Objective　To investigate the epidemic situat ion of the dental fluorosis among the people in Tianjin area.Methods　With the method of random sampling we investigated epidemic situation of the dental fluorosis among the people aged 12 to 15 in Tianjin area.Results　The minimum patient's rate for this disease among those aged 12 to 15 is 32.11 percent while the maximum is 78.09 percent.The l owest dental fluorosis index is 0.851 and the highest is 1.923.The patient's rate and the index are both higher than the average rate and index of the whole cou ntry.Conclusions　Tianjin is one of the areas where the dental fluorosise epidemic mostly occurs.

Objective:To study the effects of Taoist cognitive therapy on type A behavior of patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:206 patients with coronary heart disease were randomized divided into two groups. The study group received Taoist cognitive therapy for 3 months in addition to basic medical treatment.The control group was treated with medicine only.Both groups were followed for 6 months and evaluated with psychological scales,including Type A behavior scale,mental detachment scale.Clinical efficacy was also evaluated.Results:The score of type A had significant decreased from 25.8?7.6 to 20.8?5.8 after 3 months in the study group,the score of mental detachment significantly increased from 28.7?4.4 to 31.8?3.8(P

Objective To observe the effects of Wendan decoction (WD) on depression-like behavior in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and explore the related mechanism.Methods Rodent model of PD was established by unilaterally lesioning medial forebrain bundle with 6-hydrodopamine.After intragastric administration with WD,the rats's behavior changes were detected by the open field test,sucrose preference test and forced swimming test;the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in the rat brain were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.Results Compared with those of sham-operated rats,the horizontal and vertical activities of the PD model rats decreased significantly,and sucrose consumption decreased significantly,but immobility time during forced swimming was significantly prolonged.The contents of dopamine (DA),5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and DA in the striatum decreased significantly.After administration of WD for 2 weeks,the immobility time of the PD model rats was significantly decreased,sucrose consumption increased significantly;DA,5-HT and NA levels in the mPFC increased significantly.Conclusion WD improves the depression-like behavior in PD model rats,and the mechanisms may involve the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters in mPFC.

Objective To determine whether Fudenine is a novel membrane protein. Methods Green fluorescence protein(GFP)was used to localize Fudenine in vivo. GFP, as a control, was targeted to cytoplasm.Epithelial cell, CBRH7919, and non-epithelial cell, L-6TG, were cultured and transiently transfected by using the lipofectamine reagent. After 48 h, intact cells were examined with fluorescence microscope for Fudenine. Results Reporter plasmid pEGFP-N1, as a control , was expressed and localized to cytoplasm. But Fudenine, driven by the cytomegalovirus promoterenhancer contained in the pEGFP-N1 vector, was overexpressed and targeted to cellular membrane. Conclusions Fudenine is a novel membrane protein. It may play the similar role with its homologues AC133 antigen and prominin in human and mouse.respectively. It might be involved in signaling transduction and regulate blood glucose metabolism in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo explore the reasons of secondary fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and discuss the measure of prevention and cure.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to January 2013, the clinical data of 180 patients with primary OVCFs treated by PVP were retrospectively analyzed. There were 75 males and 105 females, aged from 68 to 95 years old with an average of (79.50 ± 5.45) years. The involved vertebrae were identified according to the clinical symptoms and imaging data. PVP were performed in 362 vertebrae and the patients were followed up with an average of 12 months. Subsequent vertebral fractures were found through the pain's reappearance and MRI or bone scan. The patients were divided into secondary fracture group and no-secondary fracture group according to the subsequent fractures or no. Secondary fracture group was divided into two groups according to gender, and the patients with secondary fracture were also categorized into the original surgical vertebral fractures, adjacent vertebral fracture and remote vertebral fractures. The age, gender, the cement volume, the cement leakage, secondary fracture site, the incidence and type of secondary fracture were observed and compared among different groups.

RESULTSAmong the 362 vertebrae of PVP, there were 109 vertebrae in male and 253 vertebrae in female. And 27 vertebrae (10 in male and 17 in female) of 22 cases (9 males and 13 females) occurred secondary fracture. The second PVP were performed in 13 cases (16 vertebrae) and the third PVP in 2 cases (4 vertebrae); 7 cases (7 vertebrae) were treated with conservative therapy. There was no statistically significant difference on age, gender, cement volume and leakage between secondary fracture group and no-secondary fracture group (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on the incidence and type of secondary fracture between male and female (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found on the adjacent and remote vertebral fractures (P > 0.05). Most of secondary fracture occurred in 6 months, and whether the single and double side injection, cement leakage had no obvious relation.

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in the subsequent fracture after PVP for the OVCFs different gender and fractured site, and also no significant difference in the adjacent and remote vertebral fractures. The report didn't support the biomechanical viewpoint that vertebral body stiffness increasing after PVP would lead to adjacent vertebral stress increasing and result easily in adjacent vertebral fracture. Secondary fracture occurs always in 6 months after operation, which is the natural course of osteoporosis.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Vertebroplasty

The effects of different physical and chemical factors on hairy root growth and flavonoids production were studied in suspension culture of Saussurea medusa hairy root in 1/2 MS medium. The results showed that the following culture conditions, nitrogen concentratiaon (involved NH4+ and NO3-), 30 mmol/L; the ratio of ammonium to nitrate, 5:25; the combination of 2% sucrose and 3% glucose; 0.5 mg/L GA3; 0.5 mg/L IBA; initial pH 5.8; light cycle, 18 h/d (3500lx); temperature, 24 degrees C; shaker revolutions per minute, 100 r/min, were favourable to hairy root growth and flavonoids production. Under the above culture conditions, up to 12.8 g/L (DW) of hairy root and 1922 mg/L of flavonoids were obtained after 21 days of culture. The content of total flavonoids in hairy root was 15%, which was about 25 times as that in the wild plantlet.
Culture Media ; Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saussurea ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Temperature ; Tissue Culture Techniques

OBJECTIVESTo research the effects of supracondylar fractures of humerus treated by three different surgical methods.

METHODSThere were 103 patients with supracondylar fractures of humerus including 58 male and 45 female. The age was from 3 to 12 years old with the average of 7.4 years. To divide the cases into three groups by the operative approach in the humerus, the inside approach were in 37 cases (group A), the outside in 35 cases (group B) and the rear in 31 cases (group C). Comparing the reduction of the stretching and bending function of elbow joint and incidence of elbow varus.

RESULTSAll patients were followed-up for 1.5 to 8 years after operation with the average of 32 months. The reduction of stretching and bending function of elbow joint occurrenced in 6 cases in group A, 6 cases in group B and 25 cases in group C, the incidenc of group C were obvious more than group A and B (P < 0.01). The elbow varus occurred in 8 cases in group A, 17 cases in group B and 7 cases in group C, the incidence of group B were obviously more than group A and C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere are different effects between three kinds of operative approaches in the humerus. The incidence of outside group is higher on the varus of elbow. The incidence of rear group is higher on the ability of elbow joint stretching and bending. The effect of inside group is sure on the operative approach in the humerus.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humerus ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male

Objective:To explore the reasons of secondary fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteo-porotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and discuss the measure of prevention and cure. Methods:From January 2011 to January 2013,the clinical data of 180 patients with primary OVCFs treated by PVP were retrospectively analyzed. There were 75 males and 105 females,aged from 68 to 95 years old with an average of (79.50±5.45) years. The involved ver-tebrae were identified according to the clinical symptoms and imaging data. PVP were performed in 362 vertebrae and the pa-tients were followed up with an average of 12 months. Subsequent vertebral fractures were found through the pain ’s reappearance and MRI or bone scan. The patients were divided into secondary fracture group and no secondary fracture group according to the subsequent fractures or no. Secondary fracture group was divided into two groups according to gender ,and the patients with sec-ondary fracture were also categorized into the original surgical vertebral fractures ,adjacent vertebral fracture and remote verte-bral fractures. The age,gender,the cement volume,the cement leakage,secondary fracture site,the incidence and type of sec-ondary fracture were observed and compared among different groups. Results:Among the 362 vertebrae of PVP,there were 109 vertebrae in male and 253 vertebrae in female. And 27 vertebrae (10 in male and 17 in female) of 22 cases (9 males and 13 fe-males) occurred secondary fracture. The second PVP were performed in 13 cases (16 vertebrae) and the third PVP in 2 cases (4 vertebrae);7 cases (7 vertebrae) were treated with conservative therapy. There was no statistically significant difference on age , gender,cement volume and leakage between secondary fracture group and no secondary fracture group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on the incidence and type of secondary fracture between male and female (P>0.05). No signifi-cant difference was found on the adjacent and remote vertebral fractures (P>0.05). Most of secondary fracture occurred in 6 months,and whether the single and double side injection,cement leakage had no obvious relation. Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the subsequent fracture after PVP for the OVCFs different gender and fractured site ,and also no signif-icant difference in the adjacent and remote vertebral fractures. The report didn't support the biomechanical viewpoint that verte-bral body stiffness increasing after PVP would lead to adjacent vertebral stress increasing and result easily in adjacent vertebral fracture. Secondary fracture occurs always in 6 months after operation ,which is the natural course of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of sulfated tyrosine in regulating the activity of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST) 1 and TPST2.

METHODSConstructs of TPST 1 and TPST2 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then fused into immunoglobulin G1 Fc region. All the variants in which sulfated tyrosines were mutated to phenylalanine were made by the PCR-based Quick Change method and confirmed by sequencing the entire reading frame. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs-targeting nucleotides 259-275 of TPST1 and nucleotides 73-94 of TPST2 were generated and subcloned into pBluescript. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were transfected with these plasmids. One day later, cells were split: one part was labeled with 35S-cysteine and methionine or 35S-Na2SO3 overnight, the second part was used for 125I labeled binding experiment, and the third part was retained for binding and flow cytometry.

RESULTSTyrosines at position 326 of TPST1 and position 325 of TPST2 were sulfated posttranslationally. Tyrosine sulfation of TPSTs was effectively inhibited by sulfation inhibitors, including specific shRNAs and non-specific NaCIO3. shRNAs reduced the sulfation of C3a receptor and C5a receptor, and partially blocked the binding of these two receptors to their respective ligands.

CONCLUSIONSThe activities of TPSTs were regulated by tyrosine sulfation. Inhibition of sulfotyrosine decreases the binding ability of C3a receptor and C5a receptor to their respective ligands.

Cell Line ; Complement C3a ; metabolism ; Complement C5a ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement ; metabolism ; Sulfotransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tyrosine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism

OBJECTIVECoronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Some studies suggested that CHD begins in childhood. Obesity and dyslipidemia are important risk factors of coronary heart disease. Apolipoprotein (apo)E gene associated with dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. The present study was designed to investigate the expression status of apoE gene in peripheral blood monocyte and association of apoE gene expression with lipids in children with obesity.

METHODSAmong 32 children with obesity and 32 healthy children without obesity or overweight, ApoE gene expressions were determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood monocyte. The concentrations of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), apoA I, apoB(100) and apoE were measured.

RESULTSExpression of apoE gene was detected in peripheral blood monocyte. Expression of apoE gene was significantly reduced in children with obesity as compared with control group (0.29 +/- 0.14 moles/mole GAPDH mRNA vs. 0.36 +/- 0.10 moles/mole GAPDH mRNA, t = 2.15, P < 0.05). The more severe was the degree of obesity, the more significantly reduced the expression of apoE gene; the degree of obesity was negatively correlated with the levels of expression of apoE gene (correlation coefficient = -0.40, P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apoB(100) were higher, and those of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apoA I and apoE were lower in children with obesity [(1.68 +/- 0.50) mmol/L vs. (0.99 +/- 0.54) mmol/L, (4.47 +/- 0.91) mmol/L vs. (3.33 +/- 0.90) mmol/L, (2.23 +/- 0.71) mmol/L vs. (1.13 +/- 0.96) mmol/L, (94.48 +/- 9.97) mg/dl vs. (83.81 +/- 15.64) mg/dl, (1.47 +/- 0.39) mmol/L vs. (1.73 +/- 0.36) mmol/L, (112.71 +/- 27.86) mg/dl vs. (134.80 +/- 45.36) mg/dl, (24.50 +/- 10.92) mg/L vs.(35.07 +/- 9.79) mg/L, respectively, P < 0.05]. ApoE gene expression was associated with plasma lipids metabolism in children with obesity. The quantity of apoE gene expression was inversely associated with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, positively correlated with apoE (correlation coefficient = -0.33, 0.35, respectively, P < 0.05). The quantity of apoE gene expression was not associated with total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), apoA I, and apoB(100) (correlation coefficient = -0.19, -0.11, 0.16, 0.09, 0.18, 0.22, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpression of apoE gene was significantly reduced in peripheral blood monocyte in children with obesity. The quantity of apoE gene expression was associated with degree of obesity and abnormality of blood lipids.

Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Child ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Triglycerides ; blood