Object To explore the artificial propagation of the medicinal plant, Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Methods The shoot-tip was tested as the explants and cultured on culture media with different portions of hormone. Results The best medium for bud induction was the B5 basic medium with additions of 6-BA (0.2 mg/L), IBA (0.05 mg/L), and AS (afenine sulfate, 10 mg/L). While B5 with the additions of IBA (0.5 mg/L), KT (0.1 mg/L), and AS (10 mg/L) was suitable for rooting. The seedling was cultivated and grew well on the base material mixed with perlite-soil (3∶7). The survival rate of transplant was up to 96%. Conclusion The above mentioned method provides a new effective way to exploit this plant resources.

ObjectiveTo find out the risk factors and the incidence of lithiasis. MethodsA questionnaire was formulated by the National Biliary Surgical Group. It was sent to the medical staff of all levels of hospitals in the Zunyi Region, Guizhou to fill in on surgically proven cases of cholelithiasis. The clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 13.0. ResultFor lithiasis, the gender ratio was 1∶ 1.78; the peak age was 41-year and 51-year respectively. The proportion of cholecystolithiasis (n =4456 ; 86.76 ％) and choledocholithiasis (n =554;10.79 ％ ) was comparatively higher than in other regions in China. ConclusionsThe commonest type of lithiasis in Zunyi was cholecystolithiasis. There was an increasing tendency for lithiasis to develop in young people. Lithiasis was closely associated with factors such as gender, food and occupation.

Ohjective To observe the inhibition effect of total glucosides of Picrorhiza on hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) in HepG 2.2.15 cell line. Methods HepG 2.2.15 cells were incubated with culture medium containing 50 mg/L of picrosides or 5 mg/L of adefovir dipivoxil for 2 or 5 days. HBV DNA in the supernatant, intracellular cccDNA, relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) were quantified by specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and inhibition rates were calculated. The means were compared by t test. Results After treated with picrosides for 2 and 5 days, the inhibition rates of HBV DNA in thesupernatant were 49. 74% (t=4.723, P<0.05) and 79.48% (t = 7.512, P<0.05), respectively. The inhibition rates of intracellular cccDNA were 43.55% (t = 5.216, P<0.05) and 56.43% (t=7.262, P<0.05), respectively, while those of intracellular rcDNA were 43.39% (t=4.137, P<0.05) and 63.86% (t=7.861, P<0.05), respectively, and those of intracellular pgRNA were 54.72% (t=4.532, P<0.05) and 56.08% (t=4.833, P<0.05), respectively. Comparatively, after treatment with adefovir dipivoxil for 2 and 5 days, the inhibition rates of HBV DNA in the supernatant were 25.56% (t=2.874, P<0.05) and 92.44% (t =10.276, P<0.05), respectively. Those of cccDNA were 18.54% (t=2.736, P<0.05) and 47.19% (t=6.852, P<0.05), respectively. Those of rcDNA were 21. 20% (t=3.206, P<0.05) and 71.47% (t=8.332, P<0.05), respectively, pgRNA were 11.14% (t=1.761, P>0.05) and 37.61%(t=3.632, P<0.05) respectively in HepG2.2.15 cells. Conclusions Pierosides may inhibit the replication cycle of HBV, including the formation of cccDNA in HepG 2.2.15 cells. The mechanism of pierosides on cccDNA may differ from adefovir dipivoxil's due to its earlier inhibition time phase.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Tongluo Recipe (TLR), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by streptozocin in rats. Eight weeks later, the diabetic rats were assigned to 3 groups according to different body weights: untreated group, low-dose TLR-treated group and high-dose TLR-treated group. Eight normal rats were assigned to normal control group. Systemic and sciatic nerve intrinsic antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxide levels, hemorheology and sciatic nerve conduction velocity and ultrastructure changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were lower, and lipid peroxide levels were higher in plasma and sciatic nerve of the untreated group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05). Blood glucose and viscosity in the untreated group were higher than those in the normal control group. Sciatic nerve showed demyelination changes and decrease of conduction velocity. Vasa nervorum expanded and erythrocyte deposited in the capillary in the untreated group. TLR obviously improved sciatic nerve conduction velocity and ameliorated morphology changes, decreased blood viscosity, improved SOD and GSH-Px activities. CONCLUSION: TLR can obviously improve sciatic nerve function and ameliorate morphology changes in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, probably through depleting free radical production, improving endothelial cell function and ameliorating hemorheology changes.

Objective To investigate the application technology and effect of Navien catheter in intracranial aneurysms embolization.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with intracranial aneurysm treated with Navien catheter in Department of Neurosurgery of Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College from March to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The extracranial segments of internal carotid arteries were seriously tortuous in all patients. The coaxial system was used during procedure. Whether the Navien catheter could be smoothly placed into the target artery or not was observed,and the coils or stent-assisted coils were used to embolize the intracranial aneurysms in the corresponding positions. The immediate embolization results were assessed by the Raymond grading. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed and the patients were followed up by imaging.Results All 15 patients had abnormal tortuosity of extracranial segments of internal carotid arteries. The Navien catheter was able to smoothly pass through the tortuous vessels and reach the desired position. The stent-assisted coil embolization was used in 9 patients,and the coil embolization was used in 6 patients. The success rate of the coil and stent placement technology was 100%. The stents were all accurately put in place without shift. According to the Raymond grading,the immediate embolization rate of aneurysms showed that 15 patients achieved Raymond gradeⅠ. One case developed internal carotid spasm during the procedure. The patient was improved after giving papaverine. Others did not have intraoperative complications,such as cerebral vasospasm,vascular dissection,in-stent thrombosis,and intraoperative aneurysm rupture. Five patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). There was no recurrence of aneurysm and no in-stent stenosis and shift,No rebleeding or cerebral ischemia was observed.Conclusion Forpatients with severely tortuous in extracranial segments of internal carotid artery,using the Navien catheter may overcome artery tortuosity and other unfavorable factors of the patients and successfully reach the target vessel position,enable the embolization of intracranial aneurysms to be completed successfully.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for influencing recrudescence after endovascular embolization of posterior communicating artery aneurysms.Methods From January 2014 to December 2014,71 consecutive patients (a total of 74 aneurysms) with posterior communicating artery aneurysm treated with endovascular treatment at the Department of Neurosurgery,Yijishan Hosptial of Wannan Medical College were enrolled retrospectively.The aneurysms were calculated as the number of cases (n=74).The aneurysms were divided into two groups according to whether they had recrudescence or not,including recurrent group (n=18) and non-recurrent group (n=56).The differences of the clinical data and aneurysm characteristics between the two groups were compared.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for recrudescence after endovascular embolization of posterior communicating artery aneurysms.Results Of the 74 patients with aneurysm,51 were treated with simple coil embolization and 23 were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization.All the coils were released satisfactorily.There were significant difference in the size of aneurysms and Raymond grade between the two groups (all P<0.01).The incidence of aneurysms with daughter cysts (55.6% [10/18] and the rate of non-stent-assisted coil embolization (88.9% [16/18]) in the recurrent group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrent group (23.2% [13/56],62.5% [35/56]).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other aneurysm features between the two groups (all P>0.05).After variable selection,the Raymond grade was referred to Raymond gradeⅠ.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the non-stent-assisted coil embolization (OR,4.789,95%CI 1.207-19.009,P=0.026),Raymond grade Ⅱ (OR,12.326,95%CI 3.838-39.592,P<0.01),Raymond grade Ⅲ (OR,36.884,95%CI 2.892-470.454,P=0.005) were the independent risk factors for recrudescence after embolization of posterior communicating artery aneurysms.Conclusion Non-stent-assisted coil embolization,Raymond Ⅱ and Ⅲ may cause recrudescence of posterior communicating artery aneurysms.

Objective To analyze the intraoperative and postoperative common complications of Enterprise stent-assisted embolization of intracranial aneurysms and the causes and preventive measures. Methods One hundred forty-three patients with intracranial aneurysm treated with Enterprise stent-assisted embolization at the Department of Neurosurgery,Yijishan Hospital,the First Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College from January 2012 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The common intraoperative and postoperative complications and its possible causes,as well as the appropriate management were analyzed,and the prognoses were observed. Results A total 143 patients(205 aneurysms)with intracranial aneurysm were enrolled,included 43 with unruptured aneurysm,12 with recurrent aneurysm,and 88 with ruptured aneurysm. A total of 170 Enterprise stents were used. Twenty-two patients (15. 4%)had complications. Among them,2 had intraoperative aneurysm rupture,and they recovered well and discharged after active treatment. Thirteen patients had acute thrombosis,11 of the patients completely restored blood flow immediately after tirofiban and/or urokinase,microcatheter and guidewire-contact thrombolysis. The thrombolysis failed in 1 patient,and the blood flow was slow in 1 patient. Six patients had different degrees of cerebral infarction after procedure,and 1 died (peroperative Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ). Three patients had vasospasm and they were improved after reducing blood vessel wall irritation and papaverine infusion. The introperative stent guidewire was broken and the stent in place was difficult in 1 case. The last coil packed difficultly during the procedure,and it protruded into the parent artery in 1 case. Two patients had non-aneurysmal hemorrhage after procedure. After conservative treatment,one left unilateral limb muscle strength decline and the other was stable after craniotomy,but leaving aphasia and hemiplegia. Conclusion When using the Enterprise stent-assisted embolization for complex aneurysms,grasping the indications strictly,strengthening the perioperative management and improving the operative skills may reduce or avoid the occurrence of complications.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of endovascular treatment of posterior communicating artery aneurysm (PcoAA)in keeping the fetal posterior cerebral artery (FPCA) patency. Methods Form January 2014 to December 2015,14 patients with ruptured PcoAA enrolled retrospectively were treated with endovascular embolization. Six of them were treated with simple coil embolization,3 with stent-assisted coil embolization,3 with double catheter-assisted coil embolization,1 with stent-assisted coil embolization + double catheter technique,and 1 with Y-stent in Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College. The immediate embolization rate of PcoAA (using Raymond grade),prognosis of the patients (the modified Rankin scale score at 6 months after procedure),complications,and imaging follow-up results were analyzed. Results The success rate of coil and stenting was 100% . All the stents were accurately released in place without displacement. The immediate Raymond grading of the aneurysms displayed that Raymond grade Ⅰ was in 8 cases,Raymond grade Ⅱ was in 4 cases,and Raymond grade Ⅲ was in 2 cases. All FPCA were kept patent. A coil protruded into internal carotid artery in one case during the procedure. Others did not have any complications,such as intraoperative cerebral vasospasm,in-stent thrombosis,and rupture. All 14 patients were followed up for 3 -24 months after procedure. Two had recurrence. Both were aneurysms embolized with coils only. No rebleeding and ischemic
complications were observed. The modified Rankin scale scores in 13 cases were 0 -2 at 6 months after procedure,1 was 4. Conclusions Endovascular embolization for the treatment of PcoAA and keeping FPCA patency are safe and feasible. A variety of endovascular treatment modalities are necessary in order to keep FPCA patency.

Objective:To study the characteristics and clinical diagnostic value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:The clinical data of patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated in Qinhuangdao Second Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into PCa group and BPH group. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI were performed respectively. The T2WI image characteristics, peripheral band and transitional band apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and DCE-MRI image types were compared between the two groups. Patients in the two groups were evaluated by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 Score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of mp-MRI sequences in the differential diagnosis of PCA and BPH.Results:There were significant differences in image features of T2WI and DWI between PCa group and BPH group; the ADC values of both patients in peripheral zone were significantly higher than those in transition zone (all P<0.05); the ADC values of PCa patients in peripheral zone and transition zone were significantly lower than those of BPH patients (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the types of DCE-MRI images in PCa and BPH patients ( P<0.05), and the Tmax of PCa patients was significantly lower than that of BPH patients ( P<0.05), while the SImax was significantly higher than that of BPH patients ( P<0.05). PI-RADS v2 Score showed that there were statistically significant differences in the T2WI and DWI scores between PCa patients and BPH patients ( P<0.05), and the positive rates of DCE-MRI in the two groups were 94.00% and 24.00% respectively ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of T2WI, DWI, DCE-MRI and combined diagnosis of PCa and BPH were 64.0%, 76.0%, 94.0% and 96.0% respectively, and the specificity were 90.0%, 92.0%, 76.0% and 84.0%. Conclusions:mp-MRI sequences have many differences in PCa and BPH. Combined with RI-RADS v2, it can effectively identify and is of great significance for improving the early diagnosis of PCa.

OBJECTIVETo summarize our experience with video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) removal of esophageal leiomyoma located with endoscopy during operation.

METHODSBetween January 2006 and December 2010, 55 patients with esophageal leiomyoma underwent VATS enucleation. The surgical procedure was similar to that of open thoracotomy with intraoperative endoscopic location of the tumor and examination of the mucosal integrity especially for tumors less than 1 cm in diameter.

RESULTSOf the 55 patients undergoing VATS tumor removal, 54 patients completed the procedures smoothly, and 1 patient experienced ventricular fibrillation during the operation to require an open thoracotomy. Endoscopy was used in 38 patients during the operation. VATS enucleation differed significantly from open thoracotomy in the volume of bleeding, postoperative fasting days and postoperative hospital stay (P<0.05). The symptoms were completely relieved after the operation without postoperative complications. The patients were followed up for 8 to 59 months (mean 23.0 months) and no recurrence was found.

CONCLUSIONVATS removal of esophageal leiomyomas is minimally invasive, safe and effective and can serve as the primary option for surgical removal of esophageal leiomyomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; methods ; Thoracoscopy ; Thoracotomy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult