Sixteen compounds have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Sophora dunnii through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prerarative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra data as phaseollidin (1), L-maackiain (2), 2-(2',4'-dihidroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy benzofuran (3), 8-demethyl-farrerol (4), liquiritigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-methylgenistein (7), 5-O-methyl genistein (8), 7,2',4'-trihydroxys-5-methoxy-isoflavanone (9), 7, 3', 4'-trihydroxy-isoflavanone (10), erythribyssin D (11), calycosin (12), trans-resveratrol (13), cis-resveratrol (14), stigmasterol (15), β-sitosterol (16). Among these, compounds 1-14 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chemical Fractionation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Sinus ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the drug demand and related influencing factors of AIDS non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of subsequent intervention policies for MSM. Methods　With the assistance of social organizations in Wuhan, MSM was recruited by the snowball method to carry out an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and the need for nPEP medication. The χ2 test and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the demand for nPEP medication. Results　A total of 308 valid subjects were included in this study, with predominantly 18-29 years old (78.57%, 242/308). The self-reported sexual orientation was mainly homosexuality (82.47%, 254/308), and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was high (89.29%, 275/308). Among the survey respondents, 35.06% (108/308) did not know the situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Wuhan; 55.19% (170/308) had two or more same-sex sexual partners in the last six months; 90.91% (280/308) had heard of nPEP before participating in this survey. After passing nPEP and informing the protective effect of nPEP, 59.42% (183/308) of them needed nPEP. After HIV exposure, 73.38% (226/308) were willing to spend money to buy nPEP drugs, and 88.64% (273/308) were willing to take nPEP drugs because of the known side effects. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the last six months, the needs for taking nPEP medication in those who had 2 or more same-sex sexual partners (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.329-3.386) and who had received peer education (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.088-2.781) were higher than those of those who had a same-sex sexual partner in the last six months and who had not received peer education. Conclusions　The MSM population in Wuhan has a great demand for nPEP drugs, and peer education is an important way to carry out nPEP publicity and promotion. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen warning publicity and education and behavioral intervention to reduce MSM risky sexual behaviors and reduce new HIV infections.

Objective To investigate the differences in pressure wave reflections and central blood pressure between brachial BP classification and the effect of antihypertensive drugs. Method In 1371chronically treated hypertensive subjects aged 33 -87 years [679 males and 692 females, mean age (47.2 ± 11.5 ) years], radial arterial augmentation index ( rAI ) and central systolic blood pressure were measured using an automated tonometric method. Results rA1 gradually increased from the subgroup with the lower blood pressure to the higher blood pressure ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), for each given brachial value, central systolic blood pressure was lower than the corresponding brachial pressure( P ＜0. 01 ). In multivariable linear regression models analysis revealed that the application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ([β =-0. 09, P ＜ 0. 05 ) , ATI receptor blockade ( β =-0. 07, P =0. 01 ), calcium channel blocker( [β =-0. 12,P ＜ 0. 01 ) and diuretic ( β =0. 14, P =0. 04 ) were independent determinants of rAI. Central SBP significantly correlated to the application of ACEI( β =- 0. 07, P =0. 02 ), ARB ( β =- 0. 08, P =0. 01 )and CCB( β =-0. 15, P ＜0. 05 ). Conclusions In chronically treated hypertensive individuals, tight blood pressure control would be effective in reducing the reflection wave and central BP. Antihypertensive treatment strategies with more beneficial effects on arterial properties are needed.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

OBJECTIVETo study risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated by heart and lung failure and treatment experience.

METHODSA total of 198 children with severe HFMD between March and August in 2011 were enrolled. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors severe HFMD complicated by heart and lung failure. The effects of combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin were observed.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis indicated that HFMD patients with heart and lung failure had higher proportions of consciousness, tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics, increased troponin and EV71 infection than HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection were the main risk factors for heart and lung failure. Compared with combination therapy with dexamethasone+ribavirin, combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was more effective for preventing hemodynamic changes in children with severe HFMD (P<0.01). Compared with HFMD patients with heart and lung failure, the effect of the combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was better in HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe main risk factors for heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD include tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection. Early combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin can reduce the incidence of heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD.

Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; complications ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the early change of serum nitric oxide (NO) after acute heat exposure with trauma and the effect of NO on mean arterial pressure (MAP), thus to provide theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of NO effect in acute stress.

METHODSThe rabbit model of acute heat exposure combined with trauma was established. The animals were divided into four groups, including control, trauma, hyperthermia and hyperthermia combined with trauma. The levels of NO were measured at different time points: 0 h, 1 h, 2 h and MAP was monitored throughout the whole experiment.

RESULTSThe concentration of NO declined at first and then increased at 1 h or so after acute heat exposure and trauma. The levels of NO in hyperthermia with trauma group at 1 h, 2 h were (42.75 +/- 8.24), (59.54 +/- 9.05) micro mol/L respectively (P < 0.05), while those in control group were (56.63 +/- 3.79) and (55.22 +/- 7.15) micro mol/L, the difference at 1h between two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Under the circumstance of hyperthermia and trauma, the level of MAP declined to the lowest point at 60 - 70 min and then showed a transient rise, after that, the level declined rapidly.

CONCLUSIONSAt the early stage of acute heat exposure and trauma, the concentration of serum NO declined at first and then increased, and had certain relationship with the change of MAP.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Rabbits ; Wounds and Injuries ; blood ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of Ca(2+) on the apoptosis induced by hyperthermia in neonate rat hippocampal neurons to provide the applicative evidence of dantrolene for preventing brain injuries.

METHODSDantrolene, Ca(2+) specific blocking agent, was used in the hyperthermia-induced apoptosis of primary hippocampal neurons in vitro to observe its effect on the apoptosis, fluorescent intensity, and dynamic change of Ca(2+) by flowcytometry and laser confocal microscopy.

RESULTSThe rate of apoptosis was decreased significantly after hyperthermia treatment by dantrolene sodium. The intracellular Ca(2+) fluorescent intensity in 42 degrees C treatment group (107.35 +/- 6.0) was significantly lower than that in control group (159.12 +/- 33.8). The concentration of Ca(2+) began to decrease 20 approximately 25 s after adding dantrolene sodium, and reached the lowest level about 50 s later, and then kept lower than the basal level.

CONCLUSIONDantrolene sodium has an important protective effect on hippocampal neurons apoptosis induced by hyperthermia and may have some applicative value of preventing heat-induced brain injury.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dantrolene ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Temperature

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Chronic Disease ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery ; Therapeutic Irrigation