1.Atherosclerosis of subjects with isolated systolic hypertension, and some risk factors in which affected
Dechmaa J ; Dаvaalkham D ; Dejeekhuu G ; Narantuya D
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2018;185(3):31-35
Introduction:
It has been found that morphological changes of elastic and elastic-muscular arteries wall are the main role in elevation of systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) has been found that to be associated with cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure. And according to national study of prevalence of risk factors on non-communicable disease, it found that risk of CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) is a high among Mongolian and one fifth has more than 3 risk factors of atherosclerosis. The researchers found that atherosclerosis begins relative in young people and endothelial dysfunction is without clinical signs of CVD among Mongolian.
Purpose :
To determine the atherosclerotic changes and associated with some risk factors of subjects with Isolated systolic hypertension.
Materials and Methods:
We used hospital-based cross-sectional study design. Data collection was conducted using questionnaire, body measurement, and laboratory methods. A standardized questionnaire was used according to the methodology from the “STEPs” Survey on the prevalence of Non-communicable disease and injury risk factors, body weight, height and blood pressure were measured by standard method.
Results :
In group with ISH, maximal IMT of CCA was 1.46±0.44mm, systolic diameter was 5.89±0.68mm, diastolic diameter was 6.34±0.73mm respectively which were significantly higher than normotensive group (1.21±0.28mm, 5.58±0.59mm, 5.99±0.58mm) (p<0.05). Furthermore we studied plaques of carotid artery, and atherosclerotic plaques were revealed in 69.2 percent of subjects with ISH which was significantly higher compared with normotensive subjects (p=0.003). And resistive, pulsative and stiffness indexes were significantly higher in group with ISH which represents vascular resistance of CCA. But end-diastolic velocity of CCA significantly reduced in group with ISH (p=0.015). We found that atherosclerotic index increases every year by 6.5 percent, every one mm Hg of systolic blood pressure by 3.7 percent and every year of increasing blood pressure by 10.5 percent respectively.
Conclusion
1. Atherosclerotic changes were revealed more in subjects with ISH compared to subjects with normotensive.
2. Advancing age, long duration of smoking, a high level of systolic blood pressure, having a high systolic blood pressure level for a long time and high consumption of salt intake are accelerating atherosclerotic changes of carotid artery.
3. According to increasing atherosclerotic change, blood stream velocity of carotid artery is decreasing and resistive and pulsative indexes are increasing.
2.The study regarding risk factors of cardiovascular disease among staff in “Passenger wagon depot of railway”
Javzandulmaa E ; Ganzul L ; Gereljargal B ; Dechmaa J
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;198(4):27-32
Introduction:
In a worldwide, the mortality rate of non-communicable disease is approximately 41 million in each
year which is equivalent to 74 percent of total mortality. In 2018, total of 19776 incidences per 10.000
populations were registered and in 2019, it increased to 26781 incidences which means by 7035
incidences and 26.3 percent among workers who work in railway staffs. Therefore, the risk factors
for cardiovascular disease are likely to be high among the employees of the “Passenger depot of
railway” organization, which has a long-term occupation.
Goal:
We aimed to study and evaluate risk factors of cardiovascular disease among staff at Passenger
depot of Railway.
Materials and Method:
The study was conducted by using descriptive, cross sectional design and 303 staff was chosen
by systematic random sampling method from total of 1380 staff at “Passenger depot of Railway”.
After the participants were briefed on the purpose and significance of the survey, they were asked
to participate in the survey at their own request, to explain that the information would be used only
for research purposes, and to obtain consent and signatures from each individual. Moreover, data
information was collected by questionnaires regarding risk factors of cardiovascular disorders and
performing physical and laboratory examination. Using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts for 14 WHO
epidemiological sub-regions (charts in color) 2014. That indicates 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal
major cardiovascular disease over the next 10 years in 140 participants more than 40 years old
discovered. The table divides the WHO member countries into six regions and selects them based on
which region they belong. Finally, statistical analysis of the survey results was performed using SPSS
26.0 software to determine the mean, standard deviation, and distribution percentages, determine
the group differences, and test them for P values.
Result :
In the current study, total of 303 individuals aged between 20-56 years were included and the mean
age was 37.8±8.9. Furthermore, 9.6% (n=29) were males, 90.4% (n=274) were females (p=0.017).
When assessing the 5 common risk factors of cardiovascular disease, 36.6% of the participants
reported smoking, 93.8% had inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, 81.2% did not
perform high-intensity exercise, 51.2% were overweight and obese and 29.4% had high blood
pressure. Interestingly, the determination of central obesity in normal BMI group and underweight
group showed 86.1% of the normal BMI group had central obesity, while without abdominal obesity
participants composed only 14.9% (p<0.003). Using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts indicate 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular disease over the next 10 years in 140 participants more than 40 years old discovered a majority of participants (97%) had a risk of less than 10%, whereas 2.3% of them had a risk of ranging 10-19% and 0.8% had a risk of 30-39%. Among the most
common risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 88.1% had a combination of 3 or more risk factors
and 11.9% had 1 or 2 risk factors. Unfortunately, there was no risk-free individuals.
Conclusion
1. Common cardiovascular risk factors among employees of passenger wagon depot included
inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, stress, overweight and
obesity.
2. Employees of the “Passenger Wagon Depot” need to take certain measures in the future due to
the fact that half of the year is spent on the road due to working conditions, sleep disturbance,
not being able to eat healthy and it is not possible to follow a healthy lifestyle.