Electro-acupuncture was applied for 149 perceptive deaf children. The control group included 43 deaf children treated by speical education method. Results showed that: in the group of electro-acupuncture, 53.3% had got improvement, higher than the group of special education by 23.3%. The improvement rate was higher in mild deaf group, than in severe group. It was also higher in acquired deaf subjects than in congenital subjects. In the deaf caused by “can dom hoa cuong” (aggressive fire of liver and bile), improvement level was higher than the deaf caused by “than am hu” (failure of kidney yinn). The treatment with more courses had got higher improvement than with less courses.
Rehabilitation of Hearing Impaired ; Child ; Deafness ; Electroacupuncture

OBJECTIVE: To study the validation of rehabilitation for prelingually deafened children with cochlear implant and explore the relationship between the age and the rehabilitation effectiveness, and the change of the effectiveness over time. METHOD: Thirty-six investigated prelingually deafened children with cochlear implant were divided into two groups (< or = 3 years old and > 3-6 years old) according to the age of receiving the operation. The validation of rehabilitation was assessed at different times (3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months) after the devices began to work. RESULT: The longer the rehabilitation, the better the validation (P < 0.05). The speed of the younger group (less than 3 years old) is faster than the other group by the time (P < 0.05) in the auditory perception and speech. There is no significant difference between the two groups in intelligence. CONCLUSION Prelingually deafened children should receive the cochlear implant as young as possible and take more rehabilitation training after the operation.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; rehabilitation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Osteogenesis imperfecta has been categorized as a heritable disorder of connective tissue affecting both bone and soft tissues and is characterized by fragility of bone, blue sclera, and deafness, less frequently by dentinogenesis imperfect and laxity of ligament. The goals of orthopedic management with osteogenesis imperfecta are the treatment of acute factures and long term rehabilitation in an effort to maintain ambulation. We report a case of osteogenesis imperfecta with anterior bowing of tibia which was successfully corrected by multiple osteotomies and intramedullary fixation by Sofield method and reviewed literatures.
Connective Tissue ; Deafness ; Dentinogenesis ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteotomy ; Rehabilitation ; Sclera ; Tibia ; Walking

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hearing level on auditory performance in infants with hearing aids and provide a clinical database for their hearing and speech habilitation. METHOD: A total of 32 infants with prelingual hearing loss participated in this study, ranging in age at hearing aid fitting from 3 to 34 months with a mean of 16 months. According to their hearing level, they were divided into three groups. Infants in group A were with moderate hearing loss (41-60 dB HL). Infants in group B were with severe hearing loss (61-80 dB HL). Infants in group C were with profound hearing loss (>81 dB HL). The infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (IT-MAIS) was used to evaluate their auditory performance. The evaluation was performed before hearing aid fitting and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting. RESULT: The mean scores of auditory performance showed significant improvements with time of hearing aid use for the three groups of infants (P < 0.05). The mean score of auditory performance for group A at 3 months after fitting was significantly superior in comparison with the scores before hearing aid fitting and at 1 month after fitting (P < 0.05). The mean score of auditory performance for group B at 6 months after fitting was significantly superior in comparison with the scores before hearing aid fitting and at 1, 3 months after fitting (P < 0.05). The mean score of auditory performance for group C at 9 months after fitting was significantly superior in comparison with the scores before hearing aid fitting and at 1, 3, 6 months after fitting (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean scores between group A and B at each evaluating interval (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between group A and C at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also shown between group B and C at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Auditory performance of infants with prelingual hearing loss developed significantly with the use of hearing aids within the first year after fitting. The degree of hearing loss in infants had significant influence on the development of auditory performance.
Child, Preschool ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the development of auditory performance and speech intelligibility within the first year after hearing aid fitting in children with moderate or severe hearing loss, investigate the effects of hearing level on auditory performance and speech intelligibility and provide a clinical database for their hearing and speech habilitation. METHOD: Twenty-nine children participated in this study, ranging in age at hearing aid fitting from 3 to 8 years old with a mean of 5. 6 years old. 19 were boys and 10 were girls. According to their hearing level, they were divided into two groups. 14 children were in group of moderate hearing loss (41-60 dB HL). 15 children were in group of severe hearing loss (61-80 dB HL). The categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) were used to evaluate their auditory performance and speech intelligibility. The evaluation was performed before hearing aid fitting and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting. RESULT: There was significant difference in mean score of CAP between group of moderate hearing loss and severe hearing loss before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between these two groups at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting (P > 0.05). There was also significant difference in mean score of SIR between group of moderate hearing loss and severe hearing loss before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05). How ever, no significant differences were also observed between these two groups at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting (P > 0.05). The mean scores of CAP for group of moderate hearing loss at 6, 9, 12 months after fitting were significantly superior in comparison with the score before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05). The mean scores of SIR for group of moderate hearing loss at 6, 9, 12 months after fitting were significantly superior in comparison with the score before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05); the mean score at 12 months after fitting was also significantly superior in comparison with the score at 1 month after fitting (P < 0.05). The mean scores of CAP for group of severe hearing loss at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting were significantly superior in comparison with the score before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05); the mean scores at 9,12 months after fitting were significantly superior in comparison with the score at 1 month after fitting (P < 0.05). The mean scores of SIR for group of severe hearing loss at 3, 6, 9, 12 months after fitting were significantly superior in comparison with the score before hearing aid fitting (P < 0.05); the mean scores at 6, 9, 12 months after fitting were also significantly superior in comparison with the score at 1 month after fitting (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Auditory performance and speech intelligibility in children with moderate or severe hearing loss improved significantly within the first year after hearing aid fitting. The development followed different trajectory.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Deafness ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Hearing Aids ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Speech Perception

OBJECTIVE: To learn the relationship between neural response telemetry(NRT) threshold and behavior T-level in cochlear implants patients and to learn how can we made NRT more useful for us to get the best map for cochlear implants who could not cooperate well to get the accurate behavior T-level. METHOD: Seventy-seven children implanted with the cochlear Nucleus 24 system. At each mapping procedure, vNRT threshold and behavior T-level of electrodes 1, 6, 11, 16, 20 were tested. After a time of experience and training, the children could cooperate well for test and the behavior T-level can be used for mapping. At the same time, vNRT and behavior T-level of the same electrode were recorded for statistic analysis. RESULT: Correlation coefficients (r) of vNRT and behavior T-level of each electrode were ranged from 0.40 to 0.54 respectively. The vNRT across each electrode ranged from 135 microV to 215 microV and the behavior T-level of each electrode ranged from 120 CL to 190 CL. The mean difference between vNRT and behavior T-level of electrode 1, 6, 11, 16, 20 were 27 +/- 14, 24 +/- 13, 31 +/- 14, 26 +/- 13, 20 +/- 13 respectively. The maximum difference between vNRT and behavior T-level was 65 and the minimum was -15. The group mean T-level is ranged from 148 CL to 159 CL and the group mean vNRT is ranged from 168 microV to 186 microV from electrodes 20 to electrodes 1. The NRT and behavior T-level both are going up higher a little bit from electrodes 20 to electrodes 1. CONCLUSION NRT can be used to speculate the behavior T level for young child and adults who can not do behavior test. But because of the large individual difference, the result will not always be accurate. So, behavior T-level test should be the first choice for cochlear mapping patients.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Software Design

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of aural/oral rehabilitation in the prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants, analyze the relationship between the age at the time of surgery and the rehabilitation effect, and explore the law of aural/oral rehabilitation in the prelingual deaf children after cochlear implantation. METHOD: Prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants were divided by age into 1.3-2.9 group (17 cases), 3.0-4.9 group(14 cases)and 5.0-7.9 group (26 cases). All the children were evaluated by CAP and SIR questionnaires 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after the surgery. RESULT: The scores of CAP and SIR in different age groups were all increased with time after cochlear implantation. The score of CAP in 1.3-2.9 group rose the fastest, which was lowest at the end of the 3rd month and was highest at the end of the 12th month. There were no differences between the CAP scores of 1.3-2.9 group and 5.0-7.9 group in the later test. The score of SIR rose the fastest in 1.3-2.9 group, which was lowest at the end of the 3rd month and highest at the end of the 12th month and rose the slowest in 5.0-7.9 group, which was lower than the other groups at the end of the 12th month. CONCLUSION Within one year after cochlear implantation, the younger the age, the better the effect of aural/oral rehabilitation.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Infant ; Postoperative Period ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were 1) to assess the development of open-set speech perception in prelingually deaf children who had multichannel cochlear implants implanted and 2) to document the outcomes according to age at implantation and the device type. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The subjects for this study were 23 prelingually deaf children who received a Nucleus 22 or Nucleus 24 multichannel cochlear implants and who had been followed-up for a period of 1-4 years at Dong-A University Hospital. They had no other disabilities. Open-set speech perception was evaluated pre-operatively, postoperatively for 6 months and then on a yearly basis using the following assessment materials: Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten monosyllabic word lists, bisyllabic word lists, and Glendonald Auditory Screening Procedure(GASP) sentence subtest. Paired t-tests were performed to assess improvement in the mean scores at each interval for all children. T-tests were used to examine differences in the mean scores between two groups divided by age at implantation and the device type. RESULTS: Open-set speech perception for all subjects was improved to mean 84% for monosyllabic phonemes and 89% and 88% for bisyllabic phonemes and everyday sentences respectively at 4 years postimplantation. Open-set speech perception ability was better for children who received implantation before 5 years of age than those who did it after 5 years of age at 3 years interval and 4 years interval. The performance was also better for children who received Nucleus 24M than those who received Nucleus 22 at all intervals. CONCLUSION: The prelingually deaf children in our study showed significant open-set speech perception abilities at the time of the last postoperative evaluation. Rapid improvement was noted in open-set speech perception for the children who had Nucleus 24M implanted before 5 years of age. In order to maximize the effects of access to auditory stimuli provided by the cochlear implant on the development of open-set speech perception, a structured postoperative schedule of programming and rehabilitation is recommended in addition to the optimal educational environment.
Appointments and Schedules ; Child* ; Cochlear Implants* ; Deafness ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Rehabilitation ; Speech Perception

This paper introduces the implementing schemes of cochlear implants, signal processing strategies and current state-of-the-art implant processors. The paper mainly discusses the key questions which would come up in designing cochlear implant system. Eventually we express our opinions about the development and further research of cochlear implants.
Algorithms ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVETo investigate the outcomes of prelingually deafened adolescents and young adults receiving cochlear implantation (CI).

METHODSThirty-three patients with prelingual deafness aged 7-33 years at the time of CI were followed up for 4 years. The Speech Discrimination Score (SDS) was tested using disyllabic words and short sentences with close-set and open-set, respectively.

RESULTSAfter appropriate mapping, sound field audiometry with warble tone showed that the warble tone threshold average (WTA) of the patients reached 25-41 dBHL, with a mean threshold of 28.62∓2.37 dBHL. At 1 year after the operation, the mean value of SDS was 70.03% in close-set word list with lip-reading and 61.18% without lip-reading, and was improved to 82.12% and 72.67% at 4 years, respectively. In open-set word list, the mean value of SDS was 77.94% with lip-reading and 67.85% without lip-reading. The safety and the benefits-cost evaluation of CI for prelingually deafened school age children and adolescents had been recognized by 90.9% of the families involved.

CONCLUSIONThese patients can obtain appropriate speech discrimination scores with improved quality of life after CI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; rehabilitation ; Deafness ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult