This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of the 2025 Dingri earthquake emergency medical rescue in Tibet. It analyzes the requirements for earthquake medical rescue under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia, low temperature, and low air pressure. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the strategic layout of earthquake medical rescue at the national level, local government level, and through social participation. It covers the construction of rescue organizational systems, technical systems, material support systems, and information systems. The importance of building rescue teams is emphasized. In high-altitude and cold conditions, rapid response, scientific decision-making, and multi-party collaboration are identified as key elements to enhance rescue efficiency. By optimizing rescue organizational structures, strengthening the development of new equipment, and promoting telemedicine technologies, the precision and effectiveness of medical rescue can be significantly improved, providing important references for future similar disaster rescues.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It represents the most prevalent form of dementia among the elderly population. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Notably, elevated levels of oxidative stress have been observed in the brains of AD patients, where excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause extensive damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, ultimately compromising neuronal structure and function. Amyloid β‑protein (Aβ) has been shown to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium overload, thereby promoting the generation of ROS. This, in turn, exacerbates Aβ aggregation and enhances tau phosphorylation, leading to the formation of two pathological features of AD: extracellular Aβ plaque deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These events ultimately culminate in neuronal death, forming a vicious cycle. The interplay between oxidative stress and these pathological processes constitutes a core link in the pathogenesis of AD. The signaling pathways mediating oxidative stress in AD include Nrf2, RCAN1, PP2A, CREB, Notch1, NF‑κB, ApoE, and ferroptosis. Nrf2 signaling pathway serves as a key regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, exerts important antioxidant capacity and protective effects in AD. RCAN1 signaling pathway, as a calcineurin inhibitor, and modulates AD progression through multiple mechanisms. PP2A signaling pathway is involved in regulating tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation processes. CREB signaling pathway contributes to neuroplasticity and memory formation; activation of CREB improves cognitive function and reduce oxidative stress. Notch1 signaling pathway regulates neuronal development and memory, participates in modulation of Aβ production, and interacts with Nrf2 toco-regulate antioxidant activity. NF‑κB signaling pathway governs immune and inflammatory responses; sustained activation of this pathway forms “inflammatory memory”, thereby exacerbating AD pathology. ApoE signaling pathway is associated with lipid metabolism; among its isoforms, ApoE-ε4 significantly increases the risk of AD, leading to elevated oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation. The ferroptosis signaling pathway is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and the subsequent release of lipid peroxidation products and ROS exacerbate oxidative stress and neuronal damage. These interconnected pathways form a complex regulatory network that regulates the progression of AD through oxidative stress and related pathological cascades. In terms of therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, among the drugs currently used in clinical practice for AD treatment, memantine and donepezil demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy and can improve the level of oxidative stress in AD patients. Some compounds with antioxidant effects (such asα-lipoic acid and melatonin) have shown certain potential in AD treatment research and can be used as dietary supplements to ameliorate AD symptoms. In addition, non-drug interventions such as calorie restriction and exercise have been proven to exerted neuroprotective effects and have a positive effect on the treatment of AD. By comprehensively utilizing the therapeutic characteristics of different signaling pathways, it is expected that more comprehensive multi-target combination therapy regimens and combined nanomolecular delivery systems will be developed in the future to bypass the blood-brain barrier, providing more effective therapeutic strategies for AD.

By employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the CRITIC method(a weight determination method based on indicator correlations), and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method, the weight coefficients of evaluation indicators were determined, followed by a comprehensive score comparison. The grey correlation analysis was then performed to analyze the results calculated using the hybrid weighting method. Subsequently, a backpropagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN) model was constructed to predict the extraction process parameters and optimize the extraction process for Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu Granules(SHJG). In the extraction process, an L_9(3~4) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize three factors at three levels, including extraction frequency, water addition amount, and extraction time. The evaluation indicators included geniposide, berberine, ginsenoside Rg_1 + Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, ferulic acid, and extract yield. Finally, the optimal extraction results obtained by the orthogonal experiment, grey correlation analysis, and BP-ANN method were compared, and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the optimal extraction process involved two rounds of aqueous extraction, each lasting one hour; the first extraction used ten times the amount of added water, while the second extraction used eight times the amount. In the validation experiments, the average content of each indicator component was higher than the average content obtained in the orthogonal experiment, with a higher comprehensive score. The optimized extraction process parameters were reliable and stable, making them suitable for subsequent preparation process research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Neural Networks, Computer

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of venetoclax (VEN) in combination with hypomethylating agent (HMA) in the treatment of patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: A total of 30 patients with high-risk MDS who received the combination of VEN and HMA from March 2019 to November 2022 were included. The overall response rate (ORR), modified overall response rate (mORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events of all included patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 30 high-risk MDS patients treated with VEN combined with HMA regimen, 24 cases achieved complete response (CR)/ marrow complete response (mCR), 2 cases achieved partial response (PR), the ORR was 24/30, the median OS was 28.1 months, and the median PFS was 28.1 months. In addition, patients who achieved complete remission / marrow complete remission after treatment had a significantly longer OS than those who did not. Moreover, 12 patients were treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). There were grade 3 or higher hematologic adverse events including thrombocytopenia (14 cases), neutropenia (14 cases), febrile neutropenia (10 cases) and anemia (7 cases) as well as gastrointestinal adverse events of any grade, such as vomiting (7 cases), diarrhea (5 cases), and constipation (4 cases). CONCLUSION VEN in combination with HMA is an effective and safe treatment option in patients with high-risk MDS. This regimen combined with allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis of these patients. Continuous attention to the monitoring and management of adverse events is essential for the patients' safety in this combination therapy.
Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy* ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use* ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Adult

Objective To develop an automatic urine volume detection and collection device to solve the problems of routine urine test.Methods An automatic urine volume detection and collection device was developed with the components of a main control system,a detection system,a prompting system and a grasping and moving system.The main control system consisted of two STM32 microcontrollers and a reset switch;the detection system was made up of a weighing module,an infrared module and indicator lights,which had its urine volume automatic detection algorithm developed based on the Keil5 platform;the prompting system realized voice broadcasting through the voice module fixed on the back panel of the box;the grasping and moving system was composed of a rail drive motor(86CM stepper motor),a photoelectric switch and a motorized gripper.Results The device developed tested urine samples with an accuracy of 99.44％,and could collect qualified samples automatically and quickly.Conclusion The device developed detects urine volume and collects samples automatically,and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of urine examination.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(4):66-69]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shuangye San(the prescription mainly composed of Mori Folium and Nelumbinis Folium)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type.Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine for lowering blood glucose and lipid,protecting liver and lowering enzymes.The treatment group was treated with the granules of Shuangye San orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment lasted for three months.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),liver function indicators and B-ultrasound grading of fatty liver in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After three months of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 85.00％(34/40),and that of the control group was 70.00％(28/40).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of obese physique,heaviness and weakness in the limbs,shortness of breath and unwilling to talk,tightness and stabbing pain in the chest,abdominal distension and poor appetite in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the levels of glucose and lipid metabolism indicators of FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,2hPG,HbA1C,TC,TG and LDL-C in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The decrease of FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,2hPG,HbA1C,TC,TG and LDL-C levels and the increase of HDL-C levels in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the levels of liver function indicators of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of liver function indicators in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the B-ultrasound grading of fatty liver of the two groups was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the improvement of fatty liver B-ultrasound grading in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(6)During the treatment,there were no adverse reactions such as impairment of liver and kidney function and abnormalities in routine blood,urine and stool test in the two groups.Conclusion Shuangye San exerts certain effect in the treatment of T2DM complicated with NAFLD of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type.It can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients,correct the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism,and improve liver function and fatty liver B-ultrasound grading.

Objective To analyze and verify the role of senescent genes in the treatment,prognosis,and tumor microenvironment(TME)characteristics of osteoblastic osteosarcoma,bioinformatic methods were employed.Methods Senescent genes were obtained from the China National Genome Science database(https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/aging/index).The gene expression profile and clinical information of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the TARGET database(https://ocg.cancer.gov/programs/target),while single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)data was collected from GSE162454 on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)for downstream analysis.Osteosarcoma cells were classified based on scRNA-seq,and differential expression analysis between osteoblasts/chondroblasts and other cell types was conducted to identify differently expressed genes(DEGs).After matching with the senescent genes,prognostic senescent DEGs were identified through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.Subsequently,the osteosarcoma senescent-related model(OSRM)was constructed,and the risk score was calculated.The role of OSRM in treatment,prognosis,and TME of osteosarcoma was further investigated.Results The analysis revealed that GSE162454 contained 6 osteosarcoma samples,with 19933 cells identified after filtering,quality control,and normalization.Seventeen cellular subtypes were identified using uniform manifold approximation and projection(UMAP)methods.A total of 4821 DEGs were found between osteoblasts/chondroblasts and other subtypes,with 132 senescent DEGs obtained after matching with the senescent gene set.In the TARGET database,4 prognostic senescent DEGs[ADH5(alcohol dehydrogenase 5),ARHGAP1(Rho GTPase activating protein 1),APOE(apolipoprotein E),and ATF4(activating transcription factor 4)]were identified through univariable and multivariable Cox analyses to construct OSRM.Based on risk score,patients were stratified into high-and low-risk groups,with the latter showing better prognosis(HR=0.13,95%CI 0.06-0.28,P<0.001)and higher sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.qRT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed the high expression of senescent genes ADH5(P<0.01),APOE(P<0.01),and ATF4(P<0.05)in the K7M2 osteosarcoma cell line,suggesting the potential for predicting the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.Conclusions scRNA-seq facilitated the division of osteosarcoma into 17 cell subtypes.ADH5,ARHGAP1,APOE,and ATF4 emerged as potential cancer-promoting or suppressing senescent genes in osteosarcoma.OSRM was found to be associated with treatment response,prognosis,and TME characteristics,thereby promoting the molecular pathological diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma and prediction for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

The main chemical components of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus and components in serum were analyzed and identified rapidly and precisely by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technique in this study.The compounds were identified based on the relative molecular mass,fragmentation ions,and retention time of chromatographic peaks.A total of 36 kinds of chemical components were identified from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,including 28 kinds of saponins,3 kinds of amino acids,2 kinds of flavonoids,one kind of organosulfur compound,one kind of nucleoside,and one kind of hormone-lipid compound.In addition,8 kinds of compounds of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus were identified from the serum.Based on the intersection compounds of which detected in serum and screened out by TCMSP platform database,by using targeted network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,a"drug-component-target-pathway"association network was constructed.Naringenin,quercetin,macrostemonoside E and 25(R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5β-furostan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside were screened as the main active constituents of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.In addition,adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9)were the key action targets for Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.Molecular docking was performed using the main pharmacodynamic components and key action targets.The results indicated that all the four active components showed strongly bound to AMPK.This suggested that the regulation of lipid metabolism might be the key mechanism of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus in antihyperlipidemic effect.This study provided a data reference for the research on the pharmacodynamic components of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,and provided a basis for the improvement of quality standard of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus.

Objective To investigate the effects of neuronal pentraxin 2(Nptx2)on complement system,microglia activation and synaptic density in mice with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Six-months-old APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice were divided into model group(intracerebroventricularly injected with AAV-Veh 1 × 1010 GC)and model+AAV-Nptx2 group(intracerebroventricularly injected with AAV-Nptx2 1 × 1010 GC),6-months-old wild-type mice were divided into control group(intracerebroventricularly injected with AAV-Veh 1 × 1010 GC)and control+AAV-Nptx2 group(intracerebroventricularly injected with AAV-Nptx2 1 x 1010 GC),with 12 mice in each group.One month later,the cognitive function of mice in each group was evaluated by Morris Water Maze test.The expression levels of Nptx2 and Iba1 proteins were measured by Western blot,the contents of complement related proteins were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the synaptic plasticity was evaluated by Golgi staining.Results The resident time in the platform quadrant of control,control+AAV-Nptx2,model and model+AAV-Nptx2 groups were(44.72±10.92),(53.32±10.29),(21.92±3.80)and(36.47±6.41)s;the number of crossing the platform were 10.08±2.64,9.58±3.09,2.25±1.29 and 5.92±1.38;the relative expression levels of Nptx2 protein were 0.33±0.06,0.63±0.10,0.09±0.03 and 0.57±0.22;the relative expression levels of Iba1 protein were 0.17±0.06,0.23±0.08,0.97±0.16 and 0.40±0.14;the synaptic densities were 22.75±4.27,29.25±4.78,8.25±2.99 and 23.75±4.86.Compared with the model group,the differences of above indexes in the model+AAV-Nptx2 and control groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of Nptx2 protein can inhibit the activation of complement system,reduce the activation of microglia,and increase the synaptic density to alleviate cognitive impairment in AD mice.

Understanding the research methods for drug protein targets is crucial for the development of new drugs, clinical applications of drugs, drug mechanisms, and the pathogenesis of diseases. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), a target research method without modification, has been widely used since its development. Now, there are various CETSA-based technology combinations, such as mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA), isothermal dose response-cellular thermal shift assay (ITDR-CETSA), amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-cellular thermal shift assay (Alpha-CETSA), etc., which combine their respective advantages and further expand the application scope of CETSA. These technologies are suitable for the entire drug development chain, from drug screening to monitoring the target binding and off-target toxicity of drugs in patients. Based on the author's research experience, this paper reviews the principles of CETSA and related binding technologies, their application in target discovery, and the progress of data processing and analysis in recent years, aiming to provide reference and reference for the further application of CETSA.