OBJECTIVE:To improve the accuracy of the Cetirizine hydrochloride syrup pediatric dose for children. METH-ODS:The dosage of Cetirizine hydrochloride syrup for children with chronic urticaria was accurately measured and compared with before and after pharmacists’intervention. RESULTS:The dosage before and after pharmacists’intervention was significantly high-er than prescribed dosage,the dosage after intervention was lower than before intervention,the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:It is commonly existed that the dosage to children is higher than the prescribed dosage. It is sug-gested that doctors should strictly follow the printed label to make a prescription,pharmacists should strengthen the guidance and in-tervention on medication,and pharmaceutical manufacturers can manufacture suitable Cetirizine hydrochloride preparations special-ly for children to improve drug compliance and dosage accuracy.

Objective To observe the effects of combined penebyclidine hydrochloride-ketamine-propofoi intravenous anesthesia with local anesthesia in transcatheter occlusion of congenital heart diseases (CHD).Methods Eighty-six patients suffered in CHD scheduled for transcatheter Amplatzer occlusio were divided randomly and averagely into two groups with 43 cases each.Group A received combined ketamine--propofol ina'avenous anesthesia with local anesthesia. Group B received combined hydrochloride-ketamine-propofol intavenous anesthesia with local anesthesia.Results The rate of upper airway obstruction of child patient that was caused by increased oral secretion in group B (4.7%) was significantly lower than that in group A(14.0%) (P ＜ 0.05 ).The upper airway obsa-uction was removed by aspirating sputum and oxygen therapy in group A,while removed "by decreasing anesthetic depth in group B.The rate of arrhythmia in operation,the time of operation and wake-up time were not significantly different between two groups [37.2%,(2.65±1.85)h,(45.4±15.2)min in group A,but 34.9%,(2.58±1.74)h,(50.2±17.3)rain in group B (P＞0.05)].Conclusion The combined penehyclidine hydrochloride-ketamine-propofol intravenous anesthesia with local anesthesia is feasible and safe in transcatheter occlusion of congenital heart diseases.

Objective To analyze the expression of long non-coding RNA ( lncRNA) in renal clear cell carcinoma ( RCCC ) , the association of lncRNA with RCCC, as well as the role of lncRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of RCCC.Methods Forty fresh RCCC tissues and their normal adjacent tissues were collected from March 2012 to June 2013, and total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagents, purified and tested by denaturing agarose gel electrophmesis and NanoDrop 1000.Through Arraystar Human LncRNA Microarray, the different expression of lncRNA between RCCC and normal adjacent tissues was screened. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression of lncRNA in 40 pair RCCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues. The receiver-operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was adopted to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the selected lncRNA.Results LncRNA expression profile showed 1 787 lncRNA with expression alteration in two fold or above, up-regulated and down-regulated candidate lncRNAs were 941 and 846 respectively. Compared with the adjacent tissues, NR_034095 and NR_038974 were up-regulated in RCCC, and ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 were down-regulated, which were consistent with the microarray analysis.By the ROC curves of NR_034095, NR_038974, ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 to discriminate the RCCC from normal adjacent tissue, the area under curve was 0.928 ( 95%CI 0.873 -0.984), 0.759 (95%CI 0.647-0.871), 0.833 (95%CI 0.747-0.919) and 0.887 (95%CI 0.815-0.959 ) , respectively.Conclusions NR _ 034095, NR _ 038974, ENST00000571724 and ENST00000566575 are significantly differently expressed in RCCC.The different expressed lncRNA might be closely related to the process of RCCC, and may be used as a new candidate target for molecular diagnosis and gene therapy of RCCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of puerarin(Pur)on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients withacute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Thirty-seven patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups:conventionaltreatment group(n=17,11 males,range of age:32-80 years,average age:60.9±4.9 years)and Purtreatment group(n=20,12 males,rangeof age:40-76 years.average age:62.7±3.5 years).Patients in the conventional treatment group received standard treatment according tothe current guidelines,while patients in the Pur treatment group received intravenous administration of Pur(500 mg/day)for 10 daysplus conventional treatment.Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was performed to evaluate the change inmyocardial perfusion index (MPI)and veiltricular wall motion index(VWMI)at admission and 10 days after treatment.Results At10 days after treatment,MPI was significantly higher(P＜0.01)and VWMI significantly lower(P＜0.01)in the Pur group comparingwith those in the conventional group.Conclusions Puerarin might improve myocardial microcirculation perfusion and ventricularwall motion in patients with ACS.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection among the out-patients and inpatients children in Shenzhen area during 2010-2012 and to explore the significance of the results of the laboratory routine tests in the diagnosis of MP infection .Methods The children patients with respiratory tract infection from 2010 to 2012 were selected and the MP infection and the non-MP infection were screened out .The epidemiological characteristics of gender ,age , etc .,among the children patients with MP infection during these 3 years were analyzed .The differences in the laboratory routine tests and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared between the MP infection and the non-MP infection .Results The positive detection rate of MP-DNA in males was slightly higher than that in females ,the difference had no statistical signifi-cance (P>0 .05);MP infection occurred in different age groups ,the positive detection rate of MP-DNA was lowest in the children patients aged <1 year old and highest in the children patients aged 3 - < 6 years (P< 0 .05);the routine laboratory tests and hsCRP level had no specificity in the diagnosis of MP infection .Conclusion The MP molecular epidemiology in Shenzhen area shows that MP infection has the seasonality ,the laboratory routine tests and hsCRP level can not be used as the basis of the MP la-boratory diagnosis .

Objective The study of capsaicin (CAP) on the effect and mechanism of indomethacin induced acute gastric mucosal injury in different period.Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 rats in each group.The experiment was completed in two phases,and the Ⅰ period was 2 weeks,the Ⅱ period was 4 weeks.The Ⅰ period including group A1 (control group),group B1 (model group),group C1 (CAP group),group D1 (CAP + indomethacin group).The grouping method of the two periods were the same.The rats' gastric mucosa were damaged by indomethacin,and then killed the rats 4 hours later.Last,astric juice was collected to determine the total acidity of gastric acid,counted thegastric mucosal injury index,observed the gastric mucosa pathological injury,detected the expression of TRPV 1、CGRP、MDA、SOD and PGI2.Results The Ⅰ period:the gastric mucosa of group A1 and C1 had no damage.Group D1 compared with group B1,there was no significant difference in gastric mucosa injury (P ＞ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The Ⅱperiod:the gastric mucosa of group A2 and C2 had no damage.Group D2 compared with group B2,the gastric mucosa injury were significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),total acidity decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),MDA decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),SOD、PGI2 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of TRPV1、CGRP increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There was no damage to the general morphology and histology of gastricmucosa in rats by intragastric CAP 1 mg/(kg· d) for 2 weeks and 4 weeks.2.It could prevent that indomethacininduced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by pretreated with CAP 1 mg(kg· d) for 4weeks.

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in both basic structure formation and function performance of microenviron-ment. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis unbalance caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress has become a hot research topic in recent years. This paper focuses on the role of endoplasmic retic-ulum stress in ischemic stroke. Research progress of related sig-naling pathways were reviewed, especially mechanisms through which endoplasmic reticulum stress trigger the inflammatory reac-tion, so as to provide a new research method for prevention of is-chemic stroke.

Objective:To observe the influence of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 6 (NLRP6) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and elucidate the related mechanism.Methods:Thirty C57BL/6 mice with body weight of (18.80±1.99) g, were divided randomly into 5 groups, with 6 mice in each group: the mice that experienced only exploratory laparotomy were Sham group; that only underwent an operation to establish a hepatic IRI model were IRI group; that were treated with tail intravenous injection of clodronate (Clo) liposomes before the establishment of hepatic IRI model were Clo group; that received tail intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes and transfusion of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) before the operation were Clo+ BMDM group; that received preoperative tail intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes and transfusion of BMDM with NLRP6 knockdown were Clo+ NLRP6-knockdown group. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to analyze the expressions of pyroptosis related proteins and factors. Simulate a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro, and set up experimental groups: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + adenosine triphosphate (ATP), LPS+ ATP+ NLRP6-knockdown, H/R, and H/R+ NLRP6-knockdown. The changes of expressions of pyroptosis related proteins and factors were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression of NF-κB in vivo and in vitro was measured.Results:Compared with those in Sham group, protein expressions of NLRP6, NLRP3, Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), IL-1β and IL-18 were remarkably increased in IRI group, but the levels of these proteins were dramatically decreased in Clo group with the exhaustion of macrophages in comparison with in IRI group, which were significantly different statistically (all P<0.05). The levels of these proteins were enhanced again in Clo+ BMDM group with the reconstruction of macrophages in contrast to those in Clo group, while the enhancements were more obvious in Clo+ NLRP6-knockdown group comparing to those in Clo+ BMDM group, with significant differences (all P<0.05). In vitro, pyroptosis rate for LPS+ ATP group was (16.39±1.06)%, which was lower than (27.34±2.79)% for LPS+ ATP+ NLRP6-knockdown group, with a statistical significance ( P<0.05). Meanwhile, pyroptosis rate for H/R group was (20.59±5.66)%, also much more reduced than (37.76±2.00)% for H/R+ NLRP6-knockdown group ( P<0.05). Expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18 and NF-κB p65 in LPS+ ATP+ NLRP6-knockdown group were more elevated than in LPS+ ATP group, and these indices were also more enhanced in H/R+ NLRP6-knockdown group than which in H/R group. Compared to the Sham group, expression of NF-κB p65 significantly increased in IRI group, which was reversed in Clo group, but enhanced again in Clo+ BMDM group and reached a peak in Clo+ NLRP6-knockdown group. Conclusions:Macrophage plays a critical role in immune response to hepatic IRI, wherein NLRP6 functions specifically. NLRP6 acts to suppress inflammation during hepatic IRI through regulating macrophage pyroptosis via inhibiting NF-κB.

Objective To understand the colonization status of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in nasopharynx of healthy infants in Wuhan. Methods Six vaccination clinics were randomly selected, and the nasopharyngeal specimens of healthy infants were collected and cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza. Results The carrying rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in 998 healthy infants was 18.84% and 17.54%, respectively. The carrying rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae within 6 months of age was 15.79% and 14.39%, and the carrying rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae at 7-12 months old was 22.90% and 21.73%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (Sp: χ²=5.60 P=0.02; Hi：χ²=8.98　P=0.00); The carrying rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in urban and suburban areas was 18.08% and 19.78%, respectively, and the Haemophilus influenzae carrying rate was 17.18% and 17.98%, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant (Sp：χ²=0.47　P=0.50; Hi：χ²=0.11　P=0.74). The correlation coefficient (r value) of the age of the month and the carrying rate of sp and hi was 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion The age of healthy infants in Wuhan was highly linearly and positively correlated with the carrying rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for safe drug use in the clinic by mining the adverse drug event （ADE） signals of 4 kinds of biological agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. METHODS ADE data of infliximab， adalimumab， ustekinumab and vedolizumab were collected from the FDA adverse event reporting system between the first quarter in 2004 and the fourth quarter in 2022， and were mined by using reporting odds ratio （ROR） method and proportional reporting ratio （PRR） method. The system organ class （SOC） was used for the classification and statistics of drug ADE terminology. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 65 173， 247 894， 37 596 and 6 134 ADE reports were retrieved for the above 4 biologic agents， involving 1 664， 1 731， 588， 303 ADE signals and 27， 27， 24， 26 SOC， respectively. The largest number of ADE reported of infliximab were various musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases， and the signal intensity of disseminated tuberculosis was stronger. The largest number of ADE reported of adalimumab were systemic disease and various reactions at the administration site， and the signal intensity of papular at the injection site was stronger. The largest number of ADE reported of ustekinumab were various injuries， poisoning and operation complications， and the signal intensity of latent tuberculosis was slightly stronger. The largest number of ADE reported of vedolizumab were systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site， and the signal intensity of shorter treatment response time was stronger. When clinically administering the four drugs， it is crucial to pay close attention to common ADEs and other ADE not mentioned in the drug label. For infliximab， clinicians should exercise caution due to the potential risk of synovitis and basal cell carcinoma； when prescribing adalimumab， caution should be exercised due to ADEs related to synovitis and hernia； for ustekinumab， the ADE associated with hepatobiliary diseases should be vigilant； for vedolizumab， clinicians should be vigilant for blood in the stool， increasing frequency of defecation. Except for ustekinumab， the other 3 biological agents also require attention for ADE associated with pregnancy.