Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Larynx ; surgery ; Laser Therapy ; Microsurgery

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Infant, Newborn ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; therapy

Early Diagnosis ; Hearing Loss ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

Objective To investigate the clinical teaching situation by using developmental inspection of School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU-SM),and to put forward some suggestions. Methods By checking questionnaires and informal discussions,the relevant information was collected and analyzed by using SPSS statistics sofware. Results The clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM was basically satisfied.The satisfaction from internship of grade 2004 was better than that of grade 2003.However,some problems in clinical teaching must be improved.Conclusion The investigation showed that the clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM is being improving.However,in order to achieve the international accreditation standards,the quality guarantee system of clinical teaching need to be further perfected.

To investigate the application of a recently developed metallic oxide semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET)detector for use in vivo desimetry.Methods The MOSFET detector was calibrated for X-ray beams of 8 MV and 15 MV,as well as electron beams with energy of 6,8,12 and 18 MeV.The dose linearity of the MOSFET detector was investigated for the doses ranging from 0 up to 50 Gy using 8 MV X-ray beams.Angular effect was evaluated as well in a cylindrical PMMA phantom by changing the beam entrance angle every 15?clockwise.The MOSFET detector was then used for a breast cancer patient in vivo dose measurement, after the treatment plan was verified in a water phantom using a NE-2571 ion chamber,in vivo measurements were performed in the first and last treatment,and once per week during the whole treatment.The measured doses were then compared with planning dose to evaluate the accuracy of each treatment.Results The MOSFET detector represented a good energy response for X-ray beams of 8 MV and 15 MV,and for electron beams with energy of 6 MeV up to 18 MeV.With the 6 V bias,Dose linearity error of the MOSFET detector was within 3.0% up to approximately 50 Gy,which can be significantly reduced to 1% when the detector was calibrated before and after each measdurement.The MOSFET response varied within 1.5% for angles firm 270?to 90?.However,maximum error of 10.0% was recorded comparing MOSFET response between forward and backward direction.In vivo mea surement for a breast cancer patient using 3DCRT showed that,the average dose.deviation between measurement and calculation was 2.8%,and the maximum error was less then 5.0%.Conclusions The new MOSFET detector,with its advantages of being in size,easy use,good energy response and dose linearity,can be used for in vivo dose measurement.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on immune function of premature rats.

METHODSRHuEPO of 250 IU/(kg.t) or 500 IU/(kg.t) was administered to premature rats every other day for nineteen days. The control premature rats were received normal saline. The changes of hemoglobin (Hb), serum erythropoietin (EPO), red blood cell (RBC) immune function, T lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness, and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were observed.

RESULTSPremature rats showed lower levels on Hb, RBC immune function, T cell responsiveness and production of TNF-alpha compared with mature rats at birth. The postnatal declines of Hb and RBC immune function were lessened in the treated groups of premature rats, the higher dosage group of 500 IU/(kg.t) was more significant than the lower dosage group of 250 IU/(kg.t). When experiments were over, Hb of control premature rats was (7.72 +/- 0.89) g/dl, Hb of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (10.08 +/- 0.90) g/dl (P < 0.01). C3b-R% of control premature rats was (11.00 +/- 0.95)%, C3b-R% of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (17.75 +/- 1.04)% (P < 0.01). IC-R% in control premature rats was (12.83 +/- 1.33)%, IC-R% of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (10.50 +/- 1.67)% (P < 0.01). The postnatal rise of T cell responsiveness and the production of TNF-alpha in premature rats increased in the treated groups, which was more significant in the higher dosage group of 500 IU/(kg.t) than in the lower dosage group of 250 IU/(kg.t). The OD index of control premature rats was 0.159 +/- 0.014, the OD index of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was 0.354 +/- 0.050 (P < 0.01). TNF-alpha in control premature rats was (0.270 +/- 0.014) ng/ml, TNF-alpha of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (0.415 +/- 0.010) ng/ml (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS(1) Premature rats had lower RBC immune function and T cell responsiveness and underproduction of TNF-alpha at birth. (2) Premature rats had an improvement with the RBC immune function after rHuEPO administration. (3) Premature rats had improvements with T cell responsiveness and TNF-alpha after rHuEPO administration, and there was a positive correction between the RBC immune function and T cell responsiveness with the production of TNF-alpha.

Animals ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo get a complete cDNA sequence of B2 and evaluate the correlation on structure and expression between B2 and insulin like growth factor binding protein related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) in colorectal carcinomas, paired normal tissues, adenomas, tissues adjacent to the tumor, and colorectal carcinoma cell lines.

METHODS5'RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA end) was applied to get the sequence of the 5' end of B2. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of B2 in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines (SW480, SW1116, SW620, HCT8, CoLo205 and LoVo).

RESULTSA sequence of 1,125 bp was obtained by combining the sequence from 5'RACE product and the known sequence of B2. It shared 1,122/1,125 identities with IGFBP-rP1. At the level of mRNA, the expression of B2/IGFBP-rP1 was high in colorectal carcinomas, moderate in adenomas and tissues adjacent to tumor, low in normal tissues (P < 0.05). Five cell lines except SW480 showed no expression of B2/IGFBP-rP1. A significant difference was obtained in the immunoreactivity of B2/IGFBP-rP1 between normal tissue and cancer (P < 0.05). In 28.9% (22/76) samples, cancer cells locating at the invasive front of cancer nest had a stronger staining of B2/IGFBP-rP1 than those surrounding the lumen. These samples had also an increased frequency of lymph node metastases, increased depth of invasion and a stronger staining of B2/IGFBP-rP1 than in other samples (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSB2 is the same gene as IGFBP-rP1. Overexpression of B2/IGFBP-rP1 may play an important role in the initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer. Its overexpression in invading tumor cells may be linking with an increased potential of invasion.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; secondary ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo screen the differentially methylated DNA sequences between mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer (MACC) and normal colonic mucosa.

METHODSThe methylated DNA sequences were enriched by methylation CpG islands amplification (MCA), and the differentially methylated DNA sequences between MACC and normal colonic mucosa were isolated by representational difference analysis (RDA). Similarities between the separated fragments and the human genomic DNA were analyzed with BLAST program system in GenBank. With the separated fragment 1A12 as probe, dot blot was used to study its distribution between RDA products (No. 1-4 rounds), MACC (tester) and normal colonic mucosa(driver).

RESULTSTwenty-five differentially methylated DNA sequences were obtained. Preliminary studies indicated that 1A01 fragment was concerned with two different genes (LOC256866 and CECR7), it was located in the first exon of CECR7. 1A12 fragment was located in 5 flanking region of GR6 gene. By dot blot with 1A12 probe, hybridized signals were detected in MCA product of MACC and RDA products of No. 1-4 rounds, respectively. No signal was detected in MCA product of normal colonic mucosa.

CONCLUSIONThe differentially methylated DNA sequences can be isolated effectively between two different tissues with MCA coupled with RDA. Different methylated DNA fragments exist between MACC and normal colonic mucosa and these fragments may be concerned with colorectal cancer.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To introduce a new technique for urethral coverage in Snodgrass hypospadias repair,and to evaluate its effectiveness and complications.Methods From April 2003 to February 2006, this new procedure was performed in 289 children with hypospadias aged 3 months to 12 years (mean age,2. 4 years).The native meatus of urethra was identified subcoronal in 78 cases,penile/shaft in 136,penoscrotal in 36 and scrotal in 16;and 23 cases had undergoneⅡstage operation and re-operation.The overlapping coverage with bilateral shaft based vascularized dartos pedicle was done in the new urethra by Snodgrass hy- pospadias repair in these children.Results All the cases were followed for 3 months to 2 years.Postoper- atively,urinary fistulas developed in 32 cases (11%).Of them,11 were cured spontaneously within 4 weeks. The incidence of actual urinary fistula was 7% (21/289).Of the 21 fistulas which were not cured,11 (5%) occurred in 214 cases of distal hypospadias;and 10 (13%) in 75 cases of proximal hypospadias,Ⅱstage and re-operation.No dehiscence and diverticulum was found.Combined with mucosal collar technique,the ventral skin of the penis was sewn on the midline.During the follow-up,excellent cosmetic results with normal-ap- pearing circumcised penis were achieved in most patients.Conclusions Bilateral shaft based vascularized dartos pedicle urethral coverage procedure is a reliable and effective method for preventing urethral cutaneous fistulas and dehiscence.This method can reconstruct a satisfactory cosmetic appearance of the penis.

Objective To study the clinical features and prevention means of the infection caused by the highly dathogenic avian influenza A(H_5N_1).Method The clinical data which were confirmed to be an H_5N_1 infected case were analyzed retrospectively.Results The patient,16-year-old male,had no unambi guous history of direct contact with diseased or dead poultry before the onset of the disease.After the onset of the disease,chest X-ray showed flake shadow of the right lower lung quickly spread to the whole lung,associated with mediastinum,subcutaneous emphysema,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)was occurred on the fifth day.Mechanical ventilation is the primary measure in the comprehensive treatment.On the sixth day,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention detected the pharyngeal specimen of the patient by RT - PCR,Real- time PCR method and suggested positive for the A/H5/N1 virus nucleic acid andis01ated the avian flu(H_5N_1) virus.The disease course was 10 days from onset of illness to death.Conclusions Human infection by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H_5N_1)is a deadly infectious disease.If the lesions is widespread and associated with ARDS,prognosis is poor.