OBJECTIVETo study the pathogens, drug sensitivity and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 401 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or longer from January 2008 to February 2012. Eighty-five of the 401 neonates suffered VAP.

RESULTSThe main pathogens for VAP were Gram-negative bacteria (97%), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (51%), Acinetobacter baumannii (17%) and Escherichia coli (12%) as the three most frequent ones. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens developed resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, and cefotaxime, with a susceptibility rate of below 15%, and demonstrated decreased sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem, with a susceptibility rate of below 75%. The independent risk factors for neonatal VAP included birth weight (OR=1.399, P<0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation (OR=1.966, P<0.01), length of hospital stay (OR=1.812, P<0.01), times of tracheal intubation (OR=2.056, P<0.01), and 1 min Apgar score (OR=2.146, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of neonatal VAP is influenced by many factors. The main pathogens for neonatal VAP are Gram-negative bacteria and antibacterial agents should be properly used according to drug sensitivity test results. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of VAP.

Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; etiology ; microbiology ; Risk Factors

Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Bone Marrow ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Myeloid Cells ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; mortality ; Survival Rate

A slight halophilic denitrifying bacteria(designated GYL)was screened from the activated sludge which was used to treat high-salinity wastewater.According to the results of morphological observation,physiological and biochemical test,sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA,strain GYL was identified as Halo-monas sp..This strain could survive at 10% salinity and the optimal salinity range for growth was 2%~7%.The suitable pH value for growth was 7.5~8.5 and sucrose was the most effective carbon source.The nitro-gen removal efficiency exceeded 80% when the temperature ranged from 25?C to 30?C.Meanwhile hetero-trophic nitrification characteristics of this strain were measured.Results showed that this strain was able to realize SND and ammonia removal rate was 98.3%.It showed that this strain could perform the whole proc-ess of bacteria denitrification independently.

ObjectiveTo determine the distribution of the single neucleutide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in Chinese Han population. Methods252 healthy Chinese Han subjects were studied with PCR technique. The results were compared with the data on European Caucasians reported. ResultsThe frequencies of VEGF gene allele C and A were respectively 71.8% and 28.2%. The genotypes of CC, CA and AA were 48.8%, 46.0% and 5.2%, respectively. The frequencies of VEGF promoter 2578A/A polymorphism in Chinese Han population were significantly different from those in European Caucasian population(P<0.01). Conclusion2578A/A homozygote which results to low VEGF expression of Chinese Han subjects is remarkably less than that of European Caucasians.

OBJECTIVETo study the brain protection and the possible mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).

METHODSSuccessfully establishing a neonatal rat model of HIBD, hUC-MSCs labeled with BrdU were transplanted into the lateral ventricle 24 hours after HIBD. The number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Caspase-3 were detected by TUNEL and Western blot respectively at 24 and 48 hours after transplantation. The neurological functions of HIBD rats were evaluated by Longa score, and the survival, differentiation and pro-differentiation effects of hUC-MSCs were identified by immunofluorescence at 1 to 3 weeks after transplantation.

RESULTSAt 24 and 48 hours after transplantation, apoptotic cells and Caspase-3 expression in the MSCs group were less than in the HIBD group (P<0.05). At 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation, the Longa score in the MSCs group was lower than in the HIBD group (P<0.05). After transplantation, positive cells labeled with BrdU were seen in the brain tissue. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific esterase (NSE) in the MSCs group were higher than in the HIBD and sham-operated control groups (P<0.05), and increased gradually with the transplantation time (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONShUC-MSCs transplantation in HIBD rats can inhibit Caspase-3 expression and reduce apoptotic cells in the early stage, and in the later period, the survival hUC-MSCs can differentiate into neural-like cells and promote the differentiation of endogenous neural-like cells, providing protective effects to brain.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To compare the prophylactic efficacy of combination of ganciclovir and acy- clovir or acyclovir alone against cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.Methods A to- tal of 217 renal transplant recipient(124 men and 93 women;mean age,32 years;age range,16-72 years) were divided into 3 groups randomly.In 51 cases,acyclovir was taken orally at a dose of 400 mg,3/d,from the third d to 3 months after transplantation.In 74 cases,ganciclovir was administered at a dose of 250 mg/d intravenously from the 21st d to 27th d to replace Acyclovir.In 92 cases,no prophylaxis against eytomegalov- irus pneumonia was performed.All patients were followed 3 months after transplantation.Comparison of the incidence rates of cytomegalovirus pneumonia among the 3 groups was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results Cytomegalovirus pneumonia developed in 20 cases in the 3 groups,including 4 cases(5.4%) in combined use group,2 cases(3.9%)in acyclovir alone group,and 14 cases(15.2%)in control group. Significant difference existed between the 2 experimental and control groups(P＜0.05).However,no signifi- cant difference existed between the 2 experimental groups(P＞0.05).Of the 20 cases,17(85.0%)were cured,and 3 died of respiratory failure.Conclusions Ganciclovir and acyclovir have prophylactic effect a- gainst cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.These 2 medications are inexpensive,and the patients have good compliance.

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogen distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infection in very preterm infants, as well as the risk of adverse outcomes.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 111 very preterm infants who were born between January and December, 2016 and had a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g. According to the presence or absence of nosocomial infection after 72 hours of hospitalization, the infants were divided into infection group and non-infection group. The infection group was analyzed in terms of pathogenic bacteria which caused infection and their drug sensitivity. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the potential risk factors and risk of adverse outcomes of nosocomial infection in very preterm infants.

RESULTSGram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens for nosocomial infection in very preterm infants and accounted for 54%, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common one; the following pathogens were fungi (41%), among which Candida albicans was the most common one. The drug sensitivity test showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to β-lactam and carbapenems and highly sensitive to quinolones, while fungi had low sensitivity to itraconazole and high sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B. Early-onset sepsis, duration of peripherally inserted central catheter, steroid exposure, and duration of parenteral nutrition were risk factors for nosocomial infection in very preterm infants (P<0.05). Compared with the non-infection group, the infection group had significantly higher risks of pulmonary complications (P<0.05), as well as a significantly longer length of hospital stay and a significantly higher hospital cost (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSNosocomial infection in very preterm infants is affected by various factors and may increase the risk of adverse outcomes. In clinical practice, reasonable preventive and treatment measures should be taken with reference to drug sensitivity, in order to improve the prognosis of very premature infants.

Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)can result in serious outcomes including death during the newborn period and permanent neuropsychological handicaps in the form of cerebral palsy,learning disability,epilepsy and so on.So far,there have been no effective treatments in clinical practice.Stem cell transplantation therapy brings new hope for HIE treatment.Among them,umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have many advantages such as rich source,easy collection,shorter doubling time,lower immunogenicity and long-term survi-val after transplantation,it will have a broad application prospects as a cell source for the treatment of neonatal HIE.

Objective To explore the effect of early supportive nursing care for very low birth weight infants on gastrointestinal function development. Methods A total of 127 very low birth weight infants transfered to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) on the same term were divided randomly into two groups: one group including 65 infants was provided with early supportive nursing care intervention being detained gastric tube within four hours postnatally, gastric lavage with saline , enteral nutrition with breast milk, musical touches and another (62 cases) was provided with the routine nursing by the conventional method. Results Serum motilin,epidermal growth factor and ponderal growth were much better than those in the control group (P ＜0. 01 ). The relief time of abdominal bloating, setting up time of function of suck and swallow, the time of feed with full dose, the time of birth-weight regain, perioperation, and infantincubator were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜ 0.01 ). Complication wass less than the compared group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions The intervention of early supportive nursing care completely promotes development of function of gastric bowel line,reduce complication and enhancelivability and quality of life.

Objective To study the effects of early preventive nursing intervention on the hyperbilirubinemia for premature children.Methods Divided 110 premature children in ICU into the observation group (55 cases) and the control group (55 cases) randomly.Routine nursing care was used in the control group,while early nursing intervention was used in the observation group,and then compared the incidence rate of hyperbilirubinemia between the two groups.Results There was statistically significant difference between observation group and control group in emergence time(4.37±1.23,2.17±1.02)d,duration(5.74±1.32,11.62±2.57) d,regression time of jaundice (8.74±2.07,11.35±3.72) d,icteric index (9.05±2.72,15.62±3.51) umol/1,and serum bilirubin (118.60±28.42,210.49±30.27) μmol/l.(P＜0.01),The incidence of abdominal distension,feeding intolerance,apnea,hyperbilirubinemia of observation group was lower than that in control group (P＜0.01),and the alleviate time of abdominal distension,buildup time of swallowing function,velocity of weight gain,time of achieve adequate feeding were significantly better than in control group.Duration of stay in incubator and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly shorter than in control group (P＜0.01),and medical costs was less than in control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions Early nursing intervention can effectively prevent premature children from hyperbilirubinemia.