To understand the present application of gene chip in ischemic brain damage,investigate the application value and the future trends of gene chip technology,the literatures on the application of gene chip in the research of all kinds of ischemic brain damage in the database including MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI and VIP were reviewed and comprehensively analyzed.Literatures showed that many differential expressed genes including the significant regulating genes in the pathomechanism and some new neuroprotective genes were found during the application in the research of brain damage including global ischemia,focal cerebral ischemia,and hypoxic ischemic brain damage.Therefore,gene chip has manifested its great application value in the research of ischemic brain damage and deserves a further investigation.

Background Measurement of ciliary sulcus distance is important for phakic intraocular lens implantation.Suowei panoramic 50-MHz digital ultrasound biomicroscopy makes it possible for the direct measurement of ciliary sulcus distance.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between anterior chamber(AC)angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance in different AC depth population and offer a clinical guide.Methods The anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were measured in 30 right eyes with shallow anterior chamber caused by suspect glaucoma and 30 right eyes with deep anterior chamber dut to the high myopia with Suowei panoramic 50-MHz digital ultrasound biomicroscopy.Three horizontal B-scans with the focal plane approximately at a depth corresponding to the iris plane were acquired for each eye.The differences of the anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were calculated and compared between the two groups.The correlation of the anterior chamber angle diameter and ciliary sulcus distance were evaluated in respective group.Results In shallow AC group,the mean angle diameter was(11.49+0.75)mm,the mean ciliary sulcus distance was (10.97±0.86)mm with the mean standard deviation of the difference of(-5.14± 0.55)mm,showing a statistically significant difference(t =-5.092,P =0.000).In shallow AC group,linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between ciliary sulcus distance and angle diameter(R2=0.593,P=0.000)and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.767.In deep AC group,the angle diameter was(12.69±0.67)mm;while ciliary sulcus distance was(12.31 ± 0.61)mm with the mean slandard deviation(-0.38 ± 0.17)mm,which was statistically significantly different(t=-5.531,P=0.000).The ciliary sulcus distance was found to be linear correlation with the angle diameter(R2 =0.699,P=0.000)and Pearson' s correlation coefficient of 0.836.Conclusions Panoramic ultrasound biomicroscopy is an useful tool to the measurement of ciliary sulcus distance.This study exhibited that the ciliary sulcus distance is significant associated with the anterior chamber angle diameter,which may offer a guide for phakic intraocular lens implantation.

Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Plasmids ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Swine

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of the primary retroperitoneal tumor (PRT). Methods A retrospective clinical data analysis was made on the 59 cases of PRT who underwent operation. Results 59 cases were diagnosed by operation and pathologic examination.In 41 cases of malignancyt ( 69.49%),complete resection, partial resection, surgical exploration and biopsy were performed on 15 cases (36.6%), 8 cases (19.5%) and 18 case (43.9%) , respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of maligment PRT with total resection were 53.3% and 26.7%,and with partial resection were 19.23% and 7.69% respectively.In 18 cases of benign tumor (30.5%),complete resection, partial resection, surgical exploration and biopsy were performed on 14 cases (77.8%), 3cases (16.7%) and 1case ( 5.6%) , respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of benign PRT with total resection were 92.86% and 85.7%,and with non-completely resection were 75.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Conclusions Operation is the main treatment of PRT. Early diagnosis and radical resection are the keys in improving the prognosis of PRT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.

METHODThe in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.

RESULTThe concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.

CONCLUSIONOligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible differences in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples in children.

METHODSSix hundred and twenty-nine samples from urine, sputum, blood and secretion were collected from June 2004 to May 2009 for bacterial identification by VITEK-32 automatic system and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by Kirby-Bauer method. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples was compared.

RESULTSTwo hundred and sixty strains of Escherichia coli were isolated , and 108 of which were from urine , 64 from sputum, 54 from secretion and 23 from blood. ESBLs were detected in 96 (36.9%) of the 260 isolates, AmpC enzymes in 32 (12.3%), and ESBLs+AmpC in 8 (3.1%). The ESBLs positive rate of Escherichia coli isolates from sputum was significantly higher than that from other samples (P<0.05). The antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains from different samples to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefepime, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and nitrofurantoin was different. The resistance rate of the strains from sputum samples was higher than that from the other samples (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEscherichia coli isolated from different samples have different antimicrobial resistance rates in children, so the selection of antibiotics for infections confirmed by bacterial cultures from different samples should based on drug sensitivity results.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; beta-Lactamases ; analysis

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.

OBJECTIVEThe determination of antigenicity and immunogenicity of Leptospira interrogans genus-specific outer envelope proteins (OEPs) will offer evidence for developing universal leptospiral genetic engineering vaccine and detection kit.

METHODSIn this study, Ni-NTA affinity chromatography is used to purify the recombinant products rLipL21, rOmpL1/1, rOmpL1/2, rLipL32/1, rLipL32/2, rLipL41/1 and rLipL41/2 expressed by the major genotypes of four leptospiral OEPs of 15 serogroups. SDS-PAGE is applied to examine the expression and purity of the recombinant proteins. Rabbits are intracutaneously immunized with the recombinant proteins to obtain antisera. Microscope agglutination test (MAT) is used to measure the cross inmmunoagglutination titers of antisera. The OMPs of the reference standard strains belonging to 15 serogroups of L. interrogans in China and L. biflexa strain Patoc I are prepared using salt-denature method. By each of the antisera as the first antibody, Western blot assay is established to detect the natural expressions and immunoreactivity of the four OEPs.

RESULTSThe outputs of rLipL21, rLipL32/1, rLipL32/2, rLipL41/1l, rLipL41/2, rOmpL1/1 and rOmpL1/2 are 10%, 40%, 35%, 15%, 10%, 30% and 15%, respectively. Each the purified recombinant proteins shows a single fragment after SDS-PAGE. Each the rabbit antisera displays extensive cross immunoreactivity between the products expressed by different genotypes of the same gene and the MAT titers ranging from 1:2-1:128. All the four OEPs can be detectable in the OEPs preparations. However, LipL21 is found to exist only in L. interrrogans.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that all the four OEPs are superficial genus-specific antigens of Leptospira which can be used as the candidate antigens of leptospiral universal vaccine and detection kit.

Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Genetic Engineering ; Immunization ; Leptospira interrogans ; classification ; immunology ; Membrane Proteins ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Serotyping

BACKGROUNDPhakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation has been a popular means for the treatment of high ametropia. Measurements of ciliary sulcus diameter is important for pIOL size determining. But till now, no perfect system can directly measure it. The present study was to evaluate the accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of direct sulcus diameter measurements obtained by a full-scale 50-megahertz (MHz) ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

METHODSA fresh cadaver human eye with a scale marker inserted through the posterior chamber plane from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock meridian and 30 randomly selected eyes from 30 normal subjects were scanned by full-scale 50-MHz UBM in horizontal meridional scan plane. The distance between the scales and the whole length of the marker inside the cadaver eye were measured by the same observer using the "built-in" measurement tools and the indicating error of instrument was calculated. Reproducibility of the measurement was evaluated in 30 eyes by 2 operators using Blander and Altman plot test. Repeatability was evaluated from 10 successive eyes randomly selected from the 30 eyes by one operator.

RESULTSOn a scale of 1 mm, the greatest indicating error was 40 microm; the mean largest indicating error of 1 mm scale from the 10 images was (26 +/- 14) microm; on a scale of 11 mm, the greatest indicating error was 70 microm; the error rate was 0.64%. The mean length of the needle inside the eye of the 10 images was 11.05 mm, with the mean indicating error of 47 microm, the average error rate was 0.43%. For ciliary sulcus diameter measurements in vivo, the coefficient of variation was 0.38%; the coefficients of repeatability for intra-observer and inter-observer measurements were 1.99% and 2.55%, respectively. The limits of agreement for intra-observer and inter-observer measurement were -0.41 mm to 0.48 mm and -0.59 mm to 0.58 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe full-scale 50-MHz UBM can be a high accuracy and good repeatability means for direct measuring the ciliary sulcus diameter and useful for size determining of posterior chamber pIOL.

Ciliary Body ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; methods ; standards ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of bitter-cold herbs easing dampness method (BCHEDM) plus Sanhuang Yilong Decoction (SYD) combined with methotrexate (MTX) on expression levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-17 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients of accumulated dampness-heat syndrome (ADHS).

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2013 recruited were 90 RA inpatients of ADHS at Department of Integrative Medicine on Rheumatoid Disease, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region. They were assigned to the treatment group (45 cases) and the control group (45 cases) according to the random digit table produced by SPSS 11.5 Software. Patients in the treatment group were treated by heavy bitter-cold herbs plus SYD combined with MTX, while those in the control group were treated by MTX alone. Expressional levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before treatment, at week 2 and 4 after treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) were detected as well.

RESULTSAfter two or four weeks of treatment, ESR, CRP, and DAS28 decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After four weeks of treatment, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, ESR, CRP, and DAS28 in the treatment group were all lower than before treatment and those of the control group at corresponding time points with statistical difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSYD combined MTX could play roles of improving inflammatory indices within 2 weeks, and inhibiting the expression of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 within 4 weeks.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome