AIM:To study the changes of tear film and ocular surface after the coaxial micro incision 2. 2mm and 2. 8mm in the phacoemulsification.
METHODS:Eighty-six patients ( One hundred and six eyes ) from 2014/06 to 2016/01 in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Forty-four patients ( Fifty-three eyes) in group A: coaxial 2. 2mm micro- incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation;Forty-two patients ( Fifty-three eyes ) in group B: the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation. The break up time ( BUT) , dry eye symptom ( DES) score, Schirmer's I test ( SⅠt ) and lid-wiper epitheliopathy ( LWE ) score were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.
RESULTS:At 1wk, 1 and 2mo postoperatively, the BUT in two groups decreased after operations, and the BUT of group B was significantly lower than those of group A, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 3. 098, 4.512, 4.329; all P < 0. 05 ). The DES score in two groups increased, the DES score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-9. 449, -10. 029, -7. 141; all P<0. 05). The SⅠt in two groups increased after operations, the SⅠt of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 293, -4. 009, -3. 283; all P<0. 05). The LWE score in two groups increased after operations, the LWE score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant (t=-6. 542,-5. 125, -3. 632; all P<0. 05). At 6mo postoperatively, compared with the preoperative data, the BUT, DES score, S Ⅰ t and LWE score in group A showed no statistically significant differences (t=0. 659, 1. 276, 0. 548, 0.169; P>0. 05). The BUT, DES score, SⅠt and LWE score in group B showed statistically significant differences (t=-4. 063, 7. 306, 3. 621, 4. 208;all P<0. 05).CONCLUSION:Ocular surface has less damage and tear film has little influence at early stage after the coaxial 2.2mm microincision phacoemulsification, compared with the conventional coaxial 2. 8mm incision phacoemulsification surgery.

To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Acute Kidney Injury ; therapy ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical distribution characteristics and vicissitude of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), and to look for the risk factors of AB infection in order to provide reasonable reference for the prevention and treatment of its infection.

METHODSSpecimens of blood, venous catheters, sputum, wound exudates and pharyngeal swabs from 156 patients hospitalized in our burn ICU from January 2006 to December 2008 were collected and cultured. The clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of AB were determined and analyzed. The risk factors related to AB infection were analyzed. Drug resistance rate data were processed with WHONET 5.3 software; the other data were processed with chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSNinety-two strains of AB were identified during the three years from different kinds of specimens, with 41 (44.6%) from wound exudates, 14 (15.2%) from pharyngeal swabs and sputum respectively, 13 (14.1%) from blood, and 10 (10.9%) from venous catheters. AB accounted for 23.1% (30/130), 27.5% (25/91), 28.2% (37/131) respectively among the strains detected in 2006, 2007, and 2008. During the three years, except for imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam, the average resistance rates of AB to other ten commonly used antibiotics were all above 50.0%. Burn area (χ(2) = 24.374, P = 0.000), mechanical ventilation (χ(2) = 8.968, P = 0.003), duration of use of antibiotics (χ(2) = 3.981, P = 0.046), and deep venous catheterization (χ(2) = 9.170, P = 0.002) were the risk factors of AB infection, and the former two were independent risk factors.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a pan-drug resistance tendency of AB in our burn ICU, and the positive culture rates are increasing in recent years. Disinfection and isolation measures, appropriate use of antibiotics, avoidance of invasive performances such as deep venous catheterization and tracheostomy, or shortening their duration are important means to prevent and control infection of AB.

Acinetobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Adult ; Burns ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection on cell cycle and the expression of replication licensing factor Cdt1 in human embryonic lung fibroblastic (HEL) cells and to explore the pathogenesis of HCMV infection.

METHODSHEL cells were synchronized in the G0/G1 phase by the serum starvation method. The synchronized HEL cells were infected with HCMV, and those that were not subjected to HCMV infection were used as the control group. The HEL cells were harvested at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of HCMV infection. The cell cycle of HEL cells was detected by the flow cytometry. The expression of Cdt1 mRNA in HEL cells was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe cells in the G1 phase in the control group was significantly more than in the HCMV-infected group 12 and 24 hrs after infection (P < 0.01). The expression of Cdt1 mRNA in the HCMV-infected group was significantly lower 12 and 24 hrs after infection but increased significantly 48 hrs after infection compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Cdt1 mRNA reached a peak at 12 hrs of infection in the control group, but at 48 hrs of infection in the HCMV-infected group, which markedly lagged behind the control group.

CONCLUSIONSHCMV infection arrests the cell cycle of HEL cells at the G1 phase. HCMV infection makes Cdt1 expression delay. HCMV infection can interfere cell cycle of HEL cells possibly through affecting the expression of Cdt1.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; pathogenicity ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo compare the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Kazaks and Mongolians from Xinjiang pastoral area.

METHODSA randomized cluster sampling was performed to obtain a representative sample of population in Xinjiang Hefeng pastoral area. Blood was taken from 632 individuals aged 30 and older for measurements of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by automatic biochemical analyzer. The serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according to the formula.

RESULTSThe mean serum level of LDL-C was significantly higher in Kazaks [(3.68 +/- 1.16) mmol/L] than that in Mongolians [(3.29 +/- 1.23) mmol/L, P < 0.001]. The serum levels of LDL-C in Kazaks were significantly associated with mean artery pressure. The serum levels of LDL-C in Mongolians were significantly associated with body mass index.

CONCLUSIONThe serum levels of LDL-C were higher in Kazaks compared that in Mongolians in Xinjiang pastoral area.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; ethnology ; prevention & control ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sampling Studies ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the occurrence of 64,101 perinatal birth defects from 2000 to 2004, to determine the tendency of the incidence rate of birth defects and perinatal mortality, and to explore feasible and effective intervention strategy. METHODS: We investigated 64,101 perinatal infants who were born in 13 hospitals in Changsha from January 2000 to December 2004. The incidence rate of all birth defects, mortality of perinatal infants, the incidence rate of various kinds of birth defects, and the component rate of birth defects were analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether 1,050 neonate birth defects were found, with the incidence rate of 1.638%. The incidence rate of birth defects was increasing year-by-year in 2000 compared with that in 2002, 2003 and 2004, with significant differences (all P values<0.05): the incidence rate of birth defects in 2001 compared with that in 2002, 2003 and 2004, also with significant differences (P<0.05). Eight hundred seventy nine perinatal infants died, and the mortality was 1.371%. The mortality perinatal of infants increased in 2001 compared with that in 2002 and in 2003, with significant differences (P<0.05). The top 5 birth defects with the highest incidence were congenital heart disease, polydactly, auricle malformation, cheiloschisis, and palatoschisis, congenital hydrocephal in turn. The incidences of congenital heart disease and hydrocephal increased significantly. One hundred seventy seven fetuses were performed induced labor because of fetal defects from 2003. CONCLUSION We must pay attention to the increasing tendency of birth defect incidence and perinatal mortality. Strengthening environmental protection and antenatal care can decrease the birth defect incidence. Performing antenatal examination and neonatal screening regularly can discover the birth defects in time. When severe birth defects occur, the induced labor should be performed.
China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant Mortality ; trends ; Infant, Newborn ; Perinatal Mortality ; trends ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Methods for culturing two types of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from human umbilical cord blood and study their differentiation traits and the depressant effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on its proliferation. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh cord blood by 6% hydroxyethyl starch(HES) and density gradient centrifugation.Isolated cells were cultured in the medium supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF). The growth characteristics and biological features of the cells were observed at different time points and identified by morphology,immunofluorescence staining,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry.Attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of ADMA (1,5, and 10 micromol/L) for 24,48, and 72 hours. Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and quantified colony forming units (CFUs) were used to assess the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells. RESULTS: The attached cells were divided into 2 types:early EPC and late EPC. Early EPC changed from small sized round cells to spindle shaped cells and late EPC formed a typical cobblestone-like cells. Fluorescence microscopy showed that EPC were positive for both Dil-acLDL uptake and FITC-UEA-I binding.RT-PCR and FACS showed the difference of endothelial cell-specific,gene expression and changed AC133,CD34, and KDR among different times.Incubation of EPC with ADMA dose and time-dependently decreased the number and the proliferation of EPC. CONCLUSION There are 2 types of EPC from a source of human umbilical cord blood and ADMA may depress the EPC proliferation, providing a basis for further research.
Arginine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Depression, Chemical ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficiency, electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and cognitive improvements of ketogenic diet (KD) in children with refractory epilepsy.

METHODSTwenty pediatric patients (7-61 months in age) with refractory epilepsy were recruited between August 2012 and August 2013. KD therapy was performed on all participants for at least 3 months based on a fasting initiation protocol with the lipid-to-nonlipid ratio being gradually increased to 4 : 1. Seizure frequency, type and degree were recorded before and during KD therapy. A 24 hours video-electroencephalogram (V-EEG) examination and Gesell Developmental Scale assessment were performed prior to KD therapy, and 3, 6, 9 months after KD therapy.

RESULTSSix patients became seizure free after KD therapy, with a complete control rate of 30%. Seizure frequency reduction occurred in 13 (65%) patients, EEG improvement in 8 (40%) patients, and improvement in Gesell Developmental Scales (gross motor and adaptability in particular) in 6 (30%) patients. The KD therapy-related side effects were mild.

CONCLUSIONSKD therapy is safety and effective in reducing seizure frequency and improving EEG and cognitive function in children with refractory epilepsy.

Child, Preschool ; Diet, Ketogenic ; adverse effects ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diet therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence

The column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate and purify the compounds from the EtOAc extract of medium and MeOH extract of cell cultures of Morus alba. Eight compounds were isolated. Based on physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, their structures were identified as isobavachalcone (1), genistein (2), norartocarpetin (3), albanin A (4), guangsangon E (5), mulberrofuran F (6), chalcomoracin (7), kuwanon J (8). Compounds 3-6 were isolated from the cell cultures of M. alba for the first time.
Benzofurans ; isolation & purification ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Chalcones ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dextrans ; Genistein ; isolation & purification ; Morus ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; cytology ; Silica Gel ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification