OBJECTIVETo study the role of survivin gene in the invasive behavior of glioma cells and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe mRNA and protein expressions of survivin in glioma cell line SNB19 transfected by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting survivin were determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth of the cells was examined by clone formation assay in soft agar, and their invasiveness was evaluated using a Boyden chamber model. The protein level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) was also determined by western blotting.

RESULTSSurvivin siRNA dose-dependently inhibited the anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness and reduced the expression of uPA protein in SNB19 cells.

CONCLUSIONRNA interference targeting survivin can inhibit the invasiveness of glioma cells in vitro possibly by down-regulating uPA expression.

Brain Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glioma ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a retro-grade auricular flap for repairing large alar defects.

METHODSTwenty-nine adult cadavers were anatomically used for vascular investigation of the frontal, nasal and temporal regions by injecting a dye into the main vessels. Based on the anatomical study in these regions, a retro-grade auricular flap was designed for repairing alar defects in 16 patients.

RESULTSThe blood supply of the auricle could be nourished by the inner carotid artery system from the supratrachlear artery and supraorbital artery through the frontal arterial anastomotical network into the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. It is then passing the main trunk of the superficial temporal artery into the ear area through the auricular branches of the superficial temporal artery. The retro-grade auricular island flap could be formed by basing the supratrachlear artery and the supraorbital artery through the vascular network between the superficial temporal artery and the supratrachlear artery or the supraorbital artery. Sixteen patients with large alar defects and half-sized nasal defects were successfully repaired by this technique.

CONCLUSIONSThe retro-grade auricular island flap, based on the inner carotid artery system, could be a good and safe flap for repairing a large alar defect or half-sized nasal reconstruction.

Adult ; Arteries ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Ear Auricle ; blood supply ; Humans ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Temporal Arteries

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of vasomotor functions in aortas segments from Wistar rats between 1-hour and 6-hours after exposure of water-soluble components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

METHODSAll 30 Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=6 for each group) at random: the blank control group, control group for 1-hour and 6-hours, exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours. The rats were sacrificed 1-hour or 6-hours later and aorta ring segments were mounted on wire myographs.

RESULTS(1) There was no significant difference in vasomotor functions among three control groups (P>0.05). (2) 1-hour or 6-hours after exposure there was a decrease of contraction elicited by 60 mmol/L KCl in contrast to the control group (P<0.05), whereas no significant change between the exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours (P>0.05). (3) On the level of 10(-5) or 10(-7) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (ACh) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L there was a decrease compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), whereas no difference between the exposure group for 6-hours and the control group (P>0.05). On the level from 10(-5) to 10(-9) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE as compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and a decrease on the level of 10(-6) or 10(-9) mol/L compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), 6-hours after exposure a decrease was caused as compared with the control group on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInhibition of contraction and impairment of relaxation in aortas should be caused 1-hour after exposure to water-soluble components of PM2.5 in the air, which is weaken 6-hours after exposure.

Acetylcholine ; blood ; Air Pollutants ; toxicity ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Male ; Particulate Matter ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Aged ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical application value of middle segment pancreatectomy in the treatment of benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas.

METHODSFifteen cases were retrospectively analyzed treated from November 2005 to June 2009. There were 3 male and 12 female aging from 30 to 50 years. They all received middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas.

RESULTSThere was no death during perioperative period. All the 15 patients received middle segment pancreatectomy. Fourteen of them received the closure of broken ends of pancreatic head, pancreaticojejunostomy (mono-anastomosis) and the rest one received dipl-anastomosis. Postoperative pathology showed that in the 15 patients, 1 got solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas, 3 got non-functional islet cell tumor, 11 got cystadenoma of pancreas. Three of them got pancreatic fistula and were self cured in 3 months. Follow-up visits to all the patients kept in the following 2 to 45 months. There was no death. No patients got new-onset diabetes and pancreatic pseudocyst. And their tumors were not relapsed.

CONCLUSIONSThere is an exact therapeutic effect of middle segment pancreatectomy for benign tumors of the amphi-neck of the pancreas. The treatment has little function damage to patients' endocrine and external secretion. The incidence rate of pancreatic fistula in middle segment pancreatectomy is higher than that in pancreaticoduodenectomy. As long as the drainage is kept unobstructed, most of the pancreatic fistula can be self cured.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVEThe optimal management strategy for prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial. We performed a systemic review of current progress and controversies regarding the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

DATA SOURCESWe searched PubMed for recently published articles up to July 2017 using the following key words: "prostate cancer," "progress," "controversy," "immunotherapy," and "prevention."

STUDY SELECTIONArticles were obtained and reviewed to provide a systematic review of the current progress and controversies regarding PCa management.

RESULTSThe value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains controversial, but PSA screening is recommended to facilitate the early diagnosis of PCa in high-risk groups. Prostate biopsy via the transrectal or perineal approach has both advantages and disadvantages. There was a significant correlation between testosterone levels and PCa prognosis. The current research is focused on the mechanisms responsible for PCa. Active surveillance has been proposed as a management strategy for low-risk, localized PCa, but there is an urgent need for further clinical studies to establish the criteria for recommending this approach. The main complications of radical resection for PCa are urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction, though three-dimensional laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic techniques have obvious advantages over radical surgery. Radiotherapy is also a therapeutic option for PCa, while immunotherapies may alter the prostate tumor microenvironment. Ongoing studies aim to provide guidance on effective sequential and combination strategies. Prevention remains an important strategy for reducing PCa morbidity and mortality.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PCa are complex issues, worthy of intensive study. Further studies are needed to improve the management of PCa.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting survivin on adhesion and invasion of human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 in vitro.

METHODSAccording to the sequence of the coding region of survivin gene, two strings of 19 nucleotides of inverted sequence flanking the loop sequence of two complementary 9-base oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized to prepare the hairpin construct as the DNA templates for the target shRNA. The shRNA templates were cloned into shRNA expression vector pRNAT-U6.1/Neo, and the resulted vector pRNAT-U6.1/Neo-survivin was transfected into SW480 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. Western blotting was performed to evaluate survivin gene silencing induced by shRNA transfection at the protein level, and the biological behaviors of the SW480 cells were investigated by cell-matrix adhesion, invasion and gelatin-zymography assays.

RESULTSWestern blotting revealed significantly lowered survivin protein expression in transfected SW480 cells, and survivin gene silencing induced by shRNA significantly suppressed the metastatic potential of SW480 cells in association with suppressed MMPs activity.

CONCLUSIONSSurvivin may play an important role in modulating human colorectal carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis, and survivin gene silencing can inhibit human colorectal cancer cell invasion and the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Survivin may affect invasion and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma cells via regulating the production of MMPs.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; secretion ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; deficiency ; genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of orthopedic robot combined with Starr pelvic reduction frame in the treatment of Tile type C pelvic ring fracture.Methods From October 2019 to May 2021,14 patients with type C pelvic ring fracture were treated with robotic combined with Starr pelvic reduction frame,including 9 males and 5 females.The age ranged from 33 to 69 years.All the 14 patients had fresh closed fractures without femur,tibia and fibula fracture.Surgery was complet-ed from 4 to 7 d after hospital admission.During the operation,the X-ray carbon bed was used,the pelvic ring was reduced by Starr pelvis reduction frame,and pelvic ring fracture was treated by orthopedic robot.Operation time,bleeding volume,fluo-roscopy times of single screw placement,fracture reduction quality,affected limb function and complications were observed.Radiological reduction was evaluated using Matta scoring standard,and clinical efficacy was evaluated by Majeed pelvic func-tion scoring system at the final follow-up.Results All of 14 patients successfully completed the operation,the operation time was 84 to 141 min,the bleeding volume was 20 to 50 ml,and the fluoroscopy times of single screw insertion was 4 to 9 times.All of 14 patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months.The healing time was 3 to 7 months.No complications such as fracture of internal fixation,screw loosening,infection and nerve injury were found.According to the evaluation criteria of Matta imag-ing reduction,9 cases were excellent,4 cases were good,and 1 case was fair.At the final follow-up,Majeed pelvic function scoring system was used:10 cases were excellent,4 cases were good.Conclusion The treatment of type C pelvic ring fracture with robotic combined Starr pelvis reduction frame is simple,time-saving,less trauma,less complications and effective.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationships of experimental varicocele to the apoptosis of epididymis epithelium and changes of the contents of alpha-1,4-glucosidase and sialic acid from the unilateral epididymis in adolescent rats, and to investigate the effects of varicocele on the unilateral epididymis epithelium.

METHODSExperimental left varicocele models of 16 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The epididymides were collected for detecting the apoptosis of epididymis epithelium and the contents of alpha-1,4-glucosidase and sialic acid by using spectrophotometry.

RESULTSSeven days after the establishment of the left varicocele model, the index of the apoptosis of the left epididymis epithelium was significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the contents of alpha-1,4-glucosidase and sialic acid significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.005) in the experimental group than in the control.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that unilateral varicocele may increase the apoptosis of epididymis epithelium and the contents of alpha-1,4-glucosidase and sialic acid and subsequently affect the synthesizing and secretory function of the epididymis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Epididymis ; pathology ; Epithelium ; pathology ; Male ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Varicocele ; metabolism ; pathology ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDIt is well known that conventional splenectomy, which requires careful handling and ligation of tissue of the splenic hilum, can easily cause complications such as splenic fever and pancreatic fistula. Here, we use the technique of dissection of the secondary branches of the splenic pedicle to handle the hilum in the portal hypertension patients who are subjected to splenectomy.

METHODSWe retrospectively compared and analyzed the complications, postoperative hospital stay, operative time, and occurrence of hemorrhage in 121 patients with portal hypertension undergoing splenectomy and devascularization of the gastric cardia from January 1999 to December 2007. The selected cases consisted of 51 patients undergoing conventional splenectomy and 70 patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between size of the spleen and occurrence of complications.

RESULTSThe incidence of pancreatic fistula and splenic fever (0/70 and 9/70) was lower in patients undergoing dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle as compared with that of the conventional group (5/51 and 18/51 respectively). In addition, there was no significant difference in operative time and volume of blood loss between two groups. The spleen thickness of those patients who had pancreatic fistula and splenic fever was significantly greater than those without complications.

CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle in portal hypertension patients undergoing splenectomy can decrease the incidence of splenic fever and pancreatic fistula, and shorten the postoperative hospital stay, especially in the patients with a large spleen. So dissection of secondary branches of the splenic pedicle is a valuable technique for splenectomy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; blood supply ; surgery ; Splenectomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult