Background Research showed that the morbidity rate of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Mongolian population is 3.02 times more than Han nationality population.To understand the cause and mechanism of PACG in Mongolia is of an important significance.Objective This study was to investigate the pathogenesis of Mongolian PACG.Methods Thirty-two eyes of 32 PACG patients in Mongolia and 40 eyes of 40 PACG patients of Han peoples were included in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital according to the diagnosis criteria of glaucoma group of Chinese Medical Ophthalmology Association (version 1987),and 13 eyes of 13 normal Mongolia and 17 eyes of 17 normal Han peoples who suffered with ocular truma were recruited as controls.Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured before surgery.The trabecular meshwork tissue was obtained from all the eyes during the operation.Annexinv-FITC/PI double staining was performed and the apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was tested with flow cytometry.Written informed consent was obtained initial of the study.Results The IOP value in Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mengolia normal group and Han normal group was (35.97±7.11)mmHg,(38.70± 6.82) mmHg,(14.69 ± 2.91) mmHg and (13.59 ± 2.91) mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups(F=106.144,P=0.000),and the IOP was significantly higher in the Mengolia PACG group and Han PACG group than the normal groups(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (7.14±0.67)％,(5.40±0.69) ％,(5.86±0.91) ％ and(2.29±0.65) ％ in the Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mongolia normal group and Han normal group,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F =174.888,P =0.000),and apoptosis rate of the Mongolia PACG group was significantly higher than that of the Han PACG group and the Mongolia normal group (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the Mongolia PACG group and the Han PACG group or between the Mongolia normal group and Han normal group (P＞0.05).The cell apoptosis rate was increased with the elevation of IOP (b =0.990,F=10.209,P =0.009) with the regression equition Y =2.788 +0.092X.Conclusions The apoptosis rate of trabecula cells in Mongolian is higher than Han people.If these results are associated with the high incidence of Mengolia PACG is worth of study.

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 in rat model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL).

METHODSThe AFL rats models were established by administering the drinking water with 40%(v/v) ethanol, and the changes of pathology in liver and hepatocyte P450IIE1 expression, as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (VitE) in liver were detected and compared with those in the control group.

RESULTSFatty degeneration in liver recovered normally in the CHC-treated group. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization examination showed that CHC could inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly, and restore the contents of MDA, SOD, GSH, VitE to nearly normal range.

CONCLUSIONCHC can prevent AFL through inhibiting the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of different dose microwave radiation on protein components of cultured rabbit lens, and analyze the mechanisms of lens injury caused by microwave radiation.

METHODSCultured rabbit lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 mW/cm(2) for 8 hours in vitro. The transparency of lens was observed. Changes of protein concentration were detected after different lens protein components were extracted, including water-soluble protein (WSP), urea soluble protein (USP), alkali soluble protein (ASP) and sonicated protein (SP). The influence of microwave radiation on WSP was analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and coomassie-blue staining.

RESULTSTransparency of lens decreased after radiation. There was obvious opacification of lens cortex after 5.00 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 8 hours. After 1.00, 2.00 and 5.00 mW/cm(2) radiation, the percentage of WSP decreased while USP increased obviously. There was no change of ASP. The percentage of SP decreased when the power of microwave was 5.00 mW/cm(2). The low molecular weight protein of WSP decreased while high molecular weight protein increased after microwave radiation.

CONCLUSIONMicrowave radiation higher than 1.00 mW/cm(2) can affect the proportion of WSP and USP in cultured rabbit lens, and cause changes of lens transparency and refractive power, which leads to lens opacity.

Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect and safety of the no-flip method versus the external method in Shang Ring circumcision.

METHODSWe searched relevant randomized controlled trials published in China and abroad comparing the no-flip method and external method of Shang Ring circumcision. Based on the Cochrane Handbook for systematic review, two reviewers independently eval- uated the quality of the included studies and abstracted relevant data, followed by a meta-analysis using the statistical software Review Manager 5.1.0.

RESULTSTotally 7 studies with 1 200 cases were included. Compared with the external method, the no-flip method was associated with a lower total rate of complications (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.87, P = 0.02), a lower incidence of postop- erative edema (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.81, P = 0.02), and a lower 24 h postoperative pain score (MD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.14, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe no-flip method of Shang Ring circumcision was superior to the external method for its advantages of fewer complications, lower incidence of postoperative edema, and mild postoperative pain. However, our findings need further support by more high-quality randomized controlled trials.

China ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Edema ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of millimeter wave exposure at low power density on gene expression in human keratinocytes (HaCaT).

METHODSHaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to 30.16 GHz millimeter wave with power densities of 1.0 or 3.5 mW/cm2 for 30 min per day. Gene expression profiles were obtained using the Affymetrix human genome U95A GeneChip. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm the differential expression of genes obtained from Genechip analysis.

RESULTPAR-2 and ERGIC-53 genes in HaCaT cells were up-regulated by 3.5 mW/cm2 millimeter wave exposure for 4 times. ERGIC-53 gene was also up-regulated by 1.0 mW/cm2 millimeter wave exposure for 4 times. However, no significant change for PAR-2 expression was found after the same exposure.

CONCLUSIONMillimeter wave exposure could affect gene expression in human keratinocytes, which might be related to the intensity and the times of exposure.

Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microwaves ; Radiation ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) can change the gene expression profile in MCF-7 cells and to screen MF responsive genes.

METHODSIn vitro cultured MCF-7 cells were continuously exposed or sham-exposed to 0.4 mT of 50 Hz MF for 24 hours. Affymetrix Human Genome Genechips (U133A) were applied to analyze gene expression profiles in MF exposed and sham-exposed MCF-7 cells and the data were processed with Genechip data analysis software MAS 5.0 and DMT 3.0. Real-time RT-PCR assay was employed to examine the differentially expressed genes.

RESULTThirty differentially expressed genes were screened with 100 % consistency change calls in the MF exposed MCF-7 cells. Six independent real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that SCNN1A, METTL3 and GPR137B were slightly but statistically significantly changed in MCF-7 cells after exposure to 50 Hz MF (P<0.05), while other analyzed genes exhibited slight up-and down-fluctuations in expressions and no increase or decrease in each gene expression reached statistical significance (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe present study identified three 50 Hz MF responsive genes in MCF-7 cells and the biological consequences of expression changes in these MF responsive genes need to be further investigated.0.4 mT 50 Hz MF exposure for longer duration might induce DNA double-strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells in vitro.

Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radio Waves ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) on DNA double-strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells (hLECs).

METHODSThe cultured human lens epithelial cells were exposed to 0.4 mT 50 Hz MF for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Cells exposed to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, a DNA damage agent, at a final concentration of 0.1 micromol/L for 1 h were used as positive controls.After exposure, cells were fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde and for H2AX (gamma H2AX) immunofluorescence measurement. gamma H2AX foci were detected at least 200 cells for each sample. Cells were classified as positive when more than three foci per cell were observed. Mean values of foci per cell and percentage of foci positive cells were adopted as indexes of DNA double-strand breaks.

RESULTThe mean value of foci per cell and the percentage of gamma H2AX foci positive cells in 50 Hz MF exposure group for 24 h were (2.93 +/-0.43) and (27.88 +/-2.59)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of sham-exposure group [(1.77 +/-0.37) and (19.38+/-2.70)%, P <0.05], and the mean value of foci per cell and the percentage of gamma H2AX foci positive cells in 50 Hz MF exposure group for 48 h were (3.14 +/-0.35) and (31.00 +/-3.44)%, which were significantly higher than those of sham-exposure group (P <0.01). However there was no significant difference between 50 Hz MF exposure groups for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and sham-exposure group for above two indexes (P >0.05).

CONCLUSION0.4 mT 50 Hz MF exposure for longer duration might induce DNA double-strand breaks in human lens epithelial cells in vitro.

Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; radiation effects ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; radiation effects ; DNA Damage ; radiation effects ; DNA Repair ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among a 50 Hz magnetic field (MF)-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering,lipid rafts and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSHuman amnion FL cells were exposed to 50 Hz, 0.4 mT MF for 15 min. EGF treatment was used as positive control. Nystatin was employed to study lipid rafts since it could disrupt lipid rafts structure.The EGF receptors, ASM and lipid rafts were labeled with polyclonal anti-EGFR antibody, anti-ASM antibody and FITC-Cholera toxin B, respectively. The images were observed by laser confocal scanning microscope.

RESULTBoth EGF treatment and 50 Hz MF exposure could induce EGFR clustering; however, nystatin pretreatment disrupted this effect. MF exposure turned ASM (labeled with Cy3) from a diffused state in the sham exposure group to a concentrated state on the cell membrane, which co-localized with lipid rafts (labeled with FITC).

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the EGFR clustering induced by 50 Hz MF depends on intact lipid rafts on cellular membrane, and the ASM might participate in the process of EGFR clustering.

Cell Membrane ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Microdomains ; radiation effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect the germline polymorphic variations of Bat26 in Chinese and its significance in microsatellite instability (MSI) study of gastric cancers.

METHODSBat26 was analyzed by PCR-based denatured polyacrymide gel electrophoresis-silver stain method in peripheral blood from 389 healthy people and 34 gastric cancers with matched normal mucosa. Eleven other microsatellite loci were also detected for gastric cancers.

RESULT(1) No Bat26 variations were identified in 423 genomic DNA from peripheral blood or normal mucosa by polyacrymide gel electrophoresis. (2) Two MSI-H cancers, oth Bat26+, were detected in 34 cases of gastric cancer. The alterations of Bat26 and MSI-H status were identical (P<0.05). (3) Compared with those of RER-cancers, MSI-H (RER+)cancers showed more obvious infiltration of intraepithelial lymphocytes and peri-tumoral lymphocytes, and more pushing borders (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The germline polymorphisms of Bat26 in Chinese people are quasimonomorphic. Thus, no matched genomic DNA is needed while Bat26 was selected for tumor MSI analysis. (2) Bat26 is an independent indicator of MSI-H gastric cancers with distinct clinicopathological features.

Chromosomal Instability ; genetics ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology