OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of intrauterine infection induced by LPS injection on long-term brain development of premature rats.

METHODSEighteen day-gestation pregnant rats were randomly assigned to a control group receiving an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, and two infection groups that were intraperitoneally injected with 0.3 mg/kg or 0.6 mg/kg LPS. Twenty-four hours after injection, 7 pregnant rats of each group were sacrificed. The pathological changes of the placenta after hematoxylin and eosin staining were observed under a light microscope. The neural cell apoptosis of fetal brains was examined by the TUNEL assay. The remained pregnant rats were induced to labour before 21 gestation days. The long-term brain development of premature rats was tested with the Y type electric maze on postnatal day 42.

RESULTSObvious pathological changes were observed in the placenta in the infection groups. The apoptotic neural cells in the fetal brain increased in the infection groups compared with that in the control group (32.41+/-5.36 in the 0.3 mg/kg infection group and 66.41+/-7.61 in the 0.6 mg/kg infection group vs 8.00+/-0.36 in the control group; P<0.01). The number of trials to criterion in the Y type maze test in the infection groups was much more than that in the control group [117.8+/-8.7 (0.3 mg/kg infection group) and 194.4+/-13.7 (0.6 mg/kg infection group) vs 56.8+/-3.7 (control group); P<0.01]. The number of correct reactions in memory retaining in the infection groups was lower than that in the control group (0.62+/-0.09 in the 0.3 mg/kg infection group and 0.37+/-0.09 in the 0.6 mg/kg infection group vs 0.92+/-0.06 in the control group; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIntrauterine infection can cause fetal rats' neural cell apoptosis and affect adversely long-term brain development of neonatal rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bacterial Infections ; physiopathology ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain ; growth & development ; pathology ; Female ; Maze Learning ; Neurons ; pathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uterus ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the accuracy of Hadeco ES-1000spm hand-held doppler during the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap harvest.

METHODSTwenty-five patients (26 sides) with ALT flaps for head and neck reconstruction between May 2005 and May 2010 received preoperative Doppler examination for the location of the cutaneous perforators of ALT flaps. The Doppler signals and body mass index (BMI) were recorded preoperatively according to ABC system. The locations of Doppler signals and of the actual cutaneous perforators at surgery were plotted and compared. The diameter of perforators was measured.

RESULTSOne to three cutaneous perforators of the ALT flap were consistently found at specific locations. They were named perforators A, B, C from proximal to distal. Perforators A, B and C were present in 15 (58%), 24 (92%) and 20 (77%) cases and the diameter (> 0.5 mm) of A, B and C were 11/15, 22 (92%) and 8 (40%) respectively. The Doppler signal was within 0.5 cm of the actual perforator location in 85% flaps. The accuracy of Doppler decreased with increase of BMI.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative assessment by hand-held Doppler is useful in predicting the perforator vessels' locations and diameter although it's accuracy is limited.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforator Flap ; Preoperative Care ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Thigh ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

OBJECTIVETo introduce a method of functional reconstruction for total lower lip defects.

METHODSSix patients with lower lip cancer were treated by surgery from November 2007 to February 2009. The full thickness defects with a size from eighty percent to total lower lip were reconstructed with two triangular mental neurovascular island flaps of chin. The musculocutaneous and mucous flaps with neurovascular pedicles were advanced in a V-Y manner to close the defect and reconstruct the orbicularis oris muscle.

RESULTSAll flaps survived and no recurrence and complication were observed and showed excellent cosmetic and functional results over 6 months of follow-up. The reconstructed lower lips provided a wide-enough mouth opening, and the sensation of oral mucosa and the muscle function of oral sphincter were preserved.

CONCLUSIONSThe technique of mental neurovascular V-Y advancement island flap can get satisfactory results in both functional and the aesthetic perspects.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Verrucous ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lip ; injuries ; surgery ; Lip Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

We aimed to confirm the predictive ability of the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) for prognosis and the associations between IDC-P and clinicopathological parameters. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS up to December 1, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival data and odds ratios for clinicopathological data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I

Child ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Respiratory System