Oral solid rapidly-disintegrating dosage form has aroused general concern increasingly because of its characteristics about convenient taking, rapid absorption, high bioavailability and not serious adverse drug reaction. This article introduced its mechanism, which was rapid disintegration, fast dissolution or the promoting dissolving action of supplementary material. This dosage form included dispersible tablets, fast dissolving tablets, fast releasing tablets, droppills, granules and tablets by solid dispersible technology, quick-liquefying chewable tablets and dry elixir. It will become a new way for promoting bioavailability in traditional Chinese medicine difficultly-dissolving composition, create up a new dosage form for treating emergency case by traditional Chinese medicine and give a new thinking for studying new supplementary materials. In brief, oral solid rapidly-disintegrating dosage form will have good prospect in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
Administration, Oral ; Capsules ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Porosity ; Povidone ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Fourteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract by silica gel, MCI, and ODS column chromatography. These compounds were respectively identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), (+)-catechin (3), fraxin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), methyl gallate (7), ethyl gallate (8), apocynol A (9), baccatin (10), cerevisterol (11), ellagic acid (12), 3, 3',4'-tri-0-methylellagic acid(13) and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninyl-N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninate(14) by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures. Except for gallic acid (6), all other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 6 showed moderate anti-proliferation activities on tumor cells.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To evaluate the automated segmentation algorithm for detection of intra - retinal layers to process images obtained from ultra- high resolution optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Graph theory and the shortest path search based on dynamic programming were applied to automatically segment the 8 intra - retinal layers. We experimentally verified the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. The results showed that the intra-retinal layer boundaries between automated and manual segmentations matched well. The algorithm successfully segmented the intra- retinal layers in glaucoma, high myopia, and retinitis pigmentosa patients. The proposed automatic segmentation for intra-retinal layers provides a promising tool for quantitative analysis in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the metabolic transformation and the absorbed metabolites of ophiopognin saponin D' (OD') given orally in rats.

METHODThe contents of both original OD' and its metabolites were detected by means of HPLC-ELSD and the metabolites of OD' in blood and urine were measured by use of TLC and HPLC-MS in vivo.

RESULTOD' could be metabolized by intestinal bacteria in rats. The content of diosgenin, one of the metabolites, increased gradually as the time passed.

CONCLUSIONOD' can be metabolized in intestine of rat and its metabolite, diosgenin, was absorbed in blood of rat.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Diosgenin ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Male ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shourong compound formula on treating Parkinson's disease.

METHODParkinson's disease model mice induced by reserpine was used and by HPLC-ED the levels of Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were determined.

RESULTMadopar could increase the levels of DA in brain of PD mice. The effect of madopar together with Sourong compound formula was better than that of madopar(P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONShourong compound formula together with madopar has synergic effect on increase of DA level in brain and can reduce clinic dose of madopar so that side effect of madopar can be decreased.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ; metabolism ; Animals ; Benserazide ; pharmacology ; Brain ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid ; metabolism ; Levodopa ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reserpine

OBJECTIVETo explore the best technique parameters on preparing ophiopogon japonicus saponin enteric microsphere by spray drying technique.

METHODThe best technique parameters were investigated by orthogonal experimental design and by the target, such as surface appearances, encapsulated efficiency, etc.

RESULTThe best technique parameters included the inlet temperature (90 degrees C ), the feeding speed (10 mL x min(- 1)), and the rotate speed of atomizer (50 r x min(-1)).

CONCLUSIONOphiopogon japonicus saponin enteric microsphere accorded with the expecting demand. The main influencing factor was inlet temperature . It is suitable to industrialize in preparing Traditional Chinese Medicine microsphere.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microspheres ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic characteristics of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and their metabolin changes in brain during the development of exercise-induced central fatigue.

METHODSCoupling of microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence detection method were used to continuously monitored the changes of DA, tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in striatum extracellular fluid during the exhaustive exercise and recovery time.

RESULTSThe concentrations of Trp, 5-HT, 5-HIAA in striatum extracellular fluid had no remarkable changes in the early time of exercise (P < 0.05), while they significantly increased during the later time of exercise and whole recovery time (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The concentrations of DA and Tyr significantly increased over basal level in the later exercise time, exhaust and recovery time (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). DA/5-HT significantly increased in the initial time of exercise (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while decreased during the later exercise time, the nadir occurred at 15 minutes before rats exhausted. DA/5-HT slightly recovered back to basal level during the recovery time, and there was no significant difference during later exercise, exhausted and recovery time compared with basal level (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe changes of DA and 5-HT in striatum have phase characteristics. Both of them significantly increase during the development of exercise-induced fatigue. However, the 5-HT plays the dominant role in the dynamic changes of them.

Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serotonin ; metabolism

Objective:To establish a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line and to study its biological characteristics. Methods:Lung squamous carcinoma specimens were freshly resected during operation;the tissues were incubated in vitro and the cell line was named CHLH-1.The biological characteristics of the cells were studied by light microscopy,electron microsco- py,chromosome analysis and transplantation experiment.Results:Cells from the specimens of the primary tumor,the CHLC- 1 cell line and the cells from transplanted tumor possessed the characteristics of malignant squamous epithelium under light and electron microscope.The cell growth curve,doubling time and mitotic index were also observed in vitro.Nuclear chromosome analysis revealed that the tumor was a subtriploid with a mode of 60-68 per cell.Tumor nodes were observed under the skin of nude mice by heterogenic transplantation.Conclusion:The characteristics of the established cell line suggest that it is a newly established human squamous carcinoma cell line.

Antineoplastic Agents ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Mutation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

OBJECTIVEIn order to understand the normal physical growth of Chinese children, data of children aged from 0 to 7 years from urban and rural areas of nine Chinese cities in 2005 were analyzed.

METHODSThe original data of height and weight were drawn into growth curves charts by Graphpad Prism 5.0 software according to the different age groups. The children were classified into five age groups: 0-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-12 months, 13-24 months, and 2-7 years.

RESULTSThe average birth weight was 3.3 kg and the height averaged 50 cm. The average monthly weight gain was 1.0-1.2 kg and the average monthly increase of height was 4 cm in the 0-3 months group. By 3 months of age, the weight and height averaged 6.6 kg and 62 cm, respectively. In the 4-6 months group, the growth rate was reduced to a half of the 0-3 months group, with an average monthly weight and height gain was 0.5-0.6 kg and 2 cm respectively. The growth rate in the 7-2 months group was a half of the 4-6 months group. By 12 months of age, the weight and height average 9.9 kg and 75 cm, respectively. The average monthly weight and height gain in the 13-24 months group was 0.2 kg and 1 cm respectively, with an average weight and height of 12 kg and 87 cm respectively by 24 months of age. A steady growth was found in the 2-7 years group, with a yearly average weight and height increment of about 2 kg and 7 cm respectively. The formulas for approximate average weight and height in children between 2 and 7 years were as follows: age (yr)*2+8 (kg) (weight); age (yr)*7+75 (cm) (height).

CONCLUSIONSThe approximate weight and height of normal Chinese children under 7 years of age can be evaluated by the key parameters and formulas above mentioned.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mathematics