Background Research showed that the morbidity rate of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Mongolian population is 3.02 times more than Han nationality population.To understand the cause and mechanism of PACG in Mongolia is of an important significance.Objective This study was to investigate the pathogenesis of Mongolian PACG.Methods Thirty-two eyes of 32 PACG patients in Mongolia and 40 eyes of 40 PACG patients of Han peoples were included in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital according to the diagnosis criteria of glaucoma group of Chinese Medical Ophthalmology Association (version 1987),and 13 eyes of 13 normal Mongolia and 17 eyes of 17 normal Han peoples who suffered with ocular truma were recruited as controls.Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured before surgery.The trabecular meshwork tissue was obtained from all the eyes during the operation.Annexinv-FITC/PI double staining was performed and the apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was tested with flow cytometry.Written informed consent was obtained initial of the study.Results The IOP value in Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mengolia normal group and Han normal group was (35.97±7.11)mmHg,(38.70± 6.82) mmHg,(14.69 ± 2.91) mmHg and (13.59 ± 2.91) mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups(F=106.144,P=0.000),and the IOP was significantly higher in the Mengolia PACG group and Han PACG group than the normal groups(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (7.14±0.67)％,(5.40±0.69) ％,(5.86±0.91) ％ and(2.29±0.65) ％ in the Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mongolia normal group and Han normal group,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F =174.888,P =0.000),and apoptosis rate of the Mongolia PACG group was significantly higher than that of the Han PACG group and the Mongolia normal group (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the Mongolia PACG group and the Han PACG group or between the Mongolia normal group and Han normal group (P＞0.05).The cell apoptosis rate was increased with the elevation of IOP (b =0.990,F=10.209,P =0.009) with the regression equition Y =2.788 +0.092X.Conclusions The apoptosis rate of trabecula cells in Mongolian is higher than Han people.If these results are associated with the high incidence of Mengolia PACG is worth of study.

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 in rat model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL).

METHODSThe AFL rats models were established by administering the drinking water with 40%(v/v) ethanol, and the changes of pathology in liver and hepatocyte P450IIE1 expression, as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (VitE) in liver were detected and compared with those in the control group.

RESULTSFatty degeneration in liver recovered normally in the CHC-treated group. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization examination showed that CHC could inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly, and restore the contents of MDA, SOD, GSH, VitE to nearly normal range.

CONCLUSIONCHC can prevent AFL through inhibiting the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different dose microwave radiation on protein components of cultured rabbit lens, and analyze the mechanisms of lens injury caused by microwave radiation.

METHODSCultured rabbit lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 mW/cm(2) for 8 hours in vitro. The transparency of lens was observed. Changes of protein concentration were detected after different lens protein components were extracted, including water-soluble protein (WSP), urea soluble protein (USP), alkali soluble protein (ASP) and sonicated protein (SP). The influence of microwave radiation on WSP was analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and coomassie-blue staining.

RESULTSTransparency of lens decreased after radiation. There was obvious opacification of lens cortex after 5.00 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 8 hours. After 1.00, 2.00 and 5.00 mW/cm(2) radiation, the percentage of WSP decreased while USP increased obviously. There was no change of ASP. The percentage of SP decreased when the power of microwave was 5.00 mW/cm(2). The low molecular weight protein of WSP decreased while high molecular weight protein increased after microwave radiation.

CONCLUSIONMicrowave radiation higher than 1.00 mW/cm(2) can affect the proportion of WSP and USP in cultured rabbit lens, and cause changes of lens transparency and refractive power, which leads to lens opacity.

Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect and safety of the no-flip method versus the external method in Shang Ring circumcision.

METHODSWe searched relevant randomized controlled trials published in China and abroad comparing the no-flip method and external method of Shang Ring circumcision. Based on the Cochrane Handbook for systematic review, two reviewers independently eval- uated the quality of the included studies and abstracted relevant data, followed by a meta-analysis using the statistical software Review Manager 5.1.0.

RESULTSTotally 7 studies with 1 200 cases were included. Compared with the external method, the no-flip method was associated with a lower total rate of complications (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.87, P = 0.02), a lower incidence of postop- erative edema (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.81, P = 0.02), and a lower 24 h postoperative pain score (MD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.14, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe no-flip method of Shang Ring circumcision was superior to the external method for its advantages of fewer complications, lower incidence of postoperative edema, and mild postoperative pain. However, our findings need further support by more high-quality randomized controlled trials.

China ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Edema ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the DNA damage of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) caused by acute exposure to low-power 217 Hz modulated 1.8 GHz microwave radiation and DNA repair.

METHODSCultured LECs were exposed to 217 Hz modulated 1.8 GHz microwave radiation at SAR (specific absorption rate) of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 W/kg for 2 hours in an sXc-1800 incubator and irradiate system. The DNA single strand breaks were detected with comet assay in sham-irradiated cells and irradiated cells incubated for varying periods: 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after irradiation. Images of comets were digitized and analyzed using an Imagine-pro plus software, and the indexes used in this study were tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM).

RESULTSThe difference in DNA-breaks between the exposure and sham exposure groups induced by 1 and 2 W/kg irradiation was not significant at every detect time (P > 0.05). As for the dosage of 3 and 4 W/kg there was difference in both group immediately after irradiation (P < 0.01). At the time of 30 min after irradiation the difference went on at both group (P < 0.01). However, the difference disappeared after one hour's incubation in 3 W/kg group (P > 0.05), and existed in 4 W/kg group.

CONCLUSIONNo or repairable DNA damage was observed after 2 hour irradiation of 1.8 GHz microwave on LECs when SAR < or = 3 W/kg. The DNA damages caused by 4 W/kg irradiation were irreversible.

Cell Phone ; Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; radiation effects ; DNA Repair ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Epithelial Cells ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Microwaves

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible effect of exposure to GSM 1,800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its possible interference by noise magnetic fields (MF).

METHODSChinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL) were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF EMF (modulated by 217 Hz or 50 Hz, or unmodulated), 2 microT noise MF, and RF EMF combined with 2 microT noise MF for 15 min, respectively. The specific absorption rates (SARs) of RF EMF were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 W/kg. Commercial EGF (1 ng/ml) treatment was used as positive control. EGF receptors on the cell membrane were observed under a laser scanning confocal microscope after indirect immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSEGF receptor clustering was induced after exposure to GSM 1,800 MHz RF EMF modulated by 217 Hz or 50 Hz MF at SARs of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 W/kg for 15 min as induced by 1 ng/ml EGF, but not at SAR of 0.1 W/kg. And no EGF receptor clustering was found in cells after exposure to unmodulated RF EMF or 2 microT noise MF. In addition, superposition of 2 microT noise MF could inhibit the EGF receptor clustering induced by GSM 1,800 MHz RF EMF.

CONCLUSIONEGF receptor clustering in CHL cells can be induced by GSM 1,800 MHz RF EMF at the lowest SAR of 0.5 W/kg and inhibited by noise MF. The modulation of wave may play an important role in the inducement of receptor clustering after RF exposure.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Lung ; cytology ; Radio Waves ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of low power microwave radiation on lens hydration and lens epithelial cells in vitro, and detect the expression of PKC-alpha, c-fos and c-jun in lens epithelial cells.

METHODSRabbit lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) in vitro. The hydration of lens was measured after 8 hours. Morphological changes of lens epithelial cells were observed using a phase-contrast microscope and Hoechst 33258 staining. Expression of PKC-alpha, c-fos and c-jun were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis.

RESULTSAfter 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation, the hydration of lens was increased compared to control groups (P<0.05), the shape of lens epithelial cells showed shrinking and disorder and cells nuclei appeared chromatin condensation. There was no change of lens and lens epithelial cells after 0.5 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation. The expression of PKC-alpha was significantly increased in cell membrane, however, decreased in cell cytoplasm after 2.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. There was significantly increased expression of c-fos and c-jun protein compared with control groups (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONLow power microwave radiation higher than 2.0 mW/cm(2) can activate PKC-alpha by increasing its expression in cell membrane, then induce high expression of c-fos and c-jun, which may relate to cellular signaling pathway of microwave radiation injury to lens and lens epithelial cells.

Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression in rat neuron induced by 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) to screen for RF EMF-responsive genes and the effect of different exposure times and modes on the gene expression in neuron.

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted immediately and purified from the primary culture of neurons after intermittent exposed or sham-exposed to a frequency of 1.8 GHz RF EMF for 24 hours at an average special absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg. Affymetrix Rat Neurobiology U34 array was applied to investigate the changes of gene expression in rat neuron. Differentially expressed genes (Egr-1, Mbp and Plp) were further confirmed by semi-quantitative revere transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The expression levels of Egr-1, Mbp and Plp were observed at different exposure times (6, 24 h) and modes (intermittent and continuous exposure).

RESULTSAmong 1200 candidate genes, 24 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated genes were found by using Affymetrix microarray suite software 5.0 which are associated with multiple cellular functions (cytoskeleton, signal transduction pathway, metabolism, etc.) after functional classification. Under 24 h and 6 h intermittent exposure, Egr-1 and Plp in experiment groups showed statistic significance (P < 0.05) compared with the control groups, while expression of Mbp did not change significantly (P > 0.05). After 24 h continuous exposure, Egr-1 and Mbp in experiment groups showed statistic significance (P < 0.05) compared with the control group, while expression of Plp did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Under the same exposure mode 6 h, expression of all the 3 genes did not change significantly. Different times (6, 24 h) and modes (intermittent and continuous exposure) of exposure exerted remarkable different influences on the expression of Egr-1, Mbp, Plp genes (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe changes of many genes transcription were involved in the effect of 1.8 GHz RF EMF on rat neurons; Down-regulation of Egr-1 and up-regulation of Mbp, Plp indicated the negative effects of RF EMF on neurons; The effect of RF intermittent exposure on gene expression was more obvious than that of continuous exposure; The effect of 24 h RF exposure (both intermittent and continuous) on gene expression was more obvious than that of 6 h (both intermittent and continuous).

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Down-Regulation ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Neurons ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Up-Regulation ; radiation effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether GSM 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) can change the gene expression profile in MCF-7 cells and to screen RF EMF responsive genes.

METHODSSubcultured MCF-7 cells were intermittently (5-minute fields on/10-minute fields off) exposed or sham-exposed to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF, which was modulated by 217 Hz EMF, for 24 hours at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2.0 W/kg or 3.5 W/kg. Immediately after RF EMF exposure or sham-exposure, total RNA was isolated from MCF-7 cells and then purified. Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Genechip was applied to examine the change of gene expression profile according to the manufacturer's instruction. Data was analyzed by Affymetrix Microarray Suite 5.0 (MAS 5.0) and Affymetrix Data Mining Tool 3.0 (DMT 3.0). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the differentially expressed genes identified by Genechip analysis.

RESULTSA small number of differential expression genes were found in each comparison after RF EMF exposure. Through reproducible and consistent analysis, no gene or five up-regulated genes were screened out after exposure to RF EMF at SAR of 2.0 W/kg or 3.5 W/kg, respectively. However, these five genes could not be further confirmed by RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONThe present study did not provide clear evidence that RF EMF exposure might distinctly change the gene expression profile in MCF-7 cells under current experimental conditions, implying that the exposure might not affect the MCF-7 cell physiology, or this cell line might be less sensitive to the RF EMF exposure.

Cell Line, Tumor ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Radiation Dosage ; Radio Waves ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction