with a total snail infection rate of 0.03%.A total of 61 039 snails collected from the neighbouring marshland which connected to the Yangtze River wore dissected,and among them,257 were infected with S.japonicum,with a total snail infection rate of 0.42%,and there was a significant difference compared with that in the water system(χ~2=248.55,P<0.01).After the protection works in the waterway,the infection rates of sentinel mice in the water system decreased from 69.68% in 1998 to 17.50% in 2001.with a reduction rate of 74.89%.Two years afterthe clearance ofmarshlandinthewaterway,no infected sentinel mouse was found.The infection rates of residents from 1998 to 2007 were 1.96%,1.37%,1.34%,1.60%,0.30%, 0.26%,0.16%,0.10%,0.04% and 0,respectively,andthe rates declined year by year afterthecomprehensive control.Conclusions The control measures based on the elimination of snail habitats in the waterway that is connected to the Yangtze River have achieved obvious effect.However,the clearance of the re-emerging snail habitats should be carried out termly to consolidate the control effect.

Objective:To compare the durability of resin-based root-surface coating material and all-in-one self-etching adhesive on root surface in vitro.Methods:Human extracted premolars or molars with intact roots were selected.The cementum was removed using a periodontal scaler to expose root dentin. The root surface was coated with an acid-resistant nail varnish,leaving a window of 3 mm ×3 mm on the exposed dentin.The window was covered with either PRG Barrier Coat (PRG)or Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3).After water aging for 14 d,specimens were immersed in acid buffer at pH 4.5 for 4 d and the demineralization buffer was changed every 24 h.Then the specimen was split longitudinally through the center of the ‘window’and the cross-sectional surface was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM).After fixed and dehydrated,the prepared samples were coated with platinum.The coating mate-rial,root dentin and the interface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).The thickness of the coating material was measured on the SEMimages.Regarding toothbrush wear test,coronal dentin-disks were prepared and covered with PRG and CS3,respectively.After storage in water for 24 h,the specimen was subjected to the toothbrush wear tester for 100,200,300,500,700,1 500 brushing cy-cles.A slurry of fluoride toothpaste (1 ∶2 ratio of toothpaste and deionized water by weight)was used and the brushing load was 300 N.The surface microstructure of remaining coating material was analyzed using SEM.The wear depths were determined by a profilometer.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 by one-way ANOVA.The level of significance was at 0.05.Results:Application of PRG Barrier Coat produced a coating layer of (47.1 ±27.3)μm,while CS3 presented a thin film of (5.7 ± 2.1)μm in thickness.The exposed dentin was hermetically sealed and no obvious gap was observed at the interface in both PRG and CS3 groups.There was no dentin demineralization observed in both groups after water aging.The wear depths of PRG and CS3 increased along with the numbers of brushing cycles. PRG wore at a significant lower pace than CS3 did (P <0.05).Conclusion:PRG coating resin had similar performances as CS3 on protecting root dentin from demineralization after water aging.What’s more,PRG demonstrated a higher toothbrush wear resistance than CS3.We concluded that PRG Barrier Coat contained S-PRG filler may be an effective coating material for protecting exposed root from both chemical and mechanical challenges.Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the long-term reli-ability of the rootsurface coating materials under the clinical setting.

Objective To study the endogenous glucocorticoid on rat femoral head microenvironment of 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression ,and to discuss the influence of combined with femoral head pathological changes of the corresponding mechanism .Methods Sixty SD rats were divided into control group ,1‐month group ,3‐months group ,each 20 rats in group .1‐month group and 3‐months group inject cortisone acetate in the abdominal cavity intraperitoneal for 1‐month or 3‐months each .Im‐munohistochemical ,immunofluorescence ,Real‐time qPCR ,HE staining were employed in this study .Results From immunohisto‐chemical ,immunofluorescence ,Real‐time qPCR ,the 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase content of 1‐month group and 3‐months group were higher than that of the control group(P<0 .05) .From HE staining we detected 1‐month group in the bone marrow cavity in‐creased in fat cells ,3‐months group subchondral trabecular bone density decreased ,compared with the control group(P< 0 .05) . Conclusion Supplement of corticosterone could promote rat femoral head microenvironment 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ex‐pression and subchondral trabecular bone density decrease .

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether miR-125b regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by modulating Smad4, a predicted target in silicon. METHODS: Smad4 3'-UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-125b on luciferase activity. MSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow, and then transfected with miR-125b mimics followed by induction of osteogenic differentiation. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Smad4 mRNA and protein. MSCs were induced into the osteoblasts after transfecting with Smad4 siRNA, and the effect of Smad4 downregulation on osteogenic differentiation was observed by AKP activity and RUNX2 mRNA levels. RESULTS: miR-216b bound Smad4 3'-UTR and inhibited the luciferase activity (P<0.05). Smad4 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly down-regulated in the MSCs induced into osteogenic differentiation when miR-125b was overexpressed. Downregulation of Smad4 suppressed the AKP activity and RUNX2 mRNA expression, indicating that Smad4 siRNA simulated at least in part the function of miR-125b as the regulator of MSCs osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION miR-125b can suppress MSCs osteogenic differentiation by directly targeting Smad4.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; cytology ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteogenesis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Smad4 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the prognostic factors in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients with 1q21 amplification/gain treated with bortezomib-based regimens followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) . Methods: We retrospectively assayed 35 NDMM patients with 1q21 amplification/gain who received bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy between January 2008 and August 2015. Results: ①The median age of 35 patients were 49(33-63)years old. Ratio of male to female was 22∶13. Monosomy1q21 amplification/gain was only seen in 3(8.6%) patients, the other 32 patients were with additional cytogenetic abnormalities including 13q14 deletion, t(11,14), t(4,14), t(14,16), 17p deletion and complex karyotype aberrations. ②The complete remission (CR) rate was 57.0% (20/35), the very good partial remission(VGPR) rate was 37.1%(13/35) and the partial remission (PR) rate was 5.7%(2/35) after ASCT. At a median follow-up of 24 (8-85) months, 3-year estimated progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were (66.5±9.7)% and (69.6±9.9)%, respectively. ③As 13 patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, the median PFS and OS time was 26 and 28 months. The 3-year estimated PFS and OS was (28.0±15.9)% and (36.5±16.4)%, respectively. Another 22 patients without other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, the median PFS and OS time was 54 months and not reached. The 3-year estimated PFS and OS was (71.5±12.7)% and (92.3±7.4)% in this group, respectively. The presence of additional other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities resulted in significantly shortened PFS (χ²=5.404, P=0.020) and OS (χ²=7.596, P=0.006) compared with no high-risk cytogenetic patients. Conclusion NDMM patients with isolated1q21 amplification/gain were rarely and usually had additional other cytogenetic abnormalities. The outcomes in this group treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by ASCT and maintenance therapy were satisfied, additional other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities made PFS and OS further shortened.