Objective To observe clinicopathological features and prognosis of suptypes in breast cancers. Methods SP method was applied on 509 operated breast cancer patients to examine ER,PR and Her-2 status which determined subtypes.Subtype definitions were as follows:Her-2-,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal A,Her-2+,ER+ and/or PR+ as Luminal B,Her-2-,ER-PR-as Triple-negative,Her-2+,ER-,PR-as ERBB2+. χ~2 test was applied to determine their association with clinicopathological features.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze disease free survival (DFS).Univariate regression and COX multivariate regression were preformed to analyze association between metastasis or recurrence and cliniopathological features. Results 40.5%of all cases (206/509) were identified as Luminal A,18.5%(94/509) as Luminal B,21.4%(109/509)as Triple-negative,19.6%(100/509)as ERBB2+.The rate of medulary type in triple negative breast cancer was higher than that in other subtypes(P<0.05).Significant difference in the rate of recurrence or metastasis was found among four subtypes(P=0.029).Cox regression analysis suggested that lymph node status and TNM stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis(P=0.000).DFS of ERBB2+and Triple-negative was 81.0% and 78.9% respectively,which was lower than that of Luminal A and Luminal B(88.8%、90.4%)(P=0.025).Conclusion Luminal A occurred at the highest prevalence.Triple-negative and ERBB2+ have a hiigher incidence of relapse or metastasis and poorer prognosis than Lurninal A and Luminal B.

BACKGROUND: The studies in recent years proved that the inflammatory reaction is of the main reasons in the damage of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), as a kind of transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating the expressions of various inflammatory cell factors in the inflammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The previous experiments show that puerarin functions to resist the oxidated free radicals and the apoptosis of nerve cells. In case it has the functions of anti-inflammation, its brain protection can be explained further.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of puerarin on NF-κB for the rats with the damage of ischemia reperfusion.DESIGN: A random parallel controlled study.SETTING: The Emergency Department of Beijing Hospital, Emergency Department of Tongji Hospital, Pathology Department and Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical College, and Health Statistics Department of Public Health College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was started on April 12, 2003 in the Pathology Department of Tongji Medical College. The 75 healthy and clean Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups with 25 in each, Sham operation group, cerebral ischemia reperfusion group, and puerarin group. Each group was reperfused at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after ischemia and 5rats were used at each time point.METHODS: [1] Sham operation group: Without electric coagulation of bilateral vertebral arteries, without blockage of bilateral common carotid arteries, without medicinal administration. [2] Cerebral ischemia reperfusion group: Ten minutes after the blockage of bilateral common carotid arteries with non-invasive artery clamp, the reperfusion was given. At the beginning of reperfusion, the abdominal injection of normal saline 1 mL was applied and later every 6 hours the injection was repeated once. [3] Puerarin group:The procedure was the same as for the reperfusion group, only with normal saline changed to puerarin 100 mg/kg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At the time points of 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion, the activity of NF-κB and inhibitory protein κB(IP-κB) in the hippocampus CA1 region was examined with immunohistochemical method; the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was measured with in situ hybridization method; and the number of surviving neurons was detected with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.RESULTS: After supplement, 75 rats entered the result analysis. [1] Activity of NF-κB: In the ischemia reperfusion group, it was obviously increased at 2 hours after reperfusion, to the highest at 6 hours, and still higher than that of the sham operation group, (P ＜ 0.01). In the puerarin group, it was lower at each time point than that of the ischemia reperfusion group (P ＜ 0.01). [2] Expression of TNF-α mRNA: In the ischemia reperfusion group, it was obviously increased at 2 hours after reperfusion, to the highest at 12 hours, and still higher than that of the sham operation group at 48 hours (P ＜ 0.01). In the puerarin group, it was lower than that of the ischemia reperfusion group at 6-48 hours (P ＜ 0.01). [3] Activity of IP-κB:In the ischemia reperfusion group, it was obviously decreased at 2 hours after reperfusion, to the lowest at 6 hours, and then gradually increased to the level of 12 hours. In the puerarin group, it was higher than that of the ischemia reperfusion group at each time point (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). [4] Number of surviving neurons: In the ischemia reperfusion group, it was decreased gradually with the time prolonging after reperfusion (P ＜ 0.01). In the puerarin group, at each time point, it was higher than that of the ischemia reperfusion group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION: In the cerebral ischemia reperfusion, puerarin can protect the brain through decreasing the degradation of IP-κB, the activity of NF-κB, the expression of TNF-α mRNA, and the inflammatory reaction.

Objective To assess the cerebral CT findings and clinical correlation in eclampsia.Methods Cranial CT scan was performed in 18 patients with eclampsia,3 cases underwent contrast-enhanced CT.Eight of them followed-up by CT scan.Results 14 cases had extensive low-density lesions represented cerebral edema involving the subcortical white matter in cerebrum with predominance in the occipital lobes,the frontal and parietal lobes also involved.4 cases appeared as small low-density foci in the brain,2 cases accompanied with multiple small intracranial hemorrhage.Conclusion CT scan is a good method in showing the cerebral lesions in patients with eclampsia,which can early find the lesions and can be used for follow-up.

Objective To establish osteoblasts osteoclasts co culture system in vitro for the study of the biological characteristics of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and also to analyze the interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Methods The osteoblasts and osteoclasts were isolated from cancellous bone in illium. Osteoblasts osteoclasts co culture system was built to prevent these two kinds of cells from contact with each other although with the facility of their medium exchange. The osteogenety of osteoblasts was evaluated by MTT and ALP activity; the resorption activity of osteoclasts was investigated by TRAP activity and the area of absorption lacuna. Results Osteoblasts are full fusiform, ALP stain positive cells, while osteoclasts are multinuclear and TRAP stain positive, with the ability of forming bone lacuna; while in the co culture system, the proliferation of osteoblasts in co culture (0.60?0.08)OD is quicker(P=0.000)than that in mono culture (0.36?0.03)OD, and the ALP activity increased significantly (P=0.000)from (18.33?0.34)u/mg to (23.37?2.48) u/mg; while the average area of bone resorption formed by osteoclasts [(6.55?0.34)?10-2] ?m2 was also increased obviously(P=0.000)from [(5.15?0.17)?10-2] ?m2. Conclusion In co culture system, osteoclasts were able to enhance ossification effects of osteoblasts by accelerating their proliferation and differentiation; at the same time, osteoblasts upregulated the ability of bone resorption of osteoclasts. This implied that osteoblasts and osteoclasts can promote each others function. This study provide reliable model for bone metabolism research.

Objective To research the possible relati onship between exercise-induced HSP72mRNA and ultrastructure of myocardium in rats. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,one week training group(T1),two weeks training group(T2),three weeks train ing group(T3).The rats in T1,T2 and T3 were trained on treadmill with 75%VO 2ma x intensity for 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively.All rats were sacrificed within 24 hours after training and HSP72 mRNA expression of cardiac myocytes we re detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The chang es of ultrastructure of myocardium in rats were also analyzed by electron micros cope.Results (1)HSP72 mRNA expression in T1 and T2 group were si gnificant higher than controls and T3 group.(2)According to electron microscope results of cardiac myocyte in rats,the sequence of damage degree from slight to severe was T3

0.05). With prolonged of the training period, all the above indexes reverted gradually. Conclusion There might exist an inner correlation between the protective function of myocardium and the expression of myocardial HSP72 mRNA after training.

OBJECTIVETo compare follow-up and administration of HIV-infected local Chinese and Burmese in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, for scientific development of prevention and control measures.

METHODS14 270 HIV-infected local Chinese and 5 436 HIV-infected Burmese reported from 1989 to December 31, 2013 in Dehong prefecture were recruited as the subjects of study, comparing the differences of follow-up and management, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests and antiretroviral therapy (ART) between the two groups.

RESULTSThe proportion of HIV-infected Burmese identified in Dehong prefecture was 27.6% (5 436/19 706) during 1989-2013. The number had been growing rapidly from 17.1% in 1989-2003, 12.4% in 2004 and 14.7% in 2005 to over 51.4% in 2012, hitting 59.4% in 2013 (trends χ² = 1 732.84, P < 0.000 1). The proportion of HIV-infected Burmese among case reports of various characteristics kept rising over the years. By the end of 2013, 8 095 HIV-infected local Dehong residents and 5 326 HIV-infected Burmese were still alive. 95.8% of them were under follow-up, 88.5% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 78.3% under ART. Among the HIV-infected B urmese, only 19.2% of them were under follow-up, 13.0% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 6.1% under ART, significantly lower than the local Dehong residents (P < 0.000 1).

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of follow-up and administration, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and ART of HIV-infected Burmese was low in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, which called for more effective follow-up and administration measures.

Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans

Objective To evaluate in vitro anti tumor effect of host lymphocyte primed by CalmetteGuerin bacillus (CGB) activated dendritic cells (DC) based PANC1 lysate. Methods DCs were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteer and cuitured by rhGM CSF and rhIL 4. DC vaccines for pancreatic cancer were loaded with PANC1 tumor lysate (TL) and were further maturated by CGB.CD1a, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR phenotype was characterized by flow cytometer, and IL-12p70 and TNF-α concentration in DC culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Autologous mixed lymphocyte proliferation and the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes primed by activated DCs to PANC1, PaTu8988 and SCG7901 tumor cells was measured by CCK 8 test. Results When DCs based PANC1 lysate were activated by CGB,the expression rates of CD83 and CD86 were increased from (3.7±0.3)% and (38.6±5.0)% to (16.5±0.6)% and (76.6±2.5)% (P ＜0.05 ). The concentrations of cytokines ILpl2p70 and TNF-α were increased from (20.18±2.06 ) pg/mland (61.38±1.19) pg/mlto (62.48±3.80) pg/mland (592.53±17.96)pg/ml (P＜0. 01 ). When co-cultured with CGB activated DCs based PANC1 lysate in proportion of 0.40)% , (3.39±1.05)% , (2.82±0.39)% significantly increased to (55.38±3.58)% , (75.0±2.54) % , (77.07±3.4)% , (99.07±2.4)% (P＜0.01) , respectively. The killing effects of lymphocytes 2.77)%, (19.03±3.04) %; but the killing effects on PaTu8988 and SCG7901 were significantly decreased.Conclusions DC vaccines for pancreatic cancer could be more maturated when activated by CGB, and could show a high capability of anti-tumor in vitro.

The detection rate of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is significantly increased with the widespread application of chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Therefore, there is rising demand and expectation for more accurate diagnostic tests to characterize SPN. The different diagnostic methods currently used in clinical practice have their advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews the literature pertaining to SNP diagnosis and treatment strategy and above mentioned concerns according to Fleischner society, American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) screening guideline.

ObjectiveTo survey and analyze the changes of dental medical students' concerns before and after their internship in order to provide practical evidences for intern orientation and junior students education.MethodsAnonymous questionnaires were designed with single choice and multiple-choices and were accomplished by 175 dental medical students of different grades to investigate their' concerns before and after the clinical internship and choices for future employment.Results 47％ freshmen,43％ junior,45％ graduates were willing to work in dental restoration field,30％sophomore and 39％ senior were willing to work in orthodontics field.Before the internship,the most concem of 97％ students was the teaching quality of the practice hospital; 67％ students worried that patients may unsatisfy with the treatment.After the internship,the quality of the practice hospital was considered most important by 79％ students; 51％ students worried that internship may influence the postgraduate entrance exam.ConclusionTeachers should strengthen their self-cultivation and cope with the key concerns before the practice based on the investigation and survey after the practice.Meanwhile teacher should provide employment guidance for students based on students' interests and practice skill ability,encourage them to broaden their horizon and pay attention to the long-term interests in an aim to pave the way for future employment.