The development of biodiesel and production feedstock in China was introduced, and the biodiesel production technologies as well as corresponding representative enterprises were reviewed. In addition, the development prospect of biodiesel industry in China was addressed.
Biofuels ; China

Purpose To analyze clinicopathologic and prognostic features in 9 cases of children endocapillary proliferative glomerulone-phritis with hepatitis B virus antigen deposition ( HBV-ECPGN) . Methods Retrospective analysis of demographic information, clini-cal manifestations, laboratory parameters, pathological and prognostic features was carried out for 9 cases of HBV-ECPGN and 13 cases of acute poststreptococcal infection endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis ( APS-ECPGN) for comparison. Renal biopsy tissue were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin, stained with HE, PAS and PAM-Masson. Immunohistochemical study with EliVision method was performed. Three cases were submitted for electron microscopy. Results There were 7 males and 2 females ( M ∶ F=7 ∶ 2) of HBV-ECPGN. The median age was 10. 3 years. Serum C4 deposition ratio HBV-ECPGN was significantly greater than APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was an average of 11. 2 weeks of HBV-ECPGN kidney disease duration, which was significantly lon-ger than an average of 3. 8 weeks of APS-ECPGN group (P<0. 05). There was no disease relapse in all cases during 53. 55 months follow-up. C4d deposit was significantly stronger in all HBV-ECPGN cases compared with control group (APS-ECPGN cases). There were no significant differences in deposit of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3d and C1q between the two groups. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites was identified in all cases. Conclusions Serum C4 decrease is more common in HBV-ECPGN than APS-ECPGN. Which may be associated with HBV infection, there is longer disease duration of HBV-ECPGN. C4d deposit is significantly stronger than control group, suggesting pathogenesis of HBV-ECPGN and APS-ECPGN is different. HBsAg deposit may be closely related to the pathogene-sis of HBV-ECPGN. HBsAg deposit in juxtaglomerular sites may be characteristic of HBV-ECPGN.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the new idea for clinical pharmacists providing pharmaceutical care in oncology depart-ment. METHODS:Applying the principles and methods of clinical pathway,the pharmaceutical care of anti-tumor drugs could be divided into before medication,during medication,after medication and patient education,according to the sequence of taking med-icine. On the basis of evidence-based medicine,the care contents of each unit were established,and the pharmaceutical care path-way (PCP) was formed. During chemotherapy duration for a breast cancer metastasis patient with liver function injury,clinical pharmacists conducted pharmaceutical care for drug pretreatment,ADR monitoring and disposal,patient education,as well as put forward the proposal of drug treatment as supplementing calcium,adjusting the dose of epirubicin and paclitaxel targeting on PCP of zoledronic acid,epirubicin and paclitaxel. RESULTS:Physicians adopted the pharmacist’s recommendations. The patient suf-fered from joint and muscle pain during chemotherapy,and the symptom was relieved after symptomatic treatment by celecoxib;chest and back discomfort was relieved significantly after chemotherapy,and the disease condition kept stable. The patient was dis-charged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS:PCP focus on the time,content and countermeasures of pharmaceutical care,the pro-gram and treatment results of pharmaceutical care,and promote standardization,formalization,simplification and procedure of pharmaceutical care. Clinical pharmacists conduct individualized pharmaceutical care rapidly targeting on PCP so as to deepen the communication of clinical pharmacists with physicians,nurses and patients,and promote the development of pharmaceutical care smoothly.

Objective To investigate the effect of lineal polypeptide injection on immune function of severe sepsis patients in ICU.Methods 40 severe sepsis patients in ICU were randomly divided into two groups after signed the consent form:the treatment group (20 cases)and the control group (20 cases).On the 1st day of antibiotic therapy, the patients in the treatment group were simultaneously treated with lineal polypeptide intravenous injection,while the patients in the control group received the same routine treatment,but without lineal polypeptide injection,all with a 10 days treatment course.Blood bacteria culture and drug sensitivity test were completed after entering the hospital. The scores of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)before treatment and at day 3,7 and 10 of therapy were evaluated.The peripheral blood of patients was taken and send to the clinical laboratory.The WBC,NEU%,PCT, hs -CRP,IL -6,total T lymphocytes (CD +3 )and T lymphocyte subgroup (CD +4 ,CD +8 ,CD +4 /CD +8 )were detected in both the treatment group and the control group.Adverse drug events were also detected in the process of therapy. Results Compared with before treatment[(5.56 ±2.03)points],after 7 days of lineal polypeptide therapy,the SOFA score of the treatment group[(3.48 ±1.83)points]decreased significantly(t =2.793,P <0.05),and after 10 days therapy,the descending degree in the treatment group was more significantly and declined earlier than the control group (t =4.401,P <0.01 ).In the aspect of improving the inflammatory markers,two groups were all improved after therapy,but the degree of improvement in the treatment group was better than the control group.After 7 days therapy,IL -6 level was (37.61 ±7.51)mg/L in the treatment group,while (50.49 ±7.68)mg/L in the control group (t =1.969,P <0.01),and the improvement of NEU% was not found in control group.In the aspect of improving the immune function,the CD +3 ,CD +4 ,CD +4 /CD +8 ratios were increased significantly [before therapy:(41.27 ±6.91)%,(19.65 ±5.29)% and (0.96 ±0.42);after 3 days therapy:(46.57 ±7.11 )%,(24.99 ± 7.70)%,(1.27 ±0.39)],and CD +8 [before therapy:(25.62 ±5.18)%,after 3 days therapy:(23.51 ±3.19)%] was decreased dramatically after 3 days of lineal polypeptide injection treatment,there was significant improvement in time and degree in the treatment group compared with the control group (t =1.390,t =1.407,t =3.974,t =2.081, all P <0.05).No severe adverse drug events were found.Conclusion As an immune modulator,lineal polypeptide injection could effectively improve the immune function of severe sepsis patients in ICU.

Objective To study and analyze the effects of vertebral basilar artery stenosis on posterior circulation cerebral infarction (CI) and prognosis of the patients.Methods A total of 150 patients with vertebral basilar artery stenosis were selected as the research subjects and divided into the non plaque group (n=36),the stable plaque group (n=62) and the unstable plaque group (n=52) according to results of CT angiography.The incidence of posterior circulation CI,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,the Barthel index score,the European version of neurological deficit scale (ESS) score,the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score on admission were observed and compared between two groups.The patients with CI were followed for 2 years,the recurrence rate in the follow-up period of CI patients was observed and compared.Results The constituent ratio of the patients with posterior circulation CI in the unstable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group (P<0.05).The NHISS score of the patients in the unstable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group,while MMSE score,Barthel score,ESS score were significantly lower than those in the non plaque group and the stable plaque group (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the CI in the unstable plaque was higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group (P<0.05).Conclusion The quality of vertebral basilar artery plaque is correlated with the patient''s condition,the incidence of CI and the prognosis of patients.

Objective To observe and analyze the risk factors of early vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after ischemic stroke (IS).Methods A total of 200 IS patients were selected.The patients were divided into the VCI group (n=84) and the non VCI group (n=116) according to whether complicated with VCI in the early period, and they were also divided into the stress hyperglycemia group (n=43) and the non stress hyperglycemia group (n=66) according to whether complicated with stress hyperglycemia in acute period.The age, the gender, the education level, the smoking history, the drinking history, the hypertension condition, the dyslipidemia condition, the diabetes condition, the coronary heart disease condition, the atrial fibrillation condition, the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, the serum high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score of the all the patients were observed and analysis.Results There were significant differences in the gender, the education level, the smoking history, the drinking history, the hypertension condition, the dyslipidemia condition, the diabetes condition, the coronary heart disease condition, the atrial fibrillation condition, the plasma Hcy level, the serum hs-CRP level and the NIHSS score between the VCI group and the non VCI group (P<0.05).The NIHSS score and the incidence rate of VCI in the patients in the stress hyperglycemia group were significantly higher than those in the non stress hyperglycemia group, and the MoCA score was significantly lower than that in the non stress hyperglycemia group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed the incidence of VCI in the early period of IS was correlated with diabetes, the hypertension, the plasma Hcy level and the serum hs-CRP level (P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of VCI in the early period of IS is correlated with diabetes, the hypertension, the plasma Hcy level and the serum hs-CRP level.

Objective To study and analyze the effects of vertebral basilar artery stenosis on posterior circulation cerebral infarction (CI) and prognosis of the patients.Methods A total of 150 patients with vertebral basilar artery stenosis were selected as the research subjects and divided into the non plaque group (n=36),the stable plaque group (n=62) and the unstable plaque group (n=52) according to results of CT angiography.The incidence of posterior circulation CI,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,the Barthel index score,the European version of neurological deficit scale (ESS) score,the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score on admission were observed and compared between two groups.The patients with CI were followed for 2 years,the recurrence rate in the follow-up period of CI patients was observed and compared.Results The constituent ratio of the patients with posterior circulation CI in the unstable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group (P<0.05).The NHISS score of the patients in the unstable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group,while MMSE score,Barthel score,ESS score were significantly lower than those in the non plaque group and the stable plaque group (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of the CI in the unstable plaque was higher than that in the non plaque group or the stable plaque group (P<0.05).Conclusion The quality of vertebral basilar artery plaque is correlated with the patient''s condition,the incidence of CI and the prognosis of patients.

Objective To observe and analyze the risk factors of early vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after ischemic stroke (IS).Methods A total of 200 IS patients were selected.The patients were divided into the VCI group (n=84) and the non VCI group (n=116) according to whether complicated with VCI in the early period, and they were also divided into the stress hyperglycemia group (n=43) and the non stress hyperglycemia group (n=66) according to whether complicated with stress hyperglycemia in acute period.The age, the gender, the education level, the smoking history, the drinking history, the hypertension condition, the dyslipidemia condition, the diabetes condition, the coronary heart disease condition, the atrial fibrillation condition, the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, the serum high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score of the all the patients were observed and analysis.Results There were significant differences in the gender, the education level, the smoking history, the drinking history, the hypertension condition, the dyslipidemia condition, the diabetes condition, the coronary heart disease condition, the atrial fibrillation condition, the plasma Hcy level, the serum hs-CRP level and the NIHSS score between the VCI group and the non VCI group (P<0.05).The NIHSS score and the incidence rate of VCI in the patients in the stress hyperglycemia group were significantly higher than those in the non stress hyperglycemia group, and the MoCA score was significantly lower than that in the non stress hyperglycemia group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed the incidence of VCI in the early period of IS was correlated with diabetes, the hypertension, the plasma Hcy level and the serum hs-CRP level (P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of VCI in the early period of IS is correlated with diabetes, the hypertension, the plasma Hcy level and the serum hs-CRP level.

Lipase-mediated biodiesel production becomes increasingly important because of mild reaction conditions, pollution free during the process and easy product separation. Compared with traditional immobilized lipase, whole cell biocatalyst is promising for biodiesel production because it is easy to prepare and has higher enzyme activity recovery. Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 can be used as the catalyst for biodiesel production. To further study the stability of the whole cell biocatalyst is extremely important for its further application on large scale. This paper focuses on the stability study of Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 when used for the methanolysis of renewable oils for biodiesel production. The results showed that water content was important for achieving high catalytic activity and good stability of the biocatalyst. The optimum water content was found to be 5%-15%. Both particle size and desiccation methods showed no obvious effect on the stability of the biocatalyst. With GA cross-linking pretreatment, the stability of the biocatalyst could be improved significantly. When Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 repeatedly used for next batch reaction, direct vacuum filtration was found to be a good way for the maintenance of good stability of the biocatalyst. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the methyl ester yield could keep over 80% during 20 repeated reaction batches.
Biocatalysis ; Bioelectric Energy Sources ; microbiology ; Biofuels ; Cells, Immobilized ; metabolism ; Lipase ; metabolism ; Rhizopus ; metabolism ; Soybean Oil ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prenatal diagnosis procedure for a 45,X male fetus. METHODS: A 31-year-old women underwent amniocentesis due to a moderate risk of trisomy 21. The fetal cells were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping, BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay, chromosomal microarray analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Combined analyses revealed that the whole of Yp has translocated to 21p, which yielded a fetal karyotype of 45,X,dic(Y;21)(q11;p11).ishdic(Y;21)(SRY+,CEPY+;CEP21+). CONCLUSION BoBs and modified N-banding method are helpful for the diagnosis of 45,X male fetus with Yp translocation.