Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common death mode. No test has been able to accurately predict SCD. This article reviews the risk factors and warning signs of SCD with an attempt to effectively prevent SCD events.
Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Humans ; Sinus of Valsalva ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Coronary Stenosis/complications*

Objective To explore the association of cardiac disease associated genetic variants and the high incidence of Yunnan sudden unexplained death （YNSUD） in Yi nationality. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from 205 Yi villagers from YNSUD aggregative villages （inpatient group） and 197 healthy Yi villagers from neighboring villages （control group）. Fifty-two single nucleotide variants （SNVs） of 25 cardiac disease associated genes were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. The SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze data. The pathogenicities of variants with differences between the two groups that have statistical significance were predicted by protein function prediction software PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. All villagers from inpatient group were given electrocardiogram （ECG） examination using a 12-lead electrocardiograph. Results The allele frequency and the genotype frequency of missense mutation DSG2 （rs2278792, c.2318G>A, p.R773K） of pathogenic genes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy （ARVC） in inpatient group was higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. Abnormal ECG changes were detected in 71 individuals （34.6%） in the inpatient group, among which 54 individuals carried R773K mutation, including clockwise （counterclockwise） rotation, left （right） axis deviation, ST segment and T wave alteration and heart-blocking. Conclusion Definite pathogenic mutations have not been found in the 52 cardiac disease genes associated SNVs detected in Yi nationality in regions with high incidence of YNSUD. The cause of high incidence of YNSUD in Yi nationality needs further study.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ; China/epidemiology* ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mutation

Adult ; Aortic Rupture ; pathology ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; etiology ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Torsades de Pointes is a life-threatening arrhythmia associated with a number of causes, but is very rare among endocrinologic disorders. We report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism with hyperaldosteronism due to a 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency presented with sudden cardiac arrest.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Adult ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/*etiology/*pathology ; Female ; Humans

Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome （SUNDS） is always a difficulty in forensic medicine researches. Although the development of molecular genetics promotes the etiologic study of SUNDS, the pathogenesis of most such cases is still unclear. Sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） is one of the common forms of sleep disorders, and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） is the most common. In recent years, some domestic and international researches show that OSAHS is related to the development of cardiovascular disease, which may cause cardiac arrhythmia, even sudden death. This article reviews the relationship between SUNDS and OSAHS and aims to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis of SUNDS.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Brugada Syndrome/pathology* ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology*

Sudden cardiac death （SCD）, most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs （including early myocardial infarction） happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system （CCS） is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD.
Coronary Disease ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Heart Conduction System/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology*

In the field of forensic medicine, diagnosis of sudden cardiac death is limited by subjective factors and manual measurement methods, so some parameters may have estimation deviation or measurement deviation. As postmortem CT imaging plays a more and more important role in the appraisal of cause of death and cardiopathology research, the application of deep learning such as artificial intelligence technology to analyze vast amounts of cardiac imaging data has provided a possibility for forensic identification and scientific research workers to conduct precise diagnosis and quantitative analysis of cardiac diseases. This article summarizes the main researches on deep learning in the field of cardiac imaging in recent years, and proposes a feasible development direction for the application of deep learning in the virtual anatomy of sudden cardiac death at present.
Artificial Intelligence ; Autopsy ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Deep Learning ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans

Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis*

During the past two decades tremendous efforts have been made by the medical community, especially in the fields of forensic medicine and pediatrics, to better understand the etiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of SIDS. There have been many SIDS reports from developed countries, but few from developing Asian countries. Despite a recent significant decrease in the incidence of SIDS in many developed countries, SIDS continues to be the most common cause of post-neonatal infant death in these countries. This article analyzes the SIDS data (1990-2006) from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for the State of Maryland, USA, along with review of the literature with regard to the history, epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics of SIDS, as well as the recent advances in SIDS research. The changing trends in the diagnosis of SIDS and current challenges to its forensic investigation are also discussed.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Infant ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications* ; Sudden Infant Death/etiology* ; United States/epidemiology*