OBJECTIVETo study the pathogens, drug sensitivity and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 401 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or longer from January 2008 to February 2012. Eighty-five of the 401 neonates suffered VAP.

RESULTSThe main pathogens for VAP were Gram-negative bacteria (97%), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (51%), Acinetobacter baumannii (17%) and Escherichia coli (12%) as the three most frequent ones. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens developed resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, and cefotaxime, with a susceptibility rate of below 15%, and demonstrated decreased sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem, with a susceptibility rate of below 75%. The independent risk factors for neonatal VAP included birth weight (OR=1.399, P<0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation (OR=1.966, P<0.01), length of hospital stay (OR=1.812, P<0.01), times of tracheal intubation (OR=2.056, P<0.01), and 1 min Apgar score (OR=2.146, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of neonatal VAP is influenced by many factors. The main pathogens for neonatal VAP are Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial agents should be properly used according to drug sensitivity test results. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of VAP.

Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; etiology ; microbiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of one-hole microplate internal fixation for the treatment of collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb combined with fracture.

METHODSTwenty-two patients (16 males, 6 females) with collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb combined fracture were treated with one-hole microplate internal fixation. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 53 years old with a mean age of 28.5 years old. The duration from injury to surgery ranged from 2 hours to 2 months, and the mean time was 6 days. All the patients had collateral ligament injuries combined with fracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Thirteen patients had injuries in the right hand and 9 patients had injuries in the left hand. There were 18 cases of closed wound and 4 cases of open wound. Eighteen patients had fresh injuries (< 2 weeks) and 4 had old injuries (> 2 weeks). Sixteen patients had injuries in the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb combined with fracture, 6 patients had radial collateral ligament injuries of the thumb combined with fracture, 4 cases of which were complicated with injuries of abductor pollicis brevis and the end of the flexor pollicis brevis tender. The size of the avulsed fragment was about 3.0 mm x 4.0 mm to 6.0 mm x 7.0 mm.

RESULTSThe incisions of 22 patients healed by first intention. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 5 years old,with an average of 2.5 years old. The thumb function was evaluated by Saetta and other evaluation criteria, and 20 patients got an excellent result and 2 good.

CONCLUSIONThe application of one-hole microplate internal fixation in treating collateral ligament injuries with fracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is an effective method.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effects of cooking practice education on their status of nutrient intake and blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over 60 years old.Methods Four-hour cooking practice education lecture was offered per month for 57 patients with T2DM over 60-year old based on balance diet and food exchange list,with features including requiring patients joining the lecture with their family members together,demonstration of raw and fresh dietary materials and cooked food,choice of food to eat by the patients themselves according to their own dietary regimen.Sixty patients with T2DM who were only educated by outpatient department of nutrition for 35 minutes were selected as control.After twelve months of education,indices such as scores of awareness of knowledge of food exchange list,status of nutrient intake and blood glucose control,and so on,were compared between the two groups to evaluate the effects of cooking practice education.Results After 12- month education,score of knowledge of food exchange list in the experiment group increased significantly,as compared to that in the control group.Intake of energy [(6304?826) kJ] and fat [(46?6) g] decreased significantly in the experimental group [(6921?860) kJ and (63?9) g,respectively],and fasting blood glucose [(7.1?0.8) mmol/L],postprandial blood glucose [(11.2?1.1) mmol/L] and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c [(6.2?0.5)%] were decreased significantly,as compared to those in the control group [(7.8?0.9) mmol/L,(12.4?1.2) mmol/L,and (6.5?0.7)%)],respectively.Conclusions Cooking practice education is effective to correctly use diet regimen and improve status of nutrient intake and control of blood glucoses for over-60-year patients with T2DM.

OBJECTIVEInadequate postnatal nutritional support is an important factor contributing to growth failure, which leads to poor neurological outcome. In this study, co-word analysis was used to investigate the research on nutrition of premature infants over the last six years in China, describe the research trend in this field in China, and provide possible directions for future research.

METHODSA literature search was performed in January 2013 using the CNKI database and the key words "preterm infant" and "nutrition". A total of 772 articles were retrieved. Then high-frequency key words were extracted using Excel 2010 to create a co-occurrence matrix. Finally, a visualized network was built using Ucinet 6.0.

RESULTSThe knowledge domain map of research on nutritional support for premature infants in China showed that the major topic of relevant research is still the combination of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition, with the goal of maintaining appropriate growth rates in premature infants. Researchers have paid much attention to the adverse effects of parenteral nutrition. Feeding intolerance is still the main problem in nutritional support, especially enteral nutrition, for premature infants.

CONCLUSIONSA visualized network of current research on nutrition of premature infants in China has been created, and a knowledge domain map has been drawn to reflect the hot topics in this field of study over the last six years.

Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; physiology ; Parenteral Nutrition

OBJECTIVETo study the bacterial culture results of expressed breast milk.

METHODSA total of 1178 expressed breast milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. The breast milk sampled from the mothers of preterm neonates (n=615) and term neonates (n=563) who were hospitalized between May 2014 and April 2015.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in bacterial counts between the preterm and term sample groups (P>0.05). Potential intestinal pathogens were found in 55 samples (4.63%) of the 1178 samples, with no significant difference between the preterm and term sample groups (P>0.05). The second expressed milk samples from 33 mothers were cultured. Only 10 samples (30%) were found to have the same bacteria as the first time. The detection rate of bacterial load of ≥ 10⁵ CFU/mL was higher in those samples with potential intestinal pathogens, as compared with those samples without potential intestinal pathogens (43.64% vs 14.87%; P<0.05). There was no correlation between the incidence of neonatal infections and potential intestinal pathogens in breast milk.

CONCLUSIONSBreast milk is not sterile. Bacterial loads and phylotypes are variable. Random breast milk cultures can neither describe bacterial colonies in breast milk, nor be a predictor of neonatal infection.

Bacterial Load ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Milk, Human ; microbiology ; Pilot Projects

OBJECTIVETo explore the method of rapid detection of skin fungi and the significance of conventional diagnosis liquor worker tinea corporis and tinea cruris using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction AP-PCR.

METHODSAmong liquor workers who were 50 tinea corporis patients, 58 tinea cruris patients and 50 health persons, we amplified the DNAs of the dermatophytes were amplified using AP-PCR and random primers OPD18 5'-GAGAGCCAAC-3' and OPAA11 5'-ACCCGACCTG-3', at the same time, the dermatophytes with microscope were detected and cultured.

RESULTSAP-PCR analysis detected fungal DNA in 45 patients(90.00%) among 50 liquor worker patients with tinea corporis, 31 patients(62.00%) had the positive results of microscope detection, and 41 patients(82.00%) had the positive results of standard culture. Among these workers who suffered from tinea corporis, T.rubrum, T.mentagrophyte, M. canis and E.floccosum were detected by AP-PCR. T.rubrum, T.mentagrophyte and M.canis were detected by standard culture. AP-PCR analysis detected fungal DNA in 53 patients(91.38%) among 58 liquor worker patients with tinea cruris, 37 patients(63.79%) had the positive results of microscope detection, and 48(82.76%) had the positive results of standard culture. Among the 58 workers who had tinea cruris, T.rubrum, E.floccosum and T.mentagrophyte were detected by AP-PCR and standard culture. Among 50 health persons, AP-PCR analysis detected fungal DNA in 3 persons(6.00%). The detection result with AP-PCR indicated that the kinds of fungi were T.rubrum and T.mentagrophyte. No one health person had the positive result in detection of fungi using microscope detection. Only one(2.00%) health person was detected to be infected by fungus with cultural way. The kind of fungus was T.rubrum.

CONCLUSIONAP-PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for occupational dermatophyte patients. It can be used to detect and diagnose professional dermatophytosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tinea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; microbiology ; Young Adult

This article studied the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana. The 60% ethanol extract was eluted with 95% ethanol though HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column. 12 compounds, including (1) betulinic acid, (2)2, 2, 2'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane bis (2, 3-epoxypropyl) ether, (3) eriodictyol, (4) trans-ε-viniferin, (5) (+)-cis-ε-viniferin, (6) kobophenol A, (7) ampelopsin A, (8) nepalensinol B, (9) cis-miyabenol C, (10) cis-vitisin B, (11) cis-gnetin H and (12) (+)-hopeaphenol, were separated by using normal phase silica gel, ODS, Sephdadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative or preparative HPLC. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 were separated from the genus Vitis for the first time and compounds 3, 7, 12 were separated from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana for the first time. At a concentration of 50 μmol · L(-1), compound 6, 7 and 11 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with the inhibition rate of 66.58%, 57.16%, 52.84%, respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Vitis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate new bone formation and preliminary clinical outcomes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss alone.

METHODSNine patients were treated with ten maxillary sinus floor augmentations using Bio-Oss alone, and eighteen Straumann implants were placed. After five to eleven-month healing period at implant placement, cylindrical specimens were biopsied from the augmented area. The new bone formation of specimens was analyzed by histology and micro-computed tomography. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed for measurements of residual crestal bone height under the sinus, the amount of increased height immediate after the augmentation and before implant insertion. To monitor stability changes, resonance frequency analysis was performed and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were collected at implant placements (baseline,0 month), one month, three months and six months after placements.

RESULTSAll implants were loaded six months after insertion and no failures were recorded. Compared to adjacent native bone, no significant differences of bone volume fraction were found in augmented area (P > 0.05), together with lower trabecular number (P < 0.05) and trabecular thickness (P < 0.01) as well as higher trabecular separation (P < 0.01) by microradiographic analysis.Histomorphometrically, there was no significant difference in the amount of new bone formation between the adjacent native bone and augmented area (P > 0.05). CBCT showed a bone height gain of (14.19 ± 2.02) mm immediate after augmentation, which stabilized at (13.68 ± 1.95) mm after bone healing period. Mean ISQ value was 71.94 ± 6.51 at baseline, decreased to 70.19 ± 6.38 at 1 month, and increased to 78.17 ± 3.83 at 3 month and 82.56 ± 3.20 at 6 month.

CONCLUSIONSThe use of Bio-Oss as the sole graft is reliable and can lead to satisfactory bone formation and clinical outcome.

Adult ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; therapeutic use ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Minerals ; therapeutic use ; Sinus Floor Augmentation ; methods ; X-Ray Microtomography

Objective To observe the curative effect of Fuzhengxiaojia decoction on precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (PLGC).Methods We randomly divided 44 patients with PLGC in our hospital into control group (n=22)and treatment group (n=22).The control group was given 4 Weifuchun tablets each time and three times per day and while the treatment group was given one Fuzhengxiaojia decoction of 400 mL besides the medication of the control group.They were treated for two courses,one course lasting for one month.Results Superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),IgG,IgM and IgA in the two groups had no significant differences before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,compared with those in the control group,SOD (t=2.144,P=0.044)and GSH-Px (t=2.322,P=0.030)increased,while MDA(t=3.096, P=0.005),IgG(t=2.421,P=0.025),IgM(t=3.377,P=0.003)and IgA (t=2.521,P=0.020)decreased. The main symptom scores in the two groups did not significantly differ before treatment (P＜0.05).After treatment, compared with those in the control group,the scores for main symptoms like reduced food intake (t=3.924,P＜0.001),stomach noise (t=4.161,P＜0.001)and gastric or hypochondriac swelling (t=2.881,P＜0.009) decreased in the treatment group.The rate of effective cases was higher than that in the control group (χ2=4.539, P=0.033).Conclusion The effect of Weifuchun combined with Fuzhengxiaojia prescriptions in treating PLGC is better than Weifuchun alone,which is related to improving redox and immunoglobulin.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory effect of spinal topical morphine on the dorsal horn projection neurons in nerve-injured rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Single-unit activity of dorsal horn projection neurons was recorded in anesthetized L(5)/L(6) nerve-ligated rats. Allodynia was determined by a behavior test in nerve-injured rats. The evoked neuronal responses to mechanical stimuli applied to the receptive field were determined before and after the spinal topical application of morphine, bicuculline plus morphine, strychnine plus morphine, and both bicuculline and strychnine plus morphine in normal, sham operation, and nerve-injured rats. RESULTS: Spinal topical application of 10 micromol/L morphine significantly inhibited the evoked responses of dorsal horn projection neurons in normal, sham, operation and nerve-injured rats. However, the inhibitory effect of morphine was significantly reduced in nerve-injured rats compared with that in normal and sham operation rats. Furthermore, the topical application of 20 micromol/L bicuculline had little effect on the inhibitory effect of morphine in nerve-injured rats but it almost abolished the effect of morphine in normal and sham operation rats. The glycine receptor antagonist strychnine at 4 micromol/L significantly decreased the effect of morphine in nerve-injured, normal, and sham operation rats. CONCLUSION The loss of tonic GABAergic inhibition contributes to the reduced inhibitory effect of morphine on dorsal horn projection neurons in nerve-injured rats.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bicuculline ; pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Hyperesthesia ; Male ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Pain ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Posterior Horn Cells ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Nerves ; injuries