BACKGROUND:Static cold storage is the main storage method of liver transplantation in the past 40 years. There are success cases in foreign countries about the use of mechanical reperfusion in liver transplantation, but there is no large-scale development in China. OBJECTIVE:To investigate and compare the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors in isolated liver between static cold storage and hypothermic machine perfusion before and after liver transplantation. METHODS:There were donor group, static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group in the study, and 30 dogs were in each group. Liver specimens from donor dogs were subjected to static cold storage and then transplanted into dogs in the static cold storage group. Liver specimens from dogs in the static cold storage group were subjected to hypothermic machine perfusion and then transplanted into dogs in the hypothermic machine perfusion group. Liver specimens from dogs in the hypothermic machine perfusion were used in other experiments. Dogs in the donor group were euthanatized. After liver transplantation, 20 dogs from static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group were selected respectively for further study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the liver was separated from the dogs, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis factors had no significant difference in the static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group (P > 0.05). P53 expression in these two groups had no significant difference before and after transplantation (P > 0.05). Interleukin-1βand interleukin-8 in these two groups had no significant difference before transplantation (P > 0.05). Compared with the static cold storage group, expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, CC chemokine ligand 20 and FASR were significantly lower in the hypothermic machine perfusion group before transplantation (P< 0.01). Compared with the static cold storage, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, CC chemokine ligand 20, FASR and nuclear factor-κB were reduced significantly in the hypothermic machine perfusion group at 60 minutes after transplantation (P < 0.01). Taken together, hypothermic machine perfusion can significantly reduce inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis factor, which is conducive for liver transplantation.

The ultrastructure of dissociated brain nerve cells from embryonic chicken cult ivated in vitro was studied both under SEM and TEM. Primitive synaptic junctions among the bipolar and multipolar neuronal cell bodies and its processes forming networks of fibers appeared after 4 days of culture. The presynaptic bags and desmosome-like cell junctions were observed simutaneously. Axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and axo-axonal synapses increased in number after 7 days of incubation onwards. Neuronal degeneration and proliferation of fibrous glial cells were evident in10 and 14 days cultures.

Objective To investigate the relationship between blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in patients with differents ages and sex.Methods Blood pressure and clinical electrocardiogram findings were statistically analyzed in 1 268 patients ≥60 years old and 1 276

Streptolysin S (SLS),one of the important virulence factors of Streptococcus,exist in several kinds of human and animal pathogenic bacterial,including Streptococcus pyogenes,Strepstococcus iniae and Streptococcus anginosus.SLS is a peptide toxin encoded by nine consecutive genes (sagA-sagⅠ).The functions of SLS include contributing pathogenic bacterium to pass through epithelial barrier,causing tissue damage,resisting to phagocytic clearance of host immune cells and interacting with other virulence factors.In addition,SLS as a signaling molecule of cell quorum sensing is involved in regulating the expression with other virulence factors.This paper summarized the structures and the biological functions of SLS in Streptococcus infection.

Cyclin D is the most closely relationship with tumor ,and it is currently known one of the sub-types of cyclins.CyclinD1,as a positive regulatory factor ,has an important role in the process of cell cycle ,espe-cially in cell proliferation and division .CyclinD1 is unusually up-regulated in lots of human cancers .CyclinD1 is a recently discovered protein which is highly expressed in the urinary tumors ,and its expression in tumors is asso-ciated with a more aggressive phenotype ,prognosis and recurrence .Therefore,the research of the target point to CyclinD1 in the urinary tumors may provide a new method for the therapy to urinary tumors .

With light and electron microscope, we studied the morphology of the thymus of the neonatal mouse. The results showed: 1.the lobules of the thymus had not well developed and there was no distinct demarcation between the cortex and medulla; 2.a cyst composed of epithelial cells with microvilli or cilia might be frequently seen in the medulla; 3.occasionally small lymphocytes with some glycogen particles in their cytoplasm were observed; 4.only a few small-sized thymic corpusles existed in the medulla, The article also described the ultrastructure of the lymphocytes, epithelial reticular cells, macrophage, interdigitating cell and blood-thymus barrier in the thymus of the neonatal mouse.

BACKGROUND: At present, the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and osteoprotagerin remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteoprotagerin changes in patients with 2 type diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: Totally 104 patients with 2 type diabetes were divided following 5 groups according to glomerular filtration rate: simple diabetes, mild renal injury, moderate renal injury, severe renal injury, and renal failure groups. Additional 20 healthy people were selected as the control group. The level of serum osteoprotegerin was measured by ELISA. Meantime, levels of serum calcium, phosphonium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and glycosylatad hemoglobin were measured by. the automatic biochemistry analyzer. The bone mineral density of entopic L_(2-4) was determined by dual X-ray bone density equipment. The whole data was analyzed by multiple regression correlation analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The level of serum osteoprotegerin in patients with diabetic nephropathy was obviously greater than that of the healthy people (P < 0.05), but BMD of the mild renal injury, moderate renal injury, severe renal injury, and renal failure groups was obviously lower than that of the healthy people (P < 0.05). Generally, the worse renal function accompanied by higher osteoprotegerin level, and lower BMD. There was a negative correlation between ostaoprotegerin level and BMD in patients with diabetic nephropathy (r=-0.497, P < 0.01). However, the relationships between osteoprotegedn level and diabetic duration (r=0.566, P < 0.01), serum creatinine level (r=0.772, P < 0.01), serum urea nitrogen level (r=0.708, P < 0.01), serum phosphonium level (r=0.329, P < 0.01), or serum intact parathyroid hormone level (F=0.702, P < 0.01) were positive. Meantime, the serum phosphonium level had negative correlation to serum calcium level (r=-0.505, P < 0.01). it demonstrated that when the renal function got worse in diabetic nephropathy patients, the serum osteoprotegerin level was increasing accompanied by BMD decreasing. The osteoprotegerin level presents a negative correlation to BMD and serum calcium level, but positive to diabetic duration, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, serum phosphonium and serum intact parathyroid hormone levels.

Objective To explore the expressions of CK20, S100A7 and substance P (SP) in different stages of psoriatic lesions and their relationship. Methods A total of 19 patients, who had received irregular treatment for psoriasis and had both progressive and healed psoriatic lesions, were enrolled in this study. Skin tissue specimens were obtained from perilesional normal skin, progressive lesions and healed lesions of these patients and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of expressions of CK20, S100A7 and SP. Results The relative expression level (absorbance value obtained from immunohistochemical analysis) was 7683.80 ± 6134.55,18305.04 ± 13171.30, 7257.53 ± 4417.75 for CK20, 8789.05 ± 6240.91, 18058.01 ± 16537.18, 9295.65 ±9310.02 for S100A7, 3242.51 ± 3775.41, 9364.98 ± 7596.64, 2910.85 ± 3349.46 for SP, respectively, in normal skin, progressive lesions and healed psoriatic lesions. A significant increase was observed in the expressions of CK20, S100A7 and SP in progressive lesions compared with normal skin and healed lesions, whereas no statistical difference was noted in those between normal skin and healed lesions (P ＞ 0.05 ). The expression of CK20 was positively correlated with that of S100A7 and SP (r = 0.779, 0.876, both P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The pathogenesis of psoriasis seems to be associated with the changes in the number of Merkel cells.

Objective To evaluate the potential feasibility of γ-H2AX foci as a biodosimetry after exposure to ionizing radiation by comparing DNA double-strand break repair kinetics in rat blood lymphocytes with that in human lymphocytes.Methods Peripheral blood lymphocytes separated from Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats and healthy adults were exposed to γ-rays,and some rats were also subjected to total body irradiation.The inductions of DNA repair-related foci of γ-H2AX,pATM (S1981) and pDNA-PKcs (T2609) were detected with immunofluorescence staining technique at different time points post-irradiation,and the status of their co-localization was analyzed.Results The induction kinetics of γ-H2AX foci in rat lymphocytes was similar to that observed in human lymphocytes.The frequencies of γ-H2AX foci peaked at 30 min after γ-ray irradiation (trst =62.64,th =28.52,P ＜ 0.05),then decreased rapidly after 6 h post-irradiation (trat =45.96,th =14.80,P ＜0.05),and the residual foci number remained only about 3％-8％ of its maximal value at 24 h post-irradiation.At 30 min after γ-ray irradiation,the frequencies of pATM (S1981) and pDNA-PKcs (T2609) foci in rat and human lymphocytes significantly higher than those of nonirradiated control (trat =21.05,25.80,th =11.07,29.52,P ＜ 0.05),and the frequencies of co-localization of pATM (S1981) or pDNA-PKcs (T2609) foci with γ-H2AX foci also markedly increased by 26％-32％ in irradiated lymphocytes of rat and human (trat =5.34,9.14,thuman =18.32,51.28,P ＜0.05).Moreover,γ-H2AX foci incidence in rat lymphocytes in vitro was consistent with that induced by total body irradiation of rat.The number of γ-H2AX foci in irradiated rat lymphocytes increased with irradiation dose in a linear dose-dependent manner,its slope was similar to that of irradiated human lymphocytes reported by other laboratory.Conclusions Rat is a useful animal model to evaluate radiation biodosimetry with γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes.The co-activation of ATM and DNA-PK plays an important role in DSB repair in the irradiated lymphocytes of rat and human.

Objective To investigate the effects of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin signaling on the human renal proximal tubular epithelial HK-2 cell injury induced by depleted uranium(DU),and provide a new enlightenment for the development of DU antidotes.Methods H K-2 cells were exposed to different concentrations of DU for 3-24 h,then the protein expressions of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1),neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and nuclear β-catenin were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The protein expressions of p-GSK-3 β(S9),GSK-3β and cmyc were detected by Western blot assay.HK-2 cells were transiently transfected by GSK-3β (KD) plasmid or treated by TDZD-8 to inhibit the activity of GSK-3β specifically.Other HK-2 cells were transiently transfected by β-catenin plasmid to overexpress the β-catenin protein.Results The percentages of KIM-1 and NGAL-positive cells increased with DU exposure time and concentrations from 300 and 600 μmol/L,and they were significantly higher than those of the blank control at 6-24 h of DU exposure (KIM-1-positive cells:t =11.06,18.97,30.49,P ＜0.05;t =6.79,16.02,85.45,P ＜ 0.05;NGAL-positive cells:t =11.78,11.37,34.29,P ＜0.05;t =7.34,21.63,36.84,P ＜0.05).In contrast,the ratio of p-GSK-3β (S9) to GSK-3β and percentage of nuclear β-catenin-positive cells were significantly higher than that of the blank control at 3-24 h of DU exposure (p-GSK-3β(S9)/GSK-3β:t =3.95,4.69,5.40,3.34,P ＜ 0.05;nuclear β-catenin-positive cells:t =4.61,6.52,36.64,14.93,P ＜ 0.05) with a maximum response at 9 h of DU exposure accompanied with corresponding increase of protein level of c-myc,a downstream target gene of β-catenin.Transient transfection of HK-2 cells with GSK-3β (KD) plasmid significantly inhibited the activity of GSK-3β (t =8.07,P ＜ 0.05) and reduced the DU-increased percentage of KIM-1-positive cells (t =24.77,P ＜ 0.05).Treatment cells with TDZD-8 inhibited the activity of GSK-3β and enhanced the percentage of nuclear β-catenin-positive cells,and it also significantly reduced the percentage of KIM-1-positive cells in HK-2 cells exposed to DU (t =6.25,6.73,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,overexpression of β-catenin significantly reduced DU-induced cell injury (t =7.48,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in regulating the DU-induced cytotoxicity of HK-2 cells.Inhibition of GSK-3β activity and overexpression of β-catenin can protect the HK-2 cells from DU-induced damage.