Objective To understand the status of soil-transmitted nematode infections,as well as the awareness and healthy behavior on soil-transmitted nematodiasis in rural residents of Dezhou City. Methods Six villages were selected according to the stratified sampling method;the permanent resident population aged 3 years or above was determined as the investigation objects. The modified Kato-Katz technique was adopted to detect the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm and Trichuris trichiura in the feces of the residents,and the method of cellophane anal swab was used to detect the Enterobius vermicularis infection in children under 12 years old. More than 50 households in each investigated site were randomly selected to investigate the awareness status on nematodiasis prevention and treatment and the condition of healthy behavior formation. Results A total of 2 294 residents were detected by Kato-Katz methods,11 of them were positive,and the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 0.48%. To-tally 260 children were detected and 40 were infected with E. vermicularis,and the infection rate was 15.38%. A total of 898 resi-dents were investigated in the household survey and the awareness rate of nematodiasis prevention and treatment was 44.99%,the proportion of residents with healthy behavior was above 70%. Conclusions The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode is low in rural areas of Dezhou City,but the infection rate of E. vermicularis in children is higher. The condition of healthy behavior forma-tion is satisfying,but the awareness rate of nematodiasis prevention and treatment of the residents is low. Therefore,the control measures as well as healthy education still should be strengthened.

Objective To detect the relationship between the molecular defects and their phenotypes in children with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS).Methods 21 patients defined as GHIS were enrolled in the study.4 candidate genes (GHR,IGFALS,JAK2,and STAT5B) were analyzed by genomic DNA sequence screening and clinical relevance analysis.Results The statistical descriptions of the patients were showed as an average height standard deviation (SDS)-4.33 ± 1.91 (-9.17 to-2.21),average serum peak values of GH (22.67 ±20.98) tg/L (11.33 to 104.21 μg/L),basal serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ SDS-2.65 ± 0.53 (-3.57 to -1.79),insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 SDS-1.77 ± 1.64 (-4.13 to 0.96).Bone age of backward difference (chronological age-bone age) (43.10 ± 19.54) months (6 to 82 months).One of two children with severe growth failure and mid-face hypoplasia was found to a homozygote for G to A gene mutation in the intron 6 splice donor consensus sequences (IVS6 ds+ 1 G-A) in the GHR gene,causing its functional defect.3 cases with mild dwarf were found gene variations as novel finding:c.1097T＞C c.1098C＞T p.V366A pathogenic variant,c.1229C＞T p.S410L and nt1843707 A→G of 5' UTR region in the IGFALS gene.JAK2 and STAT5b genes mutations were not found.Conclusion Molecular pathology of GHIS is considered as involving the defects of GHR and its signal pathway.The mutation of intron 6 splice donor sequences in GHR gene has been reported which affect the function of GHR.The 3 novel type base variants in IGFALS gene,causing non severe dwarfism,might be suspected with pathogenic roles of GHIS.

Objective To discuss the prevention and treatment of the complications of modified radical mastectomy with nipple-areola complex (NAC) sparing. Methods The clinical data of 124 breast cancer patients who had a NAC sparing modified radical mastectomy from January 1998 to December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The causes of complications were evaluated and the proposal of prevention and treatment was put forward. Results Of the 124 patients, 18 had nipple necrosis (14.52%), 9 had skin infections and necrosis (7.26%), 7 subcutaneous hydrops(5.65%), 5 upper extremity lymphedema (4.03%), 3 chest muscle contracture with ipsilateral upper limb dyskinesia (2.42%), and 2 operative residual cavity hemorrhage(1.61%). Conclusion All the post-operative complications listed above could be possibly avoided by more careful operation procedure.

Objective:To summarize the assessment tools for fear of falling in the elderly both domestically and internationally, providing a reference for medical and nursing staff to assess their fear of falling.Methods:The literature on assessment tools for fear of falling in the elderly was systematically searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search period was from database establishment to July 4, 2023. This study extracted and analyzed the content of assessment tools for fear of falling.Results:A total of 45 articles were included, involving 16 assessment tools for fear of falling.Conclusions:The 16 assessment tools for fear of falling included in the analysis are mainly self-assessment. The reliability of the assessment tool for fear of falling is good, but its validity still needs further verification. It is recommended to consider multiple factors when choosing an assessment tool for fear of falling, and combine it with quantitative objective indicators measured by professional instruments to accurately assess the fear of falling of the elderly.

Objective:To systematically review the risk prediction model of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:Research on the prediction model of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes was retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine. The search period was from database establishment to March 17, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, and used the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool to analyze the bias risk and applicability of the included literature.Results:A total of 18 articles were included, of which nine studies used Logistic regression, four studies used Cox proportional hazards regression, two studies used Lasso regression, one study used semi-parametric regression, and two studies used machine learning methods. Two studies simultaneously conducted internal and external validation, three studies conducted internal validation, and one study conducted external validation. A total of 12 studies mentioned that the area under the curve ( AUC) of predictive models ranged from 0.715 to 0.966, and all AUCs were greater than 0.7. Four studies mentioned the C index, which was 0.770 to 0.848, while two studies did not mention the predictive performance of the model. Age, course of type 2 diabetes, urinary protein, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin use, hypertension, and time of hospital admissions were independent predictors of repeated reporting in the multivariate model. All studies had a certain risk of bias, but their applicability was good. Conclusions:The existing prediction models for retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients have good prediction performance, but the overall risk of bias is high. Further validation of the performance of each model is needed, while further development of risk prediction models suitable for different populations (such as elderly patients, women, different races or regions) is still needed.

This paper reviews the investigation of examining a child without protective equipment exposed to an exceptionally large radiation field, in order to provide a reference for the investigation and handling of similar cases in the future. Based on the analysis of the way of obtaining evidence and the application of law, the authors put forward some suggestions, such as improving the standards, laws, and regulations related to radiation, enhancing the protective facilities, standardizing the law enforcement procedures, and strengthening the publicity and training of radiation hygiene. The health-related rights and interests of the examinees shall be effectively protected.