[Summary] A total of 165 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups with pigmented pretibial pathes(PPP group) and no PPP( NPPP group). 50 subjects with normal glucose regulation were used as a control group(NGR group). The records of sex, age, diabetes duration, body mass index( BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose(FBG), 2 h postpradial plasma glucose(2hPG), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol, HbA1C , retinol binding protein 4(RBP4), cystatin C(Cys C)were analyzed. The results showed that BMI,FBG, 2hPG, TG, and Cys C levels in NPPP group were higher than those in NGR group(all P<0. 01). The levels of BMI, SBP, FBG, 2hPG, TG, Cys C, and RBP4 in PPP group were higher than those in NGR group(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), while diabetes duration, FBG, 2hPG, HbA1C , Cys C, and RBP4 in PPP group were higher than those in NPPP group ( P <0. 01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum RBP4 and Cys C were in linear positive correlation(r=0. 77, P< 0. 01). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve of RBP4 and Cys C were 0. 81 and 0. 78, respectively(P<0. 01). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes duration, HbA1C , RBP4 were related to PPP(r=0. 37, 0. 26, 0. 22, P<0. 05 or P<0. 01).

Objective To explore the correlation between serum complement C1q and microalbuminuria (MAU) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Two hundred and thirty patients with T2DM from January 2017 to July 2018 were selected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the MAU: group A (100 patients with MAU≤30 mg/L), group B (80 patients with 30 mg/L ＜ MAU ≤ 300 mg/L) and group C (50 patients with MAU ＞300 mg/L). The clinical data were recorded and serum complement C1q was measured by immunoturbidimetry. The homeostatic model assessment C-peptide resistance index (HOMA-CR) was calculated. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed with MAU ＞300 mg/L as dependent variable. Results The complement C1q in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and group B: (198.72 ± 43.25) mg/L vs. (173.42 ± 29.36) and (181.57 ± 35.79) mg/L, and there was statistical difference (P＜0.05). Spearman correlation analysis result showed that serum complement C1q had positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), fasting C-peptide (FCP), HOMA-CR and MAU in patients with T2DM (r = 0.22, 0.26, 0.31 and 0.38; P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that course of disease, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and complement C1q were the independent risk factor of MAU＞300 mg/L in patients with T2DM (P＜0.01). Conclusions In patients with T2DM, serum complement C1q has positive correlation with MAU, and it is the independent risk factor of MAU＞300 mg/L. The serum complement C1q may be one of the indicators of large amount of MAU.