The incidence rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) is reportedly as high as 30-90% after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life. Penile rehabilitation is defined as the use of any drug or device at or after radical prostatectomy to maximize erectile function recovery. A variety of treatment options are available for post-prostatectomy ED patients, including oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5I) , intracorporal injections, vacuum erection device, and penile prosthesis. This article presents an overview of the currently used methods for the drug treatment and penile rehabilitation of the ED patients after radical prostatectomy. It seems proper to recommend daily use of a vacuum erection device plus oral PDE5I in the early postoperative period. For those who fail to respond to this therapy, intraurethral alprostadil, intracorporal injections, or a penile prosthesis could be considered.
Alprostadil ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Penile Prosthesis ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Recovery of Function ; Vacuum

Objective To explore the effects of overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor 1? (HIF 1?) mRNA on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and novoendotheliasis in venous autografts Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups with 28 rats in each group A rat experimental model of autogenous vein graft was established by transplanting the right external jugular vein into between the interrupted right common carotid artery The transplanted vein in the experimental group was first immersed into a solution containing recombinant adeno associated virus (rAAV) HIF 1? for 45 minutes Vein grafts and blood simples were taken at 7 or 14 days after transplantation RT PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry were used to detected HIF 1? mRNA and VEGF expression Results HIF 1? mRNA and VEGF protein remarkably increased in experimental group, and serum level of E selectin significantly decraesed at day 14 The novoendotheliasis and myo endothelium junction in vein grafts were remodeled at day 14 in the experimental group Conclusion Re establishment of the structure and function of the autograft vein graft endothelium was accelerated by overexpressed HIF 1? mRNA

Sixteen compounds have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Sophora dunnii through silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-prerarative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra data as phaseollidin (1), L-maackiain (2), 2-(2',4'-dihidroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy benzofuran (3), 8-demethyl-farrerol (4), liquiritigenin (5), genistein (6), 6-methylgenistein (7), 5-O-methyl genistein (8), 7,2',4'-trihydroxys-5-methoxy-isoflavanone (9), 7, 3', 4'-trihydroxy-isoflavanone (10), erythribyssin D (11), calycosin (12), trans-resveratrol (13), cis-resveratrol (14), stigmasterol (15), β-sitosterol (16). Among these, compounds 1-14 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chemical Fractionation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Sophora ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% (961/82 558), and was 1.12% (1345/119 671) outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%(82/6959) and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects and mechanism of heat shock response (HSR) on circulatory collapse induced by hyperthermia.

METHODSTwo experiments were carried out: (1) Protective effects of HSR. Rats were divided into 2 groups: heat shock (HS) group, sham control (SC) group. After HS group was pretreated with heat shock and recovered for 20 h at room temperature, both groups were exposed to heat till death, and blood pressure, electrocardiogram were measured continuously during exposure. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), survival time etc were acquired through Chart software. (2) Mechanism of effects. Rats were divided into 3 groups: HS group, SC group and normal control (NC) group. The treatment in HS and SC groups was identical with that in the first experiment, but it would be terminated at 73 min after heat exposure. Systolic pressure (Ps), diastolic pressure (Pd) etc were recorded and content of NO and HSP70 in myocardium were measured.

RESULTS(1) The survival time in HS group [(102.3 +/- 11.4) min] was longer than that in SC group [(87.9 +/- 7.7) min] and shock revealed later (P < 0.01); (2) During early heat exposure MAP in HS group was not different from that in SC group, but after 60 min MAP in HS group were higher than that in SC group; (3) MAP, Ps, Pd, HR and HSP70 in HS group were significantly higher but content of NO was lower than those in SC group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHSR may induce upregulation of HSP70 and inhibit excessive production of NO in myocardium, thus result in relief of circulatory collapse induced by hyperthermia.

Animals ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; analysis ; Heat-Shock Response ; physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shock ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the association between fluid overload and acute kidney injury (AKI) after congenital heart disease surgery in infants.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on 88 infants aged less than 6 months who underwent a radical surgery for congenital heart disease. The treatment outcomes were compared between the infants with AKI after surgery and those without. The effect of cumulative fluid overload on treatment outcomes 2 days after surgery was analyzed. The risk factors for the development of AKI after surgery were assessed by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSCompared with those without AKI after surgery, the patients with AKI had younger age, lower body weights, higher serum creatinine levels and higher vasoactive-inotropic score, as well as longer durations of intraoperative extracorporeal circulation and aortic occlusion (P<0.05). Compared with those without AKI after surgery, the patients with AKI had a higher transfusion volume, a higher incidence rate of low cardiac output syndrome, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), a longer length of hospital stay, a higher application rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a higher 30-day mortality rate, and higher levels of cumulative fluid overload 2 and 3 days after surgery (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that fluid overload and low cardiac output syndrome were major risk factors for the development of AKI after surgery. The children with cumulative fluid overload >5% at 2 days after surgery had a higher incidence rate of low cardiac output syndrome, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer length of stay in the ICU, a longer length of hospital stay, and a higher mortality rate (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInfants with fluid overload after surgery for congenital heart disease tend to develop AKI, and fluid overload may be associated with poor outcomes after surgery.

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Body Fluids ; metabolism ; Cardiac Output, Low ; etiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated by heart and lung failure and treatment experience.

METHODSA total of 198 children with severe HFMD between March and August in 2011 were enrolled. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors severe HFMD complicated by heart and lung failure. The effects of combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin were observed.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis indicated that HFMD patients with heart and lung failure had higher proportions of consciousness, tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics, increased troponin and EV71 infection than HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection were the main risk factors for heart and lung failure. Compared with combination therapy with dexamethasone+ribavirin, combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was more effective for preventing hemodynamic changes in children with severe HFMD (P<0.01). Compared with HFMD patients with heart and lung failure, the effect of the combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was better in HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe main risk factors for heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD include tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection. Early combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin can reduce the incidence of heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD.

Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; complications ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ampelopsin on B16 melanoma's invasion and metastasis in vivo and in vitro.

METHODB16 mouse melanoma cells were injected into C57BL/6 mouse via tail lateral vein, which subsequently colonized into the animal lungs to form an experimental pulmonary metastasis of tumor cell. The ampelopsin was administered at 3 dosages by intraperitoneal injection daily for 18 days from the day before the cells injection. The B16 mouse melanoma cells were exposed to ampelopsin for 3 days. The effects of ampelopsin on invasion, migration and adhesion of B16 melanoma cells were evaluated with Transwell chambers or attachment with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel).

RESULTThe number of metastases in the animals that were given ampelopsin 150, 200, and 250 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) was significantly reduced as compared to the vehicle control (P<0.05), and the inhibition rates were 30.97%, 40.58%, and 61.16%, respectively. The ability of the ampelopsin treated B16 cells to invade the reconstituted basement membrane was decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the inhibition rates were 36.06%, 59.58%, and 79.09% at 20 micromol x L(-1), 40 micromol x L(-1) and 80 micromol x L(-1) concentration, respectively. Ampelopsin could also inhibit B16 cells migration through PVPF in the Transwell chambers, and the inhibition rates were 51.59%, 56.51%, and 66.75% at 20 micromol x L(-1), 40 micromol x L(-1) and 80 micromol x L(-1), respectively (P<0.01). The ability of adhesion of the B16 cells by ampelopsin treated cells on fibronectin, laminin, or Matrigel was decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONAmpelopsin has anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects on B16 melanoma.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lauraceae ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary ; Male ; Melanoma, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

BACKGROUNDH3N2 subtype influenza A viruses have been identified in humans worldwide, raising concerns about their pandemic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A virus. The aim of this study was to establish a system for rescuing of a cold-adapted high-yielding H3N2 subtype human influenza virus by reverse genetics.

METHODSIn order to generate better and safer vaccine candidate viruses, a cold-adapted high yielding reassortant H3N2 influenza A virus was genetically constructed by reverse genetics and was designated as rgAA-H3N2. The rgAA-H3N2 virus contained HA and NA genes from an epidemic strain A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) in a background of internal genes derived from the master donor viruses (MDV), cold-adapted (ca), temperature sensitive (ts), live attenuated influenza virus strain A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (MDV-A).

RESULTSIn this presentation, the virus HA titer of rgAA-H3N2 in the allantoic fluid from infected embryonated eggs was as high as 1:1024. A fluorescent focus assay (FFU) was performed 24-36 hours post-infection using a specific antibody and bright staining was used for determining the virus titer. The allantoic fluid containing the recovered influenza virus was analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the specific inhibition was found.

CONCLUSIONThe results mentioned above demonstrated that cold-adapted, attenuated reassortant H3N2 subtype influenza A virus was successfully generated, which laid a good foundation for the further related research.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dogs ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuraminidase ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Reassortant Viruses ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate quality of surveillance and emendate rates of birth and death of population of the Three Gorges area.

METHODSData on the two samples collected were designed based on principle of capture-recapture method. An investigation of missing report of birth and death was conducted in 7061 families selected through stratified random sampling method. We collected and registered the data of birth and death in every family investigated and checked with correlative records reported in disease surveillance system of the Three Gorges area. The missing report rates and the 95% confidence intervals of birth rate and death rate were calculated.

RESULTSThe underreporting rates of birth and death were 13.91% and 15.60% and death of infant was 33.33%. The emended birth rate was 8.92 per thousandth and the 95% confidence interval of birth rate was 8.38 per thousandth-9.45 per thousandth. The emended report rate of death was 6.88 per thousandth and the collectivity 95% confidence interval was 6.37%-7.38 per thousandth.

CONCLUSIONResults showed that the quality of birth and death in the disease surveillance reporting system of Three Gorges area was competent to the quality level of the standard set for national disease surveillance system. The birth and death rates of population in the Three Gorges area were under 10.00 per thousandth.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Birth Rate ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Population Surveillance ; methods