The fine structure of MMC-1 mouse macrophage-like cells was studied by means of electron microscopy. Electron micrographs of these macrophages revealed dark cells, light cells and empty cells according to their density. These three cell types could also be found in other cultural cell lines.The dark cells had the highest electron density. They were round, elliptical or spindle-like in shape and many protrusions were observed on the cell surface. The endoplasm and ectoplasm could be divided clearly. There Were no organelles in the latter. In the endoplasm mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosome were abundant, lysosomes, Golgi complexes and microfilaments were easily found. Nucleus with irregular shape located in one side of the cell, euchromatins were prominent, and nucleoli appeared in some cells. Light cells had less cytoplasmic processes, dilated mitochondria, abundant lysosomes, fat droplets and dilated nuclei. Empty cells had only a little cytoplasmic processes, less endoplasmic reticulum and a lot of primary and secondary lysosomes. Sparse chromatins were distributed in the dilated nucleus.According to these fine structures and the origin of this cell line the name of the macrophage-like cell line was suggested.

The phagocytosis of opsonic chicken erythrocytes which were engulfed byMMC-1 cells was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy.After incu-bating chicken erythrocytes with the serum of rabbit-anti chicken antibody.MMC-1cells were surrounded by 1 to more than 10 opsonized erythrocytes.The EA rosetteswere formed.At first,opsonized erythrocytes attached to the MMC-1 cells in somepoints.At the site of interaction of opsonized erythrocytes with MMC-1 cells theelectron dense bands which were the specialization of the MMC-1 cell plasma mem-brane appeared.Then many projections of the erythrocytes were engulfed intoMMC-1 cells.When part of the erythrocyte was engulfed by macrophage,a collar-like structure arround the erythrocyte could be seen.Partially engulfed erythrocyteslooked like a dumbbell.The engulfed erythrocytes were irregular in shape.Thedensity of engulfed erythrocytes became faint gradually.The round ring with highelectron density appeared and enlarged in erythrocytes.It was shown that the opso-nized erythrocytes which formed EA rosettes were engulfed by MMC-1 phagocyte.After engulfing many erythrocytes,MMC-1 cells might degenerated or be engulfedby other MMC-1 cells.It was proved that Fc receptors presented on MMC-1 cells.Many mitochondria were easily found in MMC-1 cells,they were responsible forenergy supplies.Extruding of engulfed nuclei from macrophage could be seen too.It was shown that MMC-1 cells had the characteristics of macrophage and it wasestablished by cell fusion of phagocyte and thymoma cell.

To establish a health management model for the population about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The model not only can screen COPD patients from the whole population in the early detection and early intervention and as early as its management, but also can improve the patient's quality of life and reduce medical costs. To make analysis on the following areas: the meaning and necessity of health management for COPD; the main contents of the model of health management, and its key points needing to pay attention.

0.05). However, the scores of belief and attitude of experimental group were higher than those of control group (t=3.03～19.89, P0.05), while the score in control group displayed decreasing trend (t=5.75, P

Objective To investigate the Chinese version of Self-perceived Burden Scale(SPBS) for cancer patients.Methods Established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of SPBS,a convenience sample of 220 patients were recruited for evaluation.Results The Chinese version of SPBS comprised 8 items.Exploratory analysis showed that the most interpretable solution consisted of 2 factors.The accumulative variance contribution which explained 61.004％ of variance of the total scale.Meanwhile,the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.874.Conclusions It suggests that the 8-item Chinese version of the SPBS has good reliability and validity,which could be used as a tool for measuring cancer patients' burden.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of health belief mode1 system nursing education on lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,incidence and quality of life in post-operation breast cancer patients.MethodsA total of 225 patients who were underwent surgery by inclusion criteria and then were randomly divided into the intervention group ( n =109 ) and the control group ( n =106 ).The control group was given routine education,while the intervention group was given health belief model system education in addition routine education.Patients were followed up for at least 12 months,and the implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,quality of life,and the incidence of lymphedema of two groups were compared.ResultsThe implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior were higher in intervention group than that in control group with statistically significantly difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidence of lymphedema was 16.5％ in intervention group,37.7％ in control group,the difference was significantly in two groups.Scores for general quality of life (107.81 ± 10.10),emotional well-being ( 19.72 ± 3.74 ),functional well-being( 18.58 ± 3.34 ),social/family well-being( 21.85 ± 3.69 ),concerns specific to breast cancer patients(24.47 ± 3.59) were higher in intervention group than those in control group( ( 101.07 ±10.54),(18.48 ± 3.63),(14.79 ± 3.22),(20.39 ± 4.82),(23.10 ± 4.78)) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Health belief model system nursing intervention can improve the implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,decrease the incidence of lymphedema and increase long-term quality of life of the breast cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the Chinese version of Benefit Finding Scale (BFS) for breast cancer patients.Methods After consent of the author,according to the flow path of scales,we established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of BUS,a convenience sample of 293 patients were recruited for evaluation.Results The Chinese version of BFS was comprised of 19 items,Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.911,test-retest reliability was 0.812,I-CVI was 0.833～1.000,S-CVI was 0.955.Meanwhile,exploratory analysis showed that the most interpretable solution consisted of 3 factors,the accumulative variance contribution which explained 55.101％ of variance of the total scale.The related validity showed that the correlative coefficient of Chinese version of BUS and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was 0.745.Conclusions It suggests that the 19-item Chinese version of the BFS has good reliability and validity,which could be used as a research tool for measuring breast cancer patients' benefit finding.

Aim To detect the effect of Bio on impro-ving insulin resistance and explore its molecular mech-anism. Methods The HepG2 liver cells were derivat-ed by high concentration insulin to establish the insulin resistance cell model, and the cells were intervened by Bio. The glucose consumption was measured by glu-cose oxidase and peroxidase ( GOD-POD) assay. The expression of PPARγmRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of PPARγ protein was detected by Western blot method. Results The glucose consump-tion was significantly decreased in the insulin resist-ance cells after incubated with 1 . 72 × 10 -5 mol · L-1 insulin ( P<0. 05 ) . 10 -5 ,10 -6 ,10 -7 mol · L-1 Bio increased the glucose consumption 135%,62%,39%separately in the insulin resistance cells. RT-PCR a-nalysis of PPARγ showed that Bio raised the PPARγmRNA. Western blot analysis displayed that the pro-tein of PPARγ with Bio was increased. Conclusion Bio can improve the insulin resistance of the HepG2 cells, and the molecular mechanism may be relevant with raising PPARγ expression.

Objective To study the protein levels of fibronectin (Fn) in the sinoatrial node tissues of hearts caused by electric shock death ,and to provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis of electric shock death and the identification of death time.MethodsUsing immunohistochemical technique(S-P method) to detect protein levels of 15 cases of human sinoatrial node following electrocution(human experimental group),15 cases of human sinoatrial node with severe traumatic cerebral injury(human control group),35 cases of rabbit sinoatrial node following electrocution(rabbit experimental group ,divided into7 groups according to different sampling time: 0 h ,1 h ,3 h ,6 h ,12 h,24 h.48 h),and 35 cases of rabbit sinoatrial node with broken neck executed(rabbit control group ,divided int0 7 groups according to different sampling time :0 h,1 h.3 h,6 h.12 h.24 h,48 h).ResultsFn positive expression rate in human experimental group was 100% while it was 6.67% in the human control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 ).The Fn expression can be seen after electric shock immediately in the rabbit experimental group,and there was statistical difference compared with the rabbit control group (P < 0.05).Distribution of Fn expression became more and more widely after 3 hours t0 12 hours in the rabbit experimental group ,and there was significant difference compared with the rabbit control group(P < 0.01).The Fn expression began to decrease 24 hours after electrocution,ancl it still had statistical significance 48 hours after electrocution compared with the rabbit control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion Electric shocks significantly enhanced the expression of Fn protein levels in the sinoatrial node tissues , and optical density of Fn positive expression has a regularity change along with the extended time of death.These results could provide a theoretical reference basis for forensic diagnosis of electrocution and identification of death time.

Aim To investigate the role of substance P in the brain of asthmatic rats.Methods Rats were injected with aluminum hydroxide and OVA allergens to prepare the animal model of asthma. Then the content of c-fos protein in asthmatic rats' brain was detected by immunohistochemical method (SABC).The content of substance P in paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the content of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in median eminence (ME), and the content of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in peripheral blood were detected by radioimmunoassay method. Then exogenous SP, SP receptor antagonist S0145 were microinjected in PVN to observe their effect upon lung function and HPA axis in asthmatic rats. Results In asthmatic rats, the content of SP increased within the PVN. The content of CRH, ACTH and CORT decreased (P<0.05).The ratio of expiratory and inspiratory and airway resistance increased. Diaphragm discharge points and lung compliance decreased (P<0.01).After microinject of SP in PVN, there was a further decrease in pulmonary function and the content of CORT, ACTH and CRH in asthmatic rats (P<0.01).While the SP receptor antagonist S0145 might reverse the change of lung function and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) in asthmatic rats.Conclusion In asthmatic rats the SP in PVN can affect the function of HPA axis, involved in asthma attacks.