Objective: To determine the clinical application value of percutaneous lung biopsy guided by ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions of silicosis. Methods: Experimental silicosis was produced in rabbits by the intratracheal administration of silica with non-exposure method. Imaging changes were observed in 36 rabbits on 60 days after intratracheal instillation of silica. To contrast with CT results, percutaneous lung biopsy of peripheral lesions was guided by ultrasound. The success rate of sufficient material, the diagnosis rate of coincidence between biopsy and pathology, and the incidence of complications were calculated. The biopsy with sufficient material, biopsy findings coincided with pathological results and no complications were defined as strictly success of the puncture. The baseline data and monitoring index were compared between successful biopsy group and unsuccessful biopsy group. Each rabbit was intravenously administrated by 10 000 U of heparin for the antiocoagulation and sacrificed by fast injection of 10% KCl through jugular vein catheterization. Specimens from lung tissue were collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed through an optical microscope. Results: Of 36 silicosis rabbits, peripheral lung lesions of silicosis were observed in 30 rabbits. Biopsy procedures were performed with ultrasound guidance in 30 rabbits. The total success rate of biopsy was 70% (21/30). The success rate of sufficient material was 93% (28/30), the diagnosis rate of coincidence between biopsy and pathology 86%(24/28), and the incidence of complications was 10% (3/30) respectively. Compared with failure group, peripheral lesions in successful biopsy group were bigger in size, closer to the chest wall, and lower respiratory rate, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in weight, heart rate, temperature and stages of silicosis (P>0.05). The pathological results showed typical silicosis nodules. Silica-exposed rabbit also showed signs of vascular remodeling with pulmonary artery muscularization, vascular occlusion, and medial thickening. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is an effective and safe method in peripheral lung lesions of silicosis. It can serve as an important technical means to monitor the evolution of silicosis lesions and provide reference for the diagnosis of silicosis. Observation of small vascular changes in silicosis nodules by lung biopsy is helpful for clinical intervention treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationships between the structure ,function of left atrial as well as cardiac biomarkers and left atrial spontaneous echo contrast ( SEC ) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation ( NVAF ) ,and evaluate its predictive value for left atrial SEC . Methods T hirty‐four control subjects and 80 patients with NVAF were included ,patients with NVAF were divided into positive group ( 30 cases) and negative group ( 50 cases) according to w hether SEC was presented on transesophageal echocardiography ( T EE ) . Clinical and laboratory data were collected ,including medical history ,cardiac troponin I ( cT nI) ,and pro‐brain natriuretic peptide ( pro‐BNP ) ,etc . T hen CHA2 DS2‐VASc scores were calculated .The left atrial appendage width ( W LAA ) ,left atrial appendage depth ( DLAA ) ,left atrial appendage blood flow velocity ( V LAA ) ,left atrial volume index ( LAVI) and other parameters were measured by T EE and transthoracic echocardiography ( T T E) ,and left atrial ejection fraction ( LAEF ) was calculated . T he clinical and T EE parameters were compared between the positive and negative group ,T T E parameters and cardiac biomarkers levels were compared among the three groups ,and ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency . Results ①Compared with those in control group ,the value of LAVI and pro‐BNP were significantly increased and LAEF was significantly decreased in negative group ( all P ＜ 0 .01 ) . ②Compared with those in negative group ,CHA 2 DS2‐VASc scores ,WLAA ,DLAA ,LAVI and pro‐BNP levels in positive group showed a significant increase ( all P ＜0 .01) ,LAEF and VLAA showed a significant reduction ( all P ＜0 .01) . ③cT nI between negative group and control group did not show statisticant difference ( P＞0 .05) ,but presented a significant increase in positive group compared with those in control group and negative group (all P ＜0 .01).T he AUC ,sensitivity and specificity of CHA 2 DS2‐VASc scores for SEC were 0 .71 (95% CI :0 .60 ～ 0 .82 ) ,73 .3% and 62 .0%,respectively .When left atrial structural and functional parameters (LAVI and LAEF ) combined with cardiac biomarkers (cT nI and pro‐BNP ) ,the AUC , sensitivity and specificity for SEC were 0 .90 (95% CI :0 .84 ～ 0 .97 ) ,74 .0% and 100%,respectively ,both enhanced w hen compared with CHA 2 DS2‐VASc scores alone ( P ＜ 0 .01 ).Conclusions Left atrial enlargement ,decreased function and elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers are associated with left atrial SEC in patients with NVAF .CHA2 DS2‐VASc scores can be used for perdicting left atrial SEC ,left atrial structural and functional parameters (LAVI and LAEF) combined with cardiac biomarkers (cT nI and pro‐BNP) provide significant increments in prediction of left atrial SEC .

ObjectiveThis paper analyzed the punishment situation of unlicensed medical practice in recent 7 years in Jinshan District of Shanghai， then suggested the countermeasures to prevent and combat unlicensed medical practice in the future. MethodsA total of 190 cases of unlicensed medical practice from 2016 to 2022 were investigated. The basic situation of the punishment，legal basis，subject distribution，clue source and individual characteristics were analyzed. ResultsThe case-filing number of unlicensed medical practice showed a decreasing trend，but the amount of fines increased obviously. The clues of investigation and punishment of unlicensed medicine practice were mainly found by inspection（32.11%） and transferred from other departments（28.42%）， while the number of complaints and clues reported from grassroots increased year by year. Medical and dental were the two major unlicensed practice，accounting for 35.79% and 33.16%， respectively. In addition， unlicensed medical cosmetology practice was increasing year by year. 78.62% of the unlicensed medical practioners are immigrants， 62.76% of them aged between 31 and 50 years old， among them 70.34% are men， and 62.76% of them have a fixed place. ConclusionThough the prevention and crack-down on unlicensed medical practice has achieved significant achievements，it is still necessary to enhance the responsibility of local administration，strengthen the inspection，investigate and deal with cases jointly by multiple departments，and implement the comprehensive supervision mechanism of the health care industry.