1.Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea in a 9-year-old male child: case report and review of literature
Deepak Kumar UPPAL ; Renu MADAN ; Nitin J. PETERS ; Amanjit BAL ; Nagarjun BALLARI ; Shikha GOYAL ; Divya KHOSLA
Radiation Oncology Journal 2022;40(3):208-212
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is most common malignancy of minor salivary glands in adults. Pulmonary MEC is extremely uncommon comprising of only 0.1%–0.2% of the primary lung malignancies and <1% of primary bronchial tumors. It is even rarer in children and literature limited to few case reports only. Here we present a case report of a 9-year-old boy diagnosed with primary MEC of trachea along with review of the literature. A 9-year-old male child presented with complaint of dry cough for two years which was later associated with shortness of breath after one year. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a growth arising from right lateral wall of carina occluding 50% of the lumen and detailed histopathological examination revealed it to be a MEC of the trachea. Patient underwent local excision of the tumor with primary anastomosis. In view of positive margins adjuvant radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions were given to the tumor bed. Patient tolerated the treatment well and is disease free at 6 months follow-up. Experience with MEC of the trachea in children is limited and optimal treatment protocols have not been defined, with current treatment mainly extrapolated from MEC of the salivary glands.
2.Clinical behaviour and outcome in pediatric glioblastoma: current scenario
Aditya Kumar SINGLA ; Renu MADAN ; Kirti GUPTA ; Shikha GOYAL ; Narendra KUMAR ; Sushant Kumar SAHOO ; Deepak K. UPPAL ; Chirag K. AHUJA
Radiation Oncology Journal 2021;39(1):72-77
Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) is a rare entity accounting for only approximately 3% of all childhood brain tumors. Treatment guidelines for pGBM have been extrapolated from those in adult glioblastoma. Rarity of pGBM and underrepresentation of pediatric population in major studies precludes from defining the ideal treatment protocol for these patients. Maximum safe resection is performed in most of the cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy in children over 3 years of age. Benefit of temozolomide is unclear in these patients. Here, we present the clinicopathological details and outcome of six pGBM patients treated at our institute in 2018–2019.
3.Clinical behaviour and outcome in pediatric glioblastoma: current scenario
Aditya Kumar SINGLA ; Renu MADAN ; Kirti GUPTA ; Shikha GOYAL ; Narendra KUMAR ; Sushant Kumar SAHOO ; Deepak K. UPPAL ; Chirag K. AHUJA
Radiation Oncology Journal 2021;39(1):72-77
Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) is a rare entity accounting for only approximately 3% of all childhood brain tumors. Treatment guidelines for pGBM have been extrapolated from those in adult glioblastoma. Rarity of pGBM and underrepresentation of pediatric population in major studies precludes from defining the ideal treatment protocol for these patients. Maximum safe resection is performed in most of the cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy in children over 3 years of age. Benefit of temozolomide is unclear in these patients. Here, we present the clinicopathological details and outcome of six pGBM patients treated at our institute in 2018–2019.
4.A comparative study between light transmission aggregometry and flow cytometric platelet aggregation test for the identification of platelet function defects in patients with bleeding
Praveen SHARMA ; Man Updesh Singh SACHDEVA ; Narender KUMAR ; Sunil BOSE ; Parveen BOSE ; Varun UPPAL ; Pankaj MALHOTRA ; Deepak BANSAL ; Neelam VARMA ; Jasmina AHLUWALIA
Blood Research 2021;56(2):109-118
Background:
Platelet aggregation studies using conventional light transmission aggregometry (LTA) have several disadvantages and require strict pre-analytical measures for reliable results.We aimed to examine the utility of flow cytometric platelet aggregation (FCA) assay in detecting platelet function defects (PFDs) in patients with a history of bleeding symptoms.
Methods:
Sixty-four participants (24 patients and 40 healthy controls) were included in this study.LTA and FCA assay were performed simultaneously in patients and healthy controls. In the FCA assay, two portions of platelets from the same individual were labeled separately with CD31-FITC and CD31-PE. After mixing and stimulation with agonists, the double-colored platelet aggregates were visualized using a flow cytometer. The results generated using the two techniques were compared and correlated.
Results:
The patients’ median age was 17 years (range, 3‒72 yr) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. There was substantial agreement between LTA and FCA assay in detecting a PFD (κ=0.792). Four patients showing a Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like pattern on LTA exhibited an abnormal FCA. A functional defect in collagen binding was detected on the FCA assay conducted in two immune thrombocytopenic patients with severe bleeding.
Conclusion
FCA assay can be used to identify functional defects in platelets, with potential applications in thrombocytopenic individuals. It also facilitates the diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders with platelet defects.
5.A comparative study between light transmission aggregometry and flow cytometric platelet aggregation test for the identification of platelet function defects in patients with bleeding
Praveen SHARMA ; Man Updesh Singh SACHDEVA ; Narender KUMAR ; Sunil BOSE ; Parveen BOSE ; Varun UPPAL ; Pankaj MALHOTRA ; Deepak BANSAL ; Neelam VARMA ; Jasmina AHLUWALIA
Blood Research 2021;56(2):109-118
Background:
Platelet aggregation studies using conventional light transmission aggregometry (LTA) have several disadvantages and require strict pre-analytical measures for reliable results.We aimed to examine the utility of flow cytometric platelet aggregation (FCA) assay in detecting platelet function defects (PFDs) in patients with a history of bleeding symptoms.
Methods:
Sixty-four participants (24 patients and 40 healthy controls) were included in this study.LTA and FCA assay were performed simultaneously in patients and healthy controls. In the FCA assay, two portions of platelets from the same individual were labeled separately with CD31-FITC and CD31-PE. After mixing and stimulation with agonists, the double-colored platelet aggregates were visualized using a flow cytometer. The results generated using the two techniques were compared and correlated.
Results:
The patients’ median age was 17 years (range, 3‒72 yr) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. There was substantial agreement between LTA and FCA assay in detecting a PFD (κ=0.792). Four patients showing a Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like pattern on LTA exhibited an abnormal FCA. A functional defect in collagen binding was detected on the FCA assay conducted in two immune thrombocytopenic patients with severe bleeding.
Conclusion
FCA assay can be used to identify functional defects in platelets, with potential applications in thrombocytopenic individuals. It also facilitates the diagnosis of inherited bleeding disorders with platelet defects.