Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment ; methods

Hazardous Substances ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Risk

Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Risk Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

Objective To discuss the midterm results of modular femoral prosthesis in total hip revision surgery for bone defects.Methods From December 2001 to June 2006,by using Link-MP modular femoral prosthesis for muhiple reasons(48 with asepsis loosening,seven with infections using two-stage revision procedure,one with fracture of proximal femur and one with periprosthetie fracture), total hip revision surgery was carried out in 56 eases including 24 males and 32 females with age range of 38-77 years(mean age 58.8years).Causes for revision included sterile prothesis loosening in 48 cases, infection of hip prosthesis in seven and peripheral fracture of femoral stem fracture prosthesis in one.Re- vision for infected femur was all at stageⅡ.Of 56 cases with femoral stem prosthesis loosening,30 had loosening of primary cemented prosthesis and 26 of uncemented prosthesis.According to the Mallory bone defect classification,five eases were with typeⅡbone defect,21 with typeⅢA,28 with typeⅢB and two with typeⅢC.Bone grafting was performed in 12 cases and wire or cable cerelage in 28.Fracture of great trochanter was found in two cases,fracture of femoral stem in three and perforation of femoral stem in one.Results A total of 52 eases half year after operation were followed up for mean 31.78 months (8-56 months).No migration of distal femoral stem was found in all eases except for one ease had 1.5 cm subsidence of proximal femoral stem.The Harris hip score was preoperative 46 scores(21-52)and post- operative 89(79-94).There found no significant limb discrepancy,thigh pain or dislocation.Conclu- sions Total hip revision surgery for femoral bone defect using modular femoral prosthesis has optimal midterm result especially in its advantages of regulating limb length,offset,anteversion,which can help us match the proximal femur with distal femur and achieve initial and long-term stability.

As an important part of Chinese medicinal materials, uncommon-territorial herbs are also the most complex parts in the herbal medicine markets. Through years of investigation on the key markets of Chinese herbal medicine, the meaning of uncommon-territorial herbs, their historical evolution, origin and characteristics were clarified in this paper, and some countermeasures were put forward for its development.
Biological Evolution ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Prostate cancer(PCa)is currently the second most common malignancy in men worldwide,and its incidence rate is on the rise.Most cases of PCa are treated by radical prostatectomy,but with the development of medical imaging and innovation in therapeutic theories and technology,focal therapy has shown better application prospects in the treatment of PCa.Compared with radi-cal prostatectomy,focal therapy yields satisfactory results in terms of effectiveness and reduction of complications in addition to avoid-ance of overtreatment and treatment-related financial burden.This article reviews the strategies of focal therapy for PCa,including cryo-ablation,high-intensity focused ultrasound,irreversible electroporation,and photodynamic therapy,with an analysis of the clinical tri-als in recent years.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy and its influencing factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) in the treatment of liver carcinoma.

METHODSWith a temperature-controlled multi-electrode needle, ultrasound-guided PRFA was employed to treat forty-seven patients with 67 tumor nodules, with a diameter of 2.6 +/- 1.1 cm (1.0 - 5.5 cm).

RESULTSA complete ablation (CA) rate of 80.6% was achieved in the present series, with a CA rate of 91.7% in the tumors < or = 3 cm in diameter, 75.0% in tumors from 3.1 to 4.0 cm, and 14.3% in tumors > 4 cm. The CA rate was significantly greater in tumors with a temperature rising up to 70 degrees C within the initial 2 minutes at ablation as compared with that longer than 2 minutes (P < 0.05). A markedly higher CA rate was obtained in tumors with an ablation-maintaining temperature of over 80 degrees C than that between 70 degrees C and 80 degrees C (P < 0.01). All patients were followed up with a mean time of 11.3 months. The local recurrence rate was 9.3% (5/54), and 1-year survival rate was 82.1%. Eighteen patients (38.3%) had a distant recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSThe tumor size, temperature-rising time and ablation-maintaining temperature represented the important factors affecting the therapeutic efficacy of PRFA.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Temperature ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation on axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats.

METHODSTwenty-four rats were divided into experimental and control groups, each group having 12 rats. The spinal cord injury was established by transecting the spinal cord at T10 level with microsurgery scissors. OECs were purified from SD rat olfactory bulb and cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's minimum essential medium) and cryopreserved (-120 degree) for two weeks. OECs suspension [(1-1.4)x10(5)/ul] was transplanted into transected spinal cord, while the DMEM solution was injected instead in the control group. At 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation, the rats were evaluated with climbing test and MEP (moter evoked potentials) monitoring. The samples of spinal cord were procured and studied with histological and immunohistochemical stainings.

RESULTSAt 6 weeks after transplantation, all of the rats in both transplanted and control groups were paraplegic, and MEPs could not be recorded. Morphology of transplanted OECs was normal, and OECs were interfused with host well. Axons could regrow into gap tissue between the spinal cords. Both OECs and regrown axons were immunoreactive for MBP. No regrown axons were found in the control group. At 12 weeks after transplantation, 2 rats (2/7) had lower extremities muscle contraction, 2 rats (2/7) had hip and/or knee active movement, and MEP of 5 rats (5/7) could be recorded in the calf in the transplantation group. None of the rats (7/7) in the control group had functional improvement, and none had MEPs recorded. In the transplanted group, histological and immunohistochemical methods showed the number of transplanted OECs reduced and some regrown axons had reached the end of transected spinal cord. However, no regrown axons could be seen except scar formation in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSCryopreserved OECs could integrated with the host and promote regrowing axons across the transected spinal cord ends.

Animals ; Axons ; pathology ; physiology ; Cell Transplantation ; Cryopreservation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; Olfactory Nerve ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of surgical resection of 103 hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODSOne hundred and three consecutive cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection at our hospital over the past ten years were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data and long-term outcome were analyzed.

RESULTSOut of 103 cases, 43 patients underwent radical resection (41.7%), and 60 patients underwent palliative resection. There were 34 patients developed postoperative complications and 8 patients died in hospital. For the radical resection group, the median survival time was 29.9 months and 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rate was 69.6%, 42.0%, 20.9%, respectively, which was significant greater than 34.1%, 10.2%, 0 of the palliative resection group (P < 0.05). Over the past five years, 42 cases underwent pre-operative drainage of bile and the rate of combined liver resection reached 53.8%. The tumor radical resection rate has increased to 45.7%, the median survival time have reached 24.7 months (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSImprovement of pre-operative management, intraoperative pathology for resection margin, and combined liver resection may help in increasing the radical resection rate. Radical resection can improve postoperative survival, and produce a satisfactory outcome for patient with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; mortality ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

The aim of this study was to investigate the best method to preserve human bone marrow cells and the effectiveness of long term cryopreservation at -80 degrees C. The human bone marrow cells in 20 samples were firstly frozen by a programmed freezer or -80 degrees C refrigerator, and then were preserved in liquid nitrogen with DMSO-AuP (10% dimethylsulfonamide, 10% autologous plasma) or DMSO-HES-HuA (5% dimethylsulfonamide, 6% hydroxyethyl starch, 4% human serum albumin) as cryoprotectant for 21 to 25 years. They were thawed in 38 degrees C. The cell sample frozen in -80 degrees C refrigerator was frozen at a low frozen speed of 1 degrees C/min which was the same as the programmed freezer before -30 degrees C. Before detection the bone marrow cells were taken from liquid nitrogen and were thawed in 38 degrees C, then the suspension of bone marrow cells was prepared for detection. The cell morphology and recovery rate of erythrocytes, nucleocytes and platelets; the recovery rate of hematopoietic stem progenitors cells, as well as mesenchymal stem cells were determined. The results showed that the protective effectiveness of DMSO-HES-HuA was better than DMSO-AuP. The mature erythrocytes were destroyed lightly [(3.5 +/- 1.5)% versus (12.6 +/- 4.8)%], the hemolysis rate was lower [(3.3 +/- 1.6)% versus (23.1 +/- 5.1)%]. Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the former was not changed, but was dropped in the latter. The recovery rates of red cell, platelet, granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units and long term culture-initiating cells were higher in the former than that in the latter [(96.1 +/- 1.8)%, (70.0 +/- 9.5)%, (49.2 +/- 10.9)%, (54.2 +/- 13.8)% versus (76.3 +/- 5.6)%, (52.7 +/- 8.1)%, (43.5 +/- 12.3)%, (47.2 +/- 13.6)% respectively]. With each kind of cryoprotectant or frozen method, the frozen MSC could keep the original growth properties. With the same cryoprotectant and different frozen method, the cryopreservative effectiveness was not different. The influence of the cryoprotectant prescriptions and the frozen methods on the cryopreservative effectiveness was little. It is concluded that the human bone marrow cells with DMSO-AuP or DMSO-HES-HuA as cryoprotectant, frozen by a programmed freezer or -80 degrees C refrigerator, could be then preserved in liquid nitrogen for long time. When the preserving time was as long as 21 to 25 years, the morphology, the recovery rate and the activity of various kinds of cells were still good. The method of freezing by -80 degrees C refrigerator with 5% DMSO-6% HES-4% HuA and preserving in liquid nitrogen would be convenient, cheap and easily-manipulated for preservation of the human bone marrow cells.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Survival ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Cryoprotective Agents ; Humans ; Nitrogen ; Time Factors