Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Glycoproteins ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Testicular Hormones ; blood ; Testis ; growth & development

Objective To compare the different effects of 1% diatrizoate meglumine,2.5% mannitol and water as oral contrasts in PET/CT scan in gastrointestinal tract delineation and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Methods Sixty-one patients referred for PET/CT scan without gastrointestinal diseases were divided into three groups randomly ( random number method). One liter of 1% diatrizoate meglumine,2.5% mannitol,or water was orally taken by groups 1 (25 cases),2 (20 cases) and 3 ( 16 cases),respectively before scan. The scan was performed with GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner in two-dimensional (2D) mode 50 min after 18F-FDG (5.55 MBq/kg) injection. Patients with abdominal lesions were excluded from this study. The degree of gastrointestinal filling and 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated by 3 nuclear medicine physicians using visual analysis according to a 4-grade classification method:none,mild,moderate,and high. Statistically analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis,Mann-Whitney and paired t tests.Results Both the differences of serum glucose and insulin levels were not significant before and after contrast taken in group 2. Group 2 had better gastrointestinal filling than that of group 1 and also better than group 3 except in rectum. The stomach,jejunum,ascending,and transverse colon were better filled in group 1 than in group 3. The degree of 18F-FDG uptake of group 3 was significantly higher than that of group 2 in stomach,jejunum and ileum (z= -3. 192,-3.290,-3.290,all P＜0.05),and was also significantly higher than that of group 1 (z = - 3. 603,P ＜ 0.05) in jejunum. The degree of 18 F-FDG uptake of group 3 was significantly lower than that of group 1 in ascending colon (z = - 2. 706,P ＜ 0. 05 ) and was significantly lower than that of group 1 and 2 in transverse and descending colon (z= - 3. 503,- 2.403,- 4.225,-4. 027,all P ＜0.05),and was also significantly lower than that of group 2 in rectum (z = -4. 128,P ＜0. 01 ). The maximum CT values in stomach,jejunum,ileum and ascending colon in group 1 were ( 132 ±23),(191 ±31),(313 ±47) and (374±53) HU,respectively,whose difference was significant (t = -7.088--1.781,all P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Oral iso-osmotic mannitol intake has better gastrointestinal filling and less physiological 18F-FDG uptake compared to diatrizoate meglumine and water.

·AIM:To investigate and analyse the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy severity in Qingdao. ·METHODS: This survey consisted of the 2 following parts: 2859 community residents aged >60 years old and 4275 patients with T2DM who were older than 30 years old in Qingdao. Ophthalmic examinations were performed on all patients. A questionnaire was used to obtain the patient's age and gender, the duration of diabetes mellitus(DM), glycaemic control and their knowledge of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ). Blood pressure and haemoglobin levels were recorded. All included patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included a fundus examination and retinal photographs and that assigned a grade for the severity of retinopathy according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) severity scale. Patients with severe non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema ( CSME ) required ophthalmic therapy were assigned to the need-treatment group, while the remaining patients with DR were assigned to the need-observation group. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the required-treatment rate and risk factors for DR. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age, gender and the duration of diabetes. ·RESULTS: DR was present in 334 (11. 68% ) of the 2859 community residents aged > 60 years old and 1097 (25. 66% ) of the 4275 hospital patients with T2DM, and 48 (14. 81% ) of the residents and 172 ( 15. 68% ) of the hospital patients required ophthalmic therapy. In univariate and multivariate logistic analyses, factors including the age of the patients (51-60 years old: OR, 1. 68; 95% CI, 1. 21-1. 72; 61-70 years old: OR, 1. 55;95% CI, 1. 38-1. 76), the duration of diabetes (11-15 years:OR, 2. 61; 95% CI, 1. 51-4. 72; >15 years: OR, 4. 15; 95% CI, 2. 32-5. 77), glycaemic control (medium: OR, 2. 51;95%CI,1.98-3.92;poor:OR,4.69;95%CI,3.39-6.95), and knowledge of DR ( did not understand: OR, 1. 45;95%CI, 1. 21-1. 95) were significantly associated with the required-treatment rate in DR, while gender, low and advanced age ( 31-50 years old and >70 years old ), duration of disease (<10y), hypertension, and insulin treatment did not. ·CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate and the required-treatment rate in DR in Qingdao are relatively high. Being aged 51-70 years old and having a duration of diabetes>10y, poor glycaemic control and a lack of knowledge of DR were found to be potential risk factors that increased the rate of required ophthalmic therapy in patients with DR. In patients with T2DM who were aged 51-70 years old, we found that focusing on using science and education to strengthen the patients' knowledge of DR, establishing specifications for a community DR screening system, and effectively implementing early intervention in the community of DR - affected individuals were particularly important for preventing and controlling the high DR prevalence and the high rate of DR-associated blindness

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of determining ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR combined with microarray (PCR-microarray) in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

METHODSAscitic bacterial 16SrRNA was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR-microarray in 76 cases of suspected SBP and 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases. The results were compared with ascitic bacterial culture simultaneously.

RESULTSOf 76 ascitic samples, 17 were detected bacteria positive by PCR-microarray, including 8 Grams positive(G+) and 9 Grams negative(G-), which was higher than that by bacterial culture which had only 6 ascitic samples detected positive (all G-); the positive rates were 22.4% vs 7.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The bacterial strains detected by both methods in 6 cases had a consistency with each other. No bacteria were detected in another 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases.

CONCLUSIONSDetermination of ascitic bacteria 16S rRNA by PCR-microarray has a higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of SBP as compared with the bacteria culture. Application of this novel method can not only accelerate SBP diagnosis but also stratify the different pathogens.

Adult ; Aged ; Ascitic Fluid ; microbiology ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peritonitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; RNA, Bacterial ; isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination in the rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

METHODS16S rRNA gene from bacterial DNA in ascites was determined by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 76 patients with suspected SBP and 6 patients with non-infectious ascites. The results were compared with those obtained from bacterial culture.

RESULTSThe positive rate of SBP was 22.4% among patients detected with ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR, which was significantly higher than that (7.9%) in patients only received bacterial culture (P<0.05). In addition,in 6 patients with non-infectious ascites,both the 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR and bacterial culture showed negative results.

CONCLUSIONS16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR can be an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of SBP. It is more sensitive than the bacterial culture.

Adult ; Aged ; Ascitic Fluid ; microbiology ; Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

OBJECTIVETo determine the molecular basis of late onset ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency in a Chinese family of Han nationality and the exon sequences of OTC gene of this patient.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing were used to identify the mutation type.

RESULTSA missense mutation E122G in the conserved residue of exon 4 was identified which is unreported before.

CONCLUSIONThe E122G mutation in human OTC gene may cause late onset OTC deficiency.

Age of Onset ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation, Missense ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein Structure, Secondary

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) reconstructions using Achilles tendon-bone allografts.

METHODSAssociated meniscus injuries were treated according to established methods prior to ligament reconstructions during arthroscopic surgery. Thirty Achilles tendon-bone allografts were used to reconstruct torn ACL and PCL in 15 knees. At postoperative follow-up, all knees were graded using the modified IKDC and the Lysholm scoring systems just as done preoperatively.

RESULTSwere analyzed compared with the contralateral healthy knees. Results: Eleven men and 4 women with a minimum of 3-year follow-up (mean 38 months) were included in the study. Preoperatively, the group ratings by the modified IKDC standards were all severely abnormal. Twelve bicruciate reconstructions were performed in subacute or chronic stage (larger than 3-8 weeks), 3 for acute ligamentous deficiencies (less than or equal to 3 weeks). The noticeable early complication was transitory local fever combined with joint effusion in one case. At postoperative follow-up, 9 knees were normal, 5 nearly normal and 1 abnormal. On Lysholm score the difference was statistically significant (t- test, P less than 0.001) before and after operation.

CONCLUSIONSAchilles tendon-bone allograft offers an alternative for simultaneous arthroscopic ACL/PCL reconstructions. However, further investigation is needed to eradicate its potential immunogenicity for better use.

Achilles Tendon ; transplantation ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors that affect the prognosis of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PGI-NHL).

METHODSThe clinical data of 116 patients with pathologically confirmed PGI-NHL we treated from January 1993 to December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used for analyzing the survival of the patients, and Log-rank test was performed to compare the survival rates in relation to different prognostic factors.

RESULTSThe 3-year and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 63.8% (74/116) and 48.2% (40/83), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the factors affecting the prognosis of the patients included the presence of B symptom, tumor size, clinical stage, pathological type, depth of invasion, and treatment methods. The patients with B symptom, tumor size no less than 10 cm, advanced clinical stage (stages III(E) and IV(E)), T-cell type, and invasion beyond the serosa who received only surgical management had poorer prognosis than those free of B symptom with tumor size <10 cm, early clinical stage (stages I(E) and II(E)), B-cell type, and submucosal or serosal invasion managed with chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that B symptom, tumor size no less than 10 cm, advanced clinical stage (stages III(E) and IV(E)), T-cell type, invasion beyond the serosa, and surgery alone were independently associated with poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONThe tumor size, clinical stage, pathological type, treatment methods are the independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with PGI-NHL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of endogenetic field hyperthermia (EFH) in combination with L-OHP /LV / 5-FU in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

METHODSThis study included 147 surgical patients with stage II-IV gastric cancer, who received postoperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX (L-OHP 85 mg /m square, 3 h intravenous infusion, followed by infusion of LV at 200 mg /m square in 2 h, intravenous injection of 5-Fu at 400 mg /m square, and intravenous infusion of 5-FU at 3000 mg /m square in 48 h). Eight treatment cycles (each lasting for 14 days) were administered. In 68 cases randomly selected from the cohort, EFH was performed on the first and third days (treatment group), but not in the other 79 cases (control group).

RESULTSThe response rate was 68.4% in the treatment group and 36.4% in the control group, showing significant difference between them (P<0.05). The 1-year survival rate was 88.2% in the treatment group, similar to the rate of 81.0% in the control group (P< 0.05), but the 3, 5-year survival rates in treatment group (67.6% and 30.9%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (47.6% and 15.4%, P<0.05). The adverse effects were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONEFH combined with the chemotherapeutic regimen FOLFOX might improve the therapeutic effect of stage II-IV gastric cancer without obviously increasing the adverse effects.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Leucovorin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of borneol on nasal absorption enhancement of ligustrazine.

METHODThe rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Xiongbing nasal spray group (group A), Chuanxiong nasal spray group (group B) and Xiongbing group by decoction intragastric administration (group C). All the rats were decapitated at several time points after administration. The whole brains of rats were taken to homogenate and detected the concentrations of ligustrazine.

RESULTCompared with group B and C, group A has its characteristics: quick absorption, quick distribution and quick excretion of ligustrazine.

CONCLUSIONNasal administration is a quick-acting way for ischemic cerebral vessel insufficientia. Borneol promoted nasal absorption of ligustrazine into brain.

Animals ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Bornanes ; pharmacology ; Drug Administration Routes ; Female ; Kinetics ; Male ; Nose ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley