Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)is an oncofetal antigen which has been widespraad studied.A murine stage-Specific embryonic antigen(SSEA-l)is a new oncodeveloptnental antigen which appears at 8-cell stage of mouse embryo.The expression of CEA and SSEA-1 in gastric malignant and nonmalignant tissues by using immunofluorescence technique were reported in this study. Most of gastric carcinoma stained intensively for CEA (68 of 78 cases. 87. 2%) and SSEA-l(89.0%).But CEA only expressed in 15.0% of normal gastric mucosa (3/20) and SSEA-1 in 30.0%. In non-malignant gastric tissues, CEA was expressed in 61.5% (8 of 13 cases)of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 87.5%(7/8)of chronic superiicial gastritis (CSG)with intestinal metaplasia,but only 38.2% and 29.2% in CSG without intestinal metaplasia and peptic ulcer seperately. SSEA-1 existed in more than 80% of all kind of son-malignant gastric tissues, including CAG, CSG with or without intestinal metaplasia and peptic ulcer. These results indicated that CEA will be of more benefit for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma or premalignant gastric lesions than that of SSEA-1.

Objective To analyze the assessment results of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) External Quality Control Laboratories at all levels in Guizhou province and the network operation to further standardize and improve the laboratory, improve network performance, provide reliable laboratory quality assurance for epidemiological surveillance and control of IDD and reliable decision-making. Methods The results of different level of IDD labs in Guizhou that took part in the entire country's IDD lab exo-network quality control examination of 1999 - 2008, which organized by the nation iodine deficiency disorder reference lab were analyzed. Results In the past 10 years, except the provincial laboratory examination results of urinary iodine in 2000 was failed, the other results were all qualified in the rest 9 years;iodized salt examination results were qualified. The urinary iodine laboratory response rate of Guizhou provinces and municipalities(state, district), from 1999 to 2002, were 88.9%(8/9), 66.7%(6/9), 77.8%(7/9), 66.7%(6/9), respectively, and the rate was stable at 100% from 2003 to 2008. Qualifying rate reached 100% in 2007, the remaining 9 years were 33.0%(3/9) - 88.9%(8/9). The iodized salt laboratory response rates were 100%(9/9) in 2000 - 2008. The pass rates were 77.8%(7/9), 88.9%(8/9),77.8%(7/9) from 2001 to 2003, 88.9%(8/9) in 2007, and the remaining 5 years 100%. Response rate of iodized salt laboratory at the county level that participated in the External Quality Control were 66.7% (20/30), 90.0%(27/30), 80.0% (24/30), 96.7% (29/30) from 2000 to 2003, respectively, and 2006 was 96.7% (29/30), and the remaining four years were all 100% (30/30). The pass rates in 2000 - 2008 were between 53.3% (16/30) -93.3%(28/30). Conclusions The accuracy of test results of external quality controls and the normal operation of the network at all levels of laboratories is closely related to the IDD laboratory conditions, detection techniques, and the degree of attention of relevant departments and professional bodies.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of central nervous system in childhood.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic data, morphologic features and immunophenotypes were reviewed in 6 cases of AT/RT. EnVision method was applied. Antibodies include cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), muscle specific actin (MSA), glial fibrinary acid protein (GFAP), desmin, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and INI1.

RESULTSFive of the six cases of AT/RT occurred in infancy and early childhood. Histologically, the predominant component was rhabdoid cells. Cytoplasmic inclusions were present in all cases. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) component was also identified in 5 of the 6 cases studied. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin. The staining for INI1, desmin and PLAP was negative. Smooth muscle actin was expressed in 2 cases and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 5 cases. The proliferative index as demonstrated by Ki-67 staining was high.

CONCLUSIONSAT/RT is not a particularly uncommon malignancy in childhood. The histologic hallmark is the presence of rhabdoid cells with cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumor cells are positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, and negative for INI1. Differential diagnosis includes PNET, medulloblastoma and medullomyoblastoma.

Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Teratoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Infestation, moldy and other phenomenon in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines is a problem that faced in the production of Chinese traditional medicine. The low productivity of traditional processing methods can not guarantee the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Sulfur fumigation is the first choice of grassroots to process the Chinese herbal medicine with its low cost and easy operation. Sulfur fumigation can solve some problems in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines, but modern pharmacological studies show that long-term use of Chinese traditional medicine which is fumigated by sulfur can cause some serious harm to human liver, kidney and other organs. This paper conducts a review about the application history of sulfur fumigation, its influence to the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as well as domestic and foreign limits to sulfur quantity, and a brief introduction of the status of modern processing technologies in the processing of food and some Chinese herbal medicines, the problems ex- isting in the Chinese herbal medicines processing, which can provide a reference basis for the further research, development and application of investigating alternative technologies of sulfur fumigation.
Fumigation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Quality Control ; Social Control, Formal ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity in smaller cities and rural area in Sichuan province.

METHODSThe examinee aged 20 - 69 years old were interviewed and divided into five age groups (20 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59 and 60 - 69). The random sampling methods were performed in this study. A total of eight spots were survied, including 4 communities and 4 spots in rural area of Sichuan province. The information about the examinee's age, gender, occupation, education level, tooth brushing methods, the frequencies of eating fresh fruits and fruit juices and so on, were asked and recorded. All subjects were further diagnosed by a blast of air from a triple syringe connected to an air compressor at a pressure of 4 atm under room temperature of about 19 - 24°C.

RESULTSThe premolars were the most commonly affected, followed by the first molar. The exposed root surface was the most commonly affected position [63.87% (663/1038)]. The first premolar had the greatest number of teeth with dentine hypersensitivity [29.96% (311/1038)]. Different tooth had different sensitive position. Female, too much time of using a tooth brush, and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice were risk factors for dentine hypersensitivity (OR value = 2.175, 1.157, 1.760).

CONCLUSIONSDentine hypersensitivity is influenced by multiple factors. Prevention and treatment need be performed by improving general oral health and periodontal conditions.

Adult ; Aged ; Bicuspid ; pathology ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cuspid ; pathology ; Dentin Sensitivity ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Gingival Recession ; complications ; Humans ; Hydrochloric Acid ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molar ; pathology ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; complications ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tooth Root ; pathology ; Toothbrushing ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the curative effect of YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy for the treatment of middle-late liver cancer. Methods A total of 60 middle-late liver cancer patients were divided into control group and treatment group by stratified randomization method,30 cases in each group. The control group was given integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy according to the clinical pathway, including anti-cancer treatment such as vascular interrention,molecular targeted therapy,chemotherapy,radio therapy, and focal ablation therapy,as well as chinese medicine treatment based on disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation. And the treatment group was given YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy on the basis of treatment for the control group. The two groups received 12-week treatment, and then their curative effects were compared. Results The treatment group had better effect on increasing the survival rate, prolonging survival time, improving the scores of clinical symptoms, stabilizing tumor size, and increasing the scores of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS)than the control group,the difference being significant (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). Conclusion YU Yun pulse-feeling-based acupuncture therapy exerts certain curative effect for the treatment of middle-late liver cancer.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate retrospectively the results of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a minimum 1-year follow-up and to assess risk factors for recurrence.

METHODSFrom March 2002 to March 2010, 259 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors. And 188 patients (50 athletes, 138 nonathletes) were available for follow-up. The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.3 years (range, 13 - 58 years). The mean follow-up was 38.6 months (range, 12 - 110 months). All of the 188 patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) shoulder score and Rowe score system. The rate of recurrent instability, range of motion, and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated. The ASES score was 72.6 preoperatively, and Rowe score was 33.4.

RESULTSThe ASES scores improved significantly to 91.9 postoperatively (P < 0.001). The Rowe scores improved to 81.9 postoperatively (P < 0.001). And 152 patients were greatly satisfied with the results, 16 satisfied and 20 unsatisfied. The satisfactory rate was 89.4%. 24 patients (12.8%) suffered a recurrence after surgery, 14 athletes and 10 nonathletes. The recurrence rates were 28.0% in the athlete group and 7.2% in the nonathlete group. On average there was no significant loss of external rotation postoperatively (average, 75.2° preoperatively and 67.2° postoperatively). Patients under age 20, and athlete patients were associated with recurrence (P < 0.05). Other factors including length of time until surgery, type of anchors, number of anchors, presence of bony Bankart lesion, presence of a superior labrum, anterior and posterior tear, presence of posterior or inferior labrum lesion, presence of rotator cuff tear, ligamentous laxity and rotator interval closure did not influence the recurrence rate (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSArthroscopic Bankart repair is a good option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Identification of risk factors for recurrence allows for consideration of open stabilization. In the series, patients under age 20 and athlete patients are the most important risk factors for recurrence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Athletes ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder Dislocation ; pathology ; surgery ; Suture Anchors ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation in normal skin (NFb) and hyperplastic scar (SFb) by adrenaline.

METHODSHuman NFb and SFb cells were cultured in vitro. Phentolamine (in final concentrations of 0 and 3 x 10(-6) micromol/L) was added to the culture medium. One hour later, adrenaline in different final concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 micromol/L) was added to the culture medium and incubated for 24 hours. The cellular proliferation activity and cell viability rate were determined with MTT. The cell culture supernatant was harvested for the determination of LDH activity to assess the toxicity of phentolamine and adrenaline. The phosph-PKC activity was determined with Western-blotting and was semiquantitatively analyzed.

RESULTS(1) After stimulation with adrenaline alone, or combined 0.20 micromol/L adrenaline with 3 x 10(-6) micromol/L phentolamine, the cell viability of both NFb and SFb decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or 0.01). (2) There was no difference in the LDH activity between the cells either stimulated by adrenaline in all concentrations or by combination of adrenaline and phentolamine (P > 0.05). (3) The phosphorylation of PKC in NFb and SFb cells stimulated by 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 micromol/L adrenaline was obviously higher than that before stimulation (P < 0.01). When phentolamine in the concentration of 3 x 10(-6) micromol/L was used alone for stimulation, the phosphorylation of PKC in NFb cells (123 +/- 5) was also evidently higher than that before stimulation (80 +/- 5, P < 0.01). But there was no such effect on SFb cells (P > 0.05). When adrenaline in the concentration of 0.05, 0.10 or 0.20 micromol/L was separately added together with phentolamine in the dose of 3 x 10(6) micromol/L for the stimulation, the phosphorylation of PKC in NFb and SFb cells was evidently lower than that when 3 different concentrations of adrenaline was used alone for stimulation (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdrenaline can inhibit the proliferation of NFb and SFb by activating PKC through binding alpha adrenaline receptor.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Epinephrine ; adverse effects ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Phentolamine ; adverse effects ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Skin ; drug effects

This paper reported that a new type of floating osmotic pump of ambroxol hydrochloride was designed. Third method apparatus (Chinese Pharmacopeia 2010, appendix XD) was employed to simultaneously evaluate the release and floating behavior in vitro. The system was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology. Similar factor (f2) between the release profile of self-made formulation and the target release profile was chosen as dependent factor. The amount of glucose (A, mg), pore former (B, %) and weight of coating (C, %) were employed as independent factors. Optimized formulation was: A (100.99 mg), B (1.70%), C (4.21%). The value of f2 (89.14) was higher than that of market capsules (69.02) and self-made tablets (72.15). It was showed that self-made capsules possessed character of zero-order release (r = 0.994 4) and drug release completely (>90%). It was showed in result of in vivo study that tmax and Cmax of self-made capsules were significantly lower than that of market capsules and self-made tablets. The correlation coefficient between the fraction of absorption in vivo and the release rate in vitro was 0.985 1, and relative bioequivalence of self-made capsules was 110.77%. Accordingly, self-made capsules displayed obviously characteristics of controlled release both in vivo and in vitro.
Absorption ; Administration, Oral ; Ambroxol ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Capsules ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Excipients ; Female ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Male ; Osmosis ; Osmotic Pressure ; Porosity ; Random Allocation ; Solubility ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Background It is believed that defects in upper airway neuromuscular control play a role in sleep apnea pathogenesis.Currently,there is no simple and non-invasive method for evaluating neuromuscular activity for the purpose of screening in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.This study was designed to assess the validity of chin surface electromyography of routine polysomnography in evaluating the neuromuscular activity of obstructive sleep apnea subjects and probe the neuromuscular contribution in the pathogenesis of the condition.Methods The chin surface electromyography of routine polysomnography during normal breathing and obstructive apnea were quantified in 36 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea.The change of chin surface electromyography from normal breathing to obstructive apnea was expressed as the percent compensated electromyography value,where the percent compensated electromyography value =(normal breath surface electromyography-apnea surface electromyography)/normal breath surface electromyography,and the percent compensated electromyography values among subjects were compared.The relationship between sleep apnea related parameters and the percent compensated electromyography value was examined.Results The percent compensated electromyography value of the subjects varied from 1％ to 90％ and had a significant positive correlation with apnea hypopnea index (R2=0.382,P ＜0.001).Conclusions Recording and analyzing chin surface electromyography by routine polysomnography is a valid way of screening the neuromuscular activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.The neuromuscular contribution is different among subjects with obstructive sleep apnea.