2.Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis grueneri in Wild Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Hye won KIM ; Hyeon Cheol KIM ; Si Yun RYU ; Kyoung Seong CHOI ; Do Hyeon YU ; Jinho PARK ; Joon Seok CHAE ; Bae Keun PARK
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2018;56(2):129-134
The cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri were detected and characterized from the cardiac muscles of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Of the 38 heart muscle samples examined by light microscopy, 10 were found infected with the cysts of Sarcocystis sp. The cysts appeared oval to spherical shape and measured 110–380 μm in length and 90–170 μm in width. A phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA sequences (1.5 kb) revealed a close relationship of the infected cysts to genus Sarcocystis. The 18S rRNA sequence of the infected cysts showed 100% identity to S. grueneri and 97% to S. capracanis. Here, we first report the S. grueneri infections in the Korean water deer.
Deer
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Microscopy
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Myocardium
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Sarcocystis
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Trees
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Water
3.Present situation and analysis of deer industry standardization at home and abroad.
Lei ZHANG ; Hai-Jun WEI ; Qun-Hong CHANG ; Fu-He YANG ; Yin-Shi SUN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2019;44(5):1064-1068
Deer is valuable all over the body,which is rich in nutritional value and medicinal value. Deer breeding and processing are very advanced in North America and New Zealand where many related standards have been published. The development of Chinese deer industry lack standard and normal management,neither standards' number nor coverage area formed complete frame structure. The international standards like Panax ginseng and P. notoginseng were more lacked. This paper makes a classification statistics on standardization organizations at home and abroad,foreign standards,Chinese national standards,industry standards,local standards and enterprise standards. The classes,contents,ages,implementation and promotion and demonstration area construction of standards were compared and analyzed. We found Chinese deer industry standards were deficient in coverage,uniformity,innovation,repeatability and support. And we give advises for the construction of industry quality standard system,organizational mobility and ideology of consumers,hoping to boost the standard construction and promote international competitiveness of Chinese deer industry.
Animals
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China
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Deer
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Industry
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Materia Medica
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standards
4.Analysis of chondroitin sulfate content of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum with different processing methods and different parts.
Rui-Ze GONG ; Yan-Hua WANG ; Yin-Shi SUN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2018;43(3):556-562
The differences and the variations of chondroitin sulfate content in different parts of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum(CCP) with different processing methods were investigated. The chondroitin sulfate from velvet was extracted by dilute alkali-concentrated salt method. Next, the chondroitin sulfate was digested by chondroitinase ABC.The contents of total chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate A, B and C in the samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The content of chondroitin sulfate in wax,powder,gauze,bone slices of CCP with freeze-drying processing is 14.13,11.99,1.74,0.32 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. The content of chondroitin sulfate in wax,powder,gauze,bone slices of CCP with boiling processing is 10.71,8.97,2.21,1.40 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. The content of chondroitin sulfate in wax,powder,gauze,bone slices of CCP without blood is 12.47,9.47,2.64,0.07 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. And the content of chondroitin sulfate in wax,powder,gauze,bone slices of CCP with blood is 8.22,4.39,0.87,0.28 g·kg⁻¹ respectively. The results indicated that the chondroitin sulfate content in different processing methods was significantly different.The content of chondroitin sulfate in CCP with freeze-drying is higher than that in CCP with boiling processing.The content of chondroitin sulfate in CCP without blood is higher than that in CCP with blood. The chondroitin sulfate content in differerent paris of the velvet with the same processing methods was arranged from high to low as: wax slices, powder, gauze slices, bone slices.
Animals
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Chondroitin Sulfates
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analysis
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Deer
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Horns
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chemistry
5.First Molecular Characterization of Hypoderma actaeon in Cattle and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal.
Haroon AHMED ; Sérgio Ramalho SOUSA ; Sami SIMSEK ; Sofia ANASTÁCIO ; Seyma Gunyakti KILINC
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2017;55(6):653-658
Hypoderma spp. larvae cause subcutaneous myiasis in several animal species. The objective of the present investigation was to identify and characterize morphologically and molecularly the larvae of Hypoderma spp. collected from cattle (Bos taurus taurus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the district of Castelo Branco, Portugal. For this purpose, a total of 8 larvae were collected from cattle (n=2) and red deer (n=6). After morphological identification of Hypoderma spp. larvae, molecular characterization was based on PCR-RFLP and mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence analysis. All larvae were morphologically characterized as the third instar larvae (L3) of H. actaeon. Two restriction enzymes were used for molecular identification of the larvae. TaqI restriction enzyme was not able to cut H. actaeon. However, MboII restriction enzyme differentiated Hypoderma species showing 210 and 450 bp bands in H. actaeon. Furthermore, according to the alignment of the mt-CO1 gene sequences of Hypoderma species and to PCR-RFLP findings, all the identified Hypoderma larvae were confirmed as H. actaeon. This is the first report of identification of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera; Oestridae) from cattle and red deer in Portugal, based on morphological and molecular analyses.
Animals
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Cattle*
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Deer*
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Larva
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Myiasis
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Portugal*
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Sequence Analysis
6.Determination of amino acids in cornu cervi pantotrichum of different specifications.
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2013;38(12):1919-1923
OBJECTIVETo determine the contents of amino acids in Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum of different specifications for controlling the quality.
METHODThe contents of 18 kinds of amino acids were determined by amino acid analyzer.
RESULTThe correlation coefficients of 18 kinds of amino acids were all greater than 0.997, the average recovery were all between 99.1%-108.1% with RSDs less than 2.0%. All Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum samples of 29 different specifications contained 17 kinds of amino acids and 7 kinds of essential amino acids. The content of total amino acids in wax slices is relative higher. The content in first born antlers is higher than that in reborn antlers.
CONCLUSIONThis method is suitable for the determination of amino acids in Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, it provides good reference for the quality control of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Antlers ; chemistry ; Deer ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional
7.Research advances in artificial musk.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2014;36(6):577-580
Based on the milestone events in the research and development of artificial musk,this artilce elucidates the applications of the musk as traditional Chinese medicine,the protection of the musk deer,the research and development principles and strategies of artificial musk. Artificial musk is a major breakthrough in research on substitutes for medicinal raw materials derived from rare animals.
Animals
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Deer
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Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
8.Label-free quantitative peptidomics-based analysis on glycopeptides in deerhorn gelatin and deer-hide gelatin.
Meng-Tong JIANG ; Xiao-Zheng HUANG ; Shuo CAI ; Ke-Xuan ZHAO ; Ming ZHAO ; Jin-Ao DUAN ; Rui LIU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(14):3487-3493
Nano-LC-MS/MS was used to analyze trypsin digested deer-horn gelatin( DCG) and deer-hide gelatin( DHG) samples.The glycopeptides in DCG and DHG were quantified by Label-free quantitative( LFQ) peptidomics,on the basis of which the glycopeptides with significant difference in DCG and DHG were determined. As a result,5 736 peptides were identified from DCG samples,including 213 galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Gal-Hyl-peptides) and 102 glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine containing peptides( Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides),while 6 836 peptides were identified from DHG samples,among which there were 250 Gal-Hyl-peptides and 98 Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides. With over 3-fold peak area difference and highly significant intergroup difference( P < 0. 01) as the screening criteria,444 differential peptides were determined in DCG and DHG,including 16 Gal-Hyl-peptides and 5 Glc-Gal-Hyl-peptides. Then XIC peak shapes,standard deviation of peak area,and fold change were applied for further screening and 5 glycopeptides with significant differences in DCG and DHG were confirmed,which could serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing DCG and DHG. The present study provided ideas and strategies for the in-depth investigation on the discrimination of DCG and DHG and is of good theoretical significance and application value for the further research on chemical constituents and quality control of gelatin derived Chinese medicinals.
Animals
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Chromatography, Liquid
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Deer
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Gelatin
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Glycopeptides
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry
9.Seroprevalence and risk factors of Lyme disease among Korean deer farmers
Dilaram ACHARYA ; Jae Hak CHO ; Seok Ju YOO ; Ji Hyuk PARK
Journal of Agricultural Medicine & Community Health 2019;44(2):82-89
No abstract available.
Deer
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Farmers
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Lyme Disease
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Risk Factors
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Seroepidemiologic Studies
10.Quality assessment of different forms of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum based on content of free amino acids.
Yu-Shun LU ; Yan-Ting ZHANG ; Yun-Shi XIA ; Xiao-Hui HUO ; Mei HUA ; Yin-Shi SUN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2022;47(6):1587-1594
In this study, we analyzed the composition and content of 25 free amino acids in 32 batches of different forms of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum(CCP; one-branched, two-branched, and three-branched) from 15 producing areas. The clustering analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were performed based on the content of 25 free amino acids. Potential differential metabolites were identified based on VIP value. The results showed that there were 25 free amino acids in CCP, and the average content of essential, non-essential, and total amino acids was 6.13, 32.99, and 39.12 mg·g~(-1), respectively. The clustering analysis and OPLS-DA demonstrated that 25 free amino acids had different content among the three forms of CCP, of which two-branched CCP samples were separately gathered into a group. Five differential components, including glutamic acid, tryptophan, ornithine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and hydroxylysine, were screened out as potential quality markers for the identification of different forms of CCP. This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation, processing, and utilization of different forms of CCP.
Amino Acids/analysis*
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Animals
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Cornus
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Deer
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Gastropoda
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Glutamic Acid