Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

The practice and exploration of bilingual teaching for the course of microbiology has been made in order to improve the students foreign lingual level and to meet the higher requirement on tip-top person with the social development. As a result,bilingual teaching is welcome,and the teaching effect is so distinct that the aim was reached to either study the fundamental knowledge or enhance the English level.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mortality trends and disease burden of malignant tumors in rural area of Feicheng city from 2000 to 2010, and to provide basic information for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors in this area.

METHODSThe data of cancer mortality from 2000 to 2010 from Feicheng Cancer Registry database were checked. Mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, potential years of life Iost (PYLL), standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL) and other indexes were calculated and analyzed. The trend of the standardized rates transformed by the natural logarithm over time was assessed by Prais-Winsten regression method in which the errors was assumed to follow a first-order autoregressive process. STATA 12.0 was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSIn average, the crude mortality rate was 199.67 per 100 000 (264.69 per 100 000 in males and 137.24 per 100 000 in females), and the standardized mortality rate was 157.00 per 100 000 (200.49 per 100 000 in males and 101.31 per 100 000 in females). There were no significant changes in the trends of all standardized rates. For males, the mortality rates of lung and colorectal cancers increased significantly, and for females, the rates of lung and breast cancers had increased trend while the rate of esophageal cancer showed a downward trend. There were no statistically significant changes in other main malignant tumors. During 2000 to 2010, the PYLL of malignant tumors in Feicheng was 183 685.0 person-years, and PYLL rate was 23.3 per 1000. The SPYLL was 153 091.0 person-years, SPYLL rate was 19.4 per 1000, and AYLL was 14.8 years.

CONCLUSIONSThere are no obvious changes in the trends of standardized mortality rates in rural area of Feicheng over the past 11 years. For males, the mortality of lung cancer and colorectal cancer is increasing, and for females, the rates of lung and breast cancers have an increasing trend while the rate of esophageal cancer shows a decreasing trend. The prevention and control of digestive malignant tumors, lung cancer and breast cancer are getting seriously important and should be the focal point in this issue.

Breast Neoplasms ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; trends ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; Male ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Rural Population

Objective　To observe the changes of the concentration of Ca2+, contents of cAMP, CaM and activity of Ca2+/CaM-PK II in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells after combined soman and hypoxia injury. Methods　The changes of ［Ca2+］, and activity of CaM, cAMP and Ca2+/CaM-PK II in PC12 cells were studied after combined soman and hypoxia injury with radioimmunoassay. Results　The changes of ［Ca2+］, the contents of CaM, cAMP were significantly higher in hypoxic and soman intoxicated group than in soman intoxicated group and control group under hypoxia; but the activity of Ca2+/CaM-PK Ⅱ were significantly decreased. Conclusion　［Ca2+］, CaM, cAMP and Ca2+/CaM-PK Ⅱ exert important role in the damage of PC12 after combined soman and hypoxia injury.

Objective To investigate the present prevalence state of children's Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Xinghai county of Qinghai province,a relative active KBD area in 2009,and to investigate their nutritional selenium level of local children and the T-2 toxin contamination level in their staple food.Methods Right hand X-ray photographs of children aged 7 - 12 in Shang,Zhong and Xia villages of Tangnaihai countryside in Xinghai county were taken.X-ray diagnosis was carried out according to the Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin Beck Disease (GB 16003-1995 ).Selected samples (children's hair,drinking water and their staple food) were collected according to X-ray film taken.Selenium contents in hair,drinking water and staple food samples were measured by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence,and T-2 toxin in staple food sample was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits.ResultsTotal X-ray detection rate of children KBD was 12.20％(31/254) and KBD positive rate of children in Xia village was up to 14.97％(22/147),Shang village was up to 9.52％(6/63),and Zhong village was up to 6.82％ (3/44).The selenium level in children's body and outer environment was very low,namely,the selenium content in hair,drinking water,wheat and flour was (0.250 ± 0.136)mg/kg,(0.156 ± 0.046)μg/L,(0.0045 ± 0.0030)mg/kg,and (0.0067 ± 0.0116)mg/kg,respectively.The T-2 toxin level was relatively high in children's staple food,which was (78.91 ± 46.17)μg/kg in wheat and (47.47 ± 46.47)μg/kg in flour.Conclusions In relative active KBD areas of Xinghai county of Qinghai province,the children's selenium nutritional level is low,and the T-2 toxin contamination level in their staple food is relatively high,which is consistent with the distribution of local children's KBD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of serum levels of chitinase-3-like-1 protein (YKL-40) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), to explore its correlation with its severity, and to observe the effects of Guizhi Fuling Decoction (GFD) on levels of blood lipids, YKL-40, and hs-CRP.

METHODSRecruited were 72 patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) at Department of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from August 2010 to June 2011. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (36 cases) and the control group (36 cases). All patients were treated by routine treatment, but patients in the treatment group took GFD additionally. The course of treatment was four weeks. According to the severity degree, all patients were graded to four ranks: low-risk group of UA, medium-risk group of UA, high-risk group of UA, and NSTEMI. The levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP, and the correlation of severity degree were analyzed. Before and after treatment levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Before treatment, at two weeks, and after treatment the serum levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were detected. The relationship of YKL-40, hs-CRP and the severity of the disease were analyzed.

RESULTSLevels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with the severity of the disease respectively (r = 0.729, P < 0.05; r = 0.655, P < 0.05). The positive correlation also existed between YKL-40 and hs-CRP (r = 0.848, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the levels of blood lipids, YKL-40, or hs-CRP between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP significantly decreased in both groups after two weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, YKL-40, and hs-CRP significantly decreased, while the HDL-C level increased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The level of HDL-C in the treatment group was higher, while levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were lower after treatment, when compared with the control group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of anti-inflammation and adjusting blood lipids by Western medicine, GFD could further reduce the serum levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP of ACS patients, elevate the HDL-C level, and play anti-atherosclerosis effects.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Adipokines ; blood ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lectins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression in rat neurons induced by 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) and to screen for the RF EMF-responsive genes.

METHODSNewly-born SD rats in 24 hours were sacrificed to obtain cortex and hippocampus neurons. The cells were divided randomly into two groups: the experiment group (the irradiation group) and the control group (the false irradiation group). In the irradiation group, after twelve days' culture, neurons were exposed to 1.8 GHz RF EMF modulated by 217 Hz at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg for 24 hours (5 minutes on/10 minutes off) while in the false control group, the neurons were put in the same waveguide as in the irradiation group, but were not exposed to any irradiation. The total RNA was isolated and purified immediately after exposure. The affymetrix rat neurobiology U34 assay was used for detecting the changes in gene expression profile according to the manufacturer's instruction. RF EMF-responsive candidate gene was confirmed by using ribonuclease protection assay (RPA).

RESULTSAmong 1200 candidate genes, the expression levels of 34 genes were up or down regulated. Microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2) gene was selected as the candidate and subjected to further analysis. RPA data clearly revealed that Map2 was statistically significantly up-regulated after neurons were exposed to the RF EMF (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe modulation of gene expression and function of Map2 as a neuron specific cytoskeleton protein is crucial to maintain the normal framework and function of neurons. The finding that 1.8 GHz RF EMF exposure increases the expression of Map2 might indicate some unknown effects of RF EMF on neurons.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Phone ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Down-Regulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Neurons ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Radio Waves ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo inquire into the therapeutic effectiveness of free iliac crest grafts with periosteum on old acetabular defects.

METHODSFrom February 1996 to June 2005, 9 patients were treated with free iliac crest grafts with periosteum to reconstruct old acetabular defects. There were 7 males and 2 females and the average age was 41.3 years. The acetabular defects were caused by traffic accidents in 6 cases and fall injury in 3 cases. The time from injury to treatment was 4-13 months and averaged 8 months. Intraoperatively we firstly removed the acetabular fracture fragments of the posterior wall. The femoral head was then reduced. Bone graft was harvested from the iliac crest with periosteum, which was sculpted with a rongeur to conform to the defect. The concave (iliac fossa) side of the graft was placed toward the femoral head. The graft was securely fixed by two to three leg screws.

RESULTSPostoperative syndrome was not found in any of the cases. Harris' score system showed that the score raised from 32.3 points preoperatively to 81 points postoperatively. The hip function was evaluated as excellent in 3 cases, good in 4 cases and fair in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough this procedure could not exactly reproduce the anatomy of the hip joint, it enables to restore the posterior stability, provide bone-stock for the hip joints and prevent dislocation of the femoral head.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Regeneration ; Cartilage, Articular ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between cystatin C and cerebral infarction and explore the role of cystatin C in the protection against cerebral infarction.

METHODEighty-three patients with cerebral infarction and 71 randomly selected age- and gender-matched patients in the Department of Neurology (control group) were enrolled in this study. Fasting whole blood (3 ml) was obtained from the patients in both groups and the sera were separated to determine the levels of cystatin C using particle reinforced immunoturbidimetric assay.

RESULTSThe serum cystatin C level was significantly lower in the cerebral infarction group than in the control group (1.62-/+0.31 vs 2.23-/+0.22 mg/L, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCystatin C is closely related to cerebral infarction probably as a protective factor against cerebral infarction.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; metabolism ; Cystatin C ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the on effects of anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory and pyretolysis of Oxalis griffithii, it is possible safety.

METHODThe mice model was established by xylene (auricle smear method) and carrageenin (injection under the aponeuroses) respectively, rat febrile model was builded by 2,4-dintrophenol injection, and observe the effects of anti-bacteria in vitro that contracted by Staph aureus, Escherichia, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Aeruginosa. The mice model of experiment study on urgent poison effects (injection under the aponeuroses).

RESULTIt was found that the mouse ear edema induced by xylene, the increased vascular permeability caused by xylene were all significantly suppressed by Oxalis griffithii. At the same time, it could depressed the rat fervescence by 2,4-dinitrophenol. In addition, it has effect on fighting against Escherichia coli in cavum abdominis of mice. Oxalis griffithii hasn't canker affect.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that Oxalis griffithii had the effects of antinflammatory, pyretolysis, and safety.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Capillary Permeability ; drug effects ; Carrageenan ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Edema ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Escherichia coli Infections ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fever ; drug therapy ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley