OBJECTIVETo observe the incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in patients received unfractionated heparin (UFH) treatment, and explore the feasibility of monitoring HIT by platelet counts, as well as the significance of HIT-antibody test in HIT diagnosis.

METHODS145 patients received UFH treatment in Vascular Surgery Department were studied. Before and after the UFH treatment, platelet counts, HIT-antibody ELISA test and heparin-induced platelet aggregation (HIPA) were tested.

RESULTSAmong the 145 patients, thrombocytopenia occurred in 40 (27.6%) cases, HIT-antibody ELISA test positive in 59 (40.7%) cases, HIPA test positive in 26 (17.9%) cases. The HIT was diagnosed in 24 (16.5%) cases, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITTS) occurred in 5 (3.4% in all cases, and 20.8% in HIT patients). In HIT patients, 15 patients (62.5%) were thrombocytopenia, HIT-antibody positive and HIPA test positive. Platelet counts in all of the 24 patients recovered to normal or level before UFH treatment in 3-6 days after heparin withdrawal therapy.

CONCLUSIONHIT can be early diagnosed by monitoring platelet counts, HIT-antibody ELISA test and HIPA test. Withdrawal of heparin therapy in time and use of alternative anticoagulant, HITTS rate might be expected to decline further.

Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants ; adverse effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Heparin ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Count ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced ; diagnosis

A new quercetin nanocrystals self-stabilized Pickering emulsion(QT-NSSPE) was prepared by high-pressure homogenization combined with probe ultrasonic method. The influences of oil fraction, quercetin(QT) concentration, and pH of water phase on the formation of QT-NSSPE were investigated. On this basis, the QT-NSSPE prepared under optimal conditions was evaluated in terms of microstructure, stability, and in vitro release and the droplet size and drug loading were 15.82 μm and 4.87 mg·mL~(-1), respectively. The shell structure formed by quercetin nanocrystals(QT-NC) on the emulsion droplet surface was observed under a scanning electron microscope(SEM). X-ray diffraction(XRD) showed that the crystallinity of adsorbed QT-NC decreased significantly as compared with the raw QT. There were not significant changes of QT-NSSPE properties after 30 days of storage at room temperature. The in vitro release experiment confirmed that QT-NSSPE has a higher accumulative release rate than the raw QT. All these results indicated that QT-NSSPE has a great stability and a satisfactory in vitro release behavior, which is a promising new oral delivery system for QT.
Emulsions/chemistry* ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Quercetin ; Water/chemistry*

Three new mycophenolic acid derivatives, penicacids E-G (1-3), together with three known analogues, mycophenolic acid (4), 4'-hydroxy-mycophenolic acid (5) and mycophenolic methyl ester (6), were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium parvum HDN17-478 from a South China Sea marine sediment sample. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by HRMS, NMR, and Mosher's method. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were the first examples of mycophenolic acid analogs with a double bond at C-3'/C-4' position. The cytotoxicity of 1-6 was evaluated against the HCT-116, BEL-7402, MGC-803, SH-SY5Y, HO-8910 and HL-60 cell lines, and compounds 4 and 6 showed potent cytotoxicity with IC