Objective: To probe the feasibility of decitabine (DAC) combined with micro-transplantation as consolidation treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Between November 2012 and September 2015, 37 consecutive patients with AML ≥60 years of age were analyzed. Of them, 19 patients received consolidation therapy with DAC followed by micro-transplantation (microtransplant group). Another 18 ones (chemo group) were treated with DAC plus priming regimen as consolidation chemotherapy in the same period. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of age, WBC count, and disease status of onset between the microtransplant and chemo groups (P>0.05). The two regimens were well tolerated. There was no difference of CTC grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicities between the microtransplant and chemo groups (36.8% vs 27.8%, χ(2)=0.347, P=0.728). The median recovery durations for neutrophil and platelet in the microtransplant group were similar to those in the chemo group (12 vs 13 days, z=1.599, P=0.110; 14 vs 12 days, z=-1.314, P=0.189, respectively). No graft-versus-host disease was observed in the microtransplant group. The 2-year leukemia-free survival and overall survival were better in microtransplant group (50.7% and 54.9%, respectively) than in chemo group (24.3% and 30.0%, respectively) (P=0.047 and P=0.071, respectively). Conclusion: DAC combined with micro-transplantation as a consolidation regimen may be a safe and promising option for older patients with AML.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Consolidation Chemotherapy ; Cytarabine ; Decitabine/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of domestic decitabine (D) combined with pre-excitation chemotherapy consisted of Ara-c, THP and G-CSF(CTG) in treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with MDS-transformed AML and prognosis-related factors. METHODS: Seventy-six patients with MDS-transformed AML treated in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2015 were selected according to treatment regimens, 76 patients were divided into 2 groups: CTG group(36 cases) and D+CTG group(40 cases). The patients in CTG group received treatment with Ara-C, THP and G-CSF; the patients received the treatment with decitabine plus CTG. The patients in 2 groups all received 4 course treatment, then received maintaining treatment. The therapeutic efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 group were compared, at the same time, the risk factors affecting the prognos of patients treated with D+CTG were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no siginificant differences in age, sex, initial blood cell count, bone marrow blast ratio, disease types, chromosome karyotypes and FLT3-ITD gene mutation between 2 groups. The efficacy analysis showed that the efficacy of D+CTG was superior to CTG, ORR in D+CTG group was significantly higher than that in CTG group (72、52 vs 50%) (P<0.05), moreover, no significant differences in bone marrow inhibition digree infeetion, gastroinfestinal response and liver damage were found between 2 groups (P>0.05). The follow-np for 2 years showed that the median survival time in D+CTG group was significantly longer than that in CTG group (19.9 vs 11.0 months) (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the 1 course efficacy (RR=3.926, P=0.015) and FLT3-ITD gene mutation (RR=4.347, P=0.004) were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of D+CTG treatment. CONCLUSION The short-and long-term efficacy of domestic decitasine combined with preexcitation chenotherapy in treatment of middec-aged and eldery patients with MDS transformed AML is superior to single pre-excitation chenothrapy, moreover the incidence of adverse reactions did not increase. The 1 course efficacy and FLT-3 ITD gene mutation are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. .
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Decitabine ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy, prognosis and safety of decitabine combined with low-dose CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS: The clinical data of 40 elderly patients with relapsed/refractory AML （69-85 years old） admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to August 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. 40 patients were divided into combination therapy group and CAG group according to different treatment methods. 20 patients of the combination therepy group were treated with decitabine combined with low-dose CAG （decitabine, 15 mg/m, d 1; aclarithromycin, 10 mg/m, d 3-6; Cytidine, 10 mg/m, d 1-14; recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor （G-CSF） for injection, 200 μg/（m·d）, d 1-14）. 20 patients of CAG group were treated by the standard CAG protocol （acralmycin 20 mg/m, d 1-4; cytarabine for injection, 15 mg/m, d 1-14; G-CSF 400 μg/（m·d）, d 1-14）. One course of treatment lasted for 2 weeks, after 2 courses of continuous medication, the complete remission rate （CR）, overall remission rate （ORR）, overall survival （OS）, 1-year survival rate, hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets improvement, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared. RESULTS: In combination therapy group the CR was 55.00% （11/20）, OR was 85.00% （17/20）, but in the CAG group CR was 30.00% （6/20）, and OR was 50.00% （10/20）. Till to February 2018, out of 40 patients 17 survived, 20 died, and 3 failed to be followed-up. The median follow-up time was 12 （2 to 35） months; the median survival time in the comtination therapy group was 13 （2-35） months, and the 1-year OS rate was 70.00%, and the median survival time of the CAG group was 10 （2-31） months, and the 1-year OS rate was 50.00%, without staistical significance between the 2 groups （P>0.05）. After treatment, the WBC and Plt counts in the combination therapy group were higher than those in the CAG group, but the Hb level was lower than that in the CAG group with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. In the combination therapy group, the incidence of lung infection, nausea and vomiting was higher than that of the CAG group （65.00% vs 25.00%, 50.00% vs 20.00%）, with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Decitabine combined with low-dose CAG regimen is effective for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML in the elderly. Compared with the standard CAG regimen, the long-term efficacy of this regimen is not different significantly, but its adverse reactions are increase, thus the preventive treatment should be given in time.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Decitabine ; administration & dosage ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low-dose decitabine on levels of soluble CD44 and GDF11, and hematopoietic function in elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with senile myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) admitted to our hospital from October 2015 to October 2017 were divided into group A, B and C according to their treatment, each with 33 cases.The patients in group A were treated with low-dose decitabine, the patients in group B were treated with usual dose of decitabine, and the patients in group C were treated with low-dose decitabine plus G-GSF, cytarabine, and aclarithromycin. The changes of soluble CD44, GDF11 levels and hematopoietic function (sTfR/E) were compared before and after treatment. The clinical remission rate and adverse reaction rate in 3 groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Before treatment, the levels of CD44, GDF11 and sTfR/E were not significantly different between the 3 groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD44 and GDF11 were significantly decreased in these groups, while the serum levels of sTfR/E were significantly increased, and there was no significant difference between the 3 groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the total effective rates of A, B, and C 3 group were 82.3%, 81.8%, and 78.8%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P＞0.05). During the treatment, the incidence of non-hemotoxic adverse reactions in group A was 8.8%, significantly lower than that in group B and C (30.3%, 27.3%) (P＜0.05, P＜0.05), the incidence of hemotoxic adverse reactions in group A was 39.4%, significantly lower than that 63.6% and 66.7% in group B and C (P＜0.05, P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Low-dose decitabine alone is effective in treating elderly patients with MDS as compared with conventional dose and combination therapy, moreover can significantly reduce the levels of CD44 and GDF11, improve hematopoietic function and low the adverse reactions. Thereby the low dose of decitabine may be a new choice for clinical treatment of MDS.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Azacitidine ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Decitabine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Growth Differentiation Factors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine in combination with lower-dose CAG regimen (G-CSF, cytarabine and aclarubicin; D-CAG regimen) in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with excess blasts (MDS-EB) and acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC), compared to standard CAG regimen. Methods: A total of 42 patients with newly diagnosed MDS-EB and AML-MRC from May 2011 to March 2017 were included in the retrospective study. 21 cases were initially treated with G-CSF for priming, in combination with cytarabine of 10 mg/m(2) q12h for 14 days and aclarubicin of 20 mg/d for 4 days (CAG regimen) and the other 21 cases were initially treated with decitabine of 20 mg/m(2) for 5 days and lower-dose CAG regimen (cytarabine of 10 mg/m(2) q12h for 7 days, aclarubicin of 10 mg/d for 4 days, and G-CSF for priming (D-CAG regimen). After two cycles of induction chemotherapy, the patients who obtained complete remission(CR) received consolidation chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Results: Among a total of 42 patients, the median age was 52.5 years (18-65 years) and 64.3% of them were male. Baseline characteristics of patients between D-CAG group and CAG group showed no significant differences. The CR for patients in D-CAG group was 81.0% (17/21), compared to 52.4% (11/21) in CAG group after 2 cycles of therapy (χ(2)=3.857, P=0.050). The overall response rate (ORR) for patients in D-CAG group and CAG group was 85.7% (18/21) and 76.2% (15/21) respectively, without significant difference (χ(2)=1.273, P=0.259). By December 2017, the median follow-up of D-CAG group and CAG group was 13(6-32) months and 15(2-36) months respectively. Finally, 10 patients in D-CAG group and 7 patients in CAG group received HSCT respectively. Except patients receiving HSCT, the median leukemia-free survival (LFS) time for patients in D-CAG group and CAG group was 18.0 (95%CI 6.6-29.4) months and 11.0 (95%CI 0-23.9) months respectively. Probabilities of 12 months LFS for D-CAG group and CAG group were (63.6±14.5)% and (50.0±13.4)% respectively, without difference (χ(2)=0.049, P=0.824). Except patients receiving HSCT, there were 2 deaths in D-CAG group and 7 deaths in CAG group respectively. The cumulative probabilities of 12 months OS for non-HSCT patients in D-CAG group and CAG group were (90.9±8.7)% and (61.5±13.5)% respectively, without significant difference (χ(2)=1.840, P=0.175). The incidences of side effects between D-CAG group and CAG group did not show significant differences (P=0.479), and the main side effects included cytopenias, pneumonia, infections of skin and soft tissues, neutropenic patients with fever, liver dysfunction. Conclusion: The decitabine in combination with lower-dose CAG regimen improved CR for patients with MDS-EB and AML-MRC, and was a promising choice.
Aclarubicin ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Cytarabine/administration & dosage* ; Decitabine/administration & dosage* ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy* ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult