Objective To find out the potential risk factor of plague in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of plague. Methods Rodents were captured by rat traps/cages at night and identified into species in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2001 to 2009. Flea was counted and serum antibodies against plague F1 of rats, cats and dogs were detected by indirect hemagglutination (IHA). Plague surveillances were performed in human beings and rats. Results The rodents captured belonged to 9 species, 2 families, 2 orders and 1 classes. The average indoor rodent density was 1.16% (961/82 558), and was 1.12% (1345/119 671) outdoors. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 50.37%. The proportion of R. Flavipectus was 3.80% in 2004, 4.50% in 2008 and 10.12% in 2009,showing an increasing trend year by year. There were three kinds of mice infected fleas in Wanzhou, which including Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Ctenocephalides felis. The average rate of flea infected mice was 1.18%(82/6959) and the total flea index was 0.036. No F1 antibody against plague was detected in 6959 dogs and 160 cats serum samples. Conclusions No plague is found in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. But R.Flavipectus, Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis are dominant species in Wanzhou section, and the proportion of which shows an increasing trends year by year. There is a potential risk of plague outbreaks in Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

[Objective] To investigate the safety and efficacy of lateral three layers approach in pelvic lymph node dissection.[Methods] From September 2016 to December 2017,12 patients 7 with bladder cancer,4 with prostate cancer and 1 with penile cancer underwent pelvic lymph node dissection were enrolled.The information of patients,complications,pathologic characteristics,and survival data were analysed.[Results] The patient average age was 60.5 (49～75) years.All operations were successful without conversion to open surgery.The average operation time was 52 (36～79) min,and the bleeding volume was 45 (25～110) mL.The postoperative complications within 30 days,Clavien Ⅰ-Ⅱ were 8 cases,Clavien Ⅲ-Ⅴ were 2 cases.The mean of lymph node dissection was 18.5,and lymph node positive percentage was 25.0％.[Conclusions] The lateral three layers approach in pelvic lymph node dissection was technically feasible.Our data has shown the recent oncological outcome is well.The outcome may need a long-term large sample study to further elaborate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the synergistical killing effect of docetaxel combined with ABT-737 on human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 by inducing apoptosis and further to determine the mechanism underlying such effect.

METHODSPC-3 cells were treated with various concentrations of docetaxel or (and) ABT-737. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy analysis of cells with condensed and segmented nuclei following staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cellular DNA was stained with propidium iodide and flow cytometric analysis was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution. Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein changes were detected by Western blot. The activity of caspase-3 was measured using a colorimetric assay.

RESULTSDocetaxel (20 nmol/L) combination with ABT-737 (400 nmol/L) for 48 hours, the cell viability was decreased to 19.7% ± 3.2% to compare with 44.2% ± 4.4% (t = 4.45) of docetaxel and 93.2% ± 1.8% of ABT-737 separately and there was a synergistic effect between the two drugs (CI = 0.8). Apoptosis rate of the combination group was higher than other two drugs. Docetaxel increased the cell number arrested in G(2)/M phase compared with control group (P < 0.05), but the combination treatment resulted in a significant arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase. The combination treatment could significantly reduced the Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression (F = 369.53, 57.89 and 32.77, all P < 0.05) and enhanced the activity of caspase-3 (419.7% ± 15.6%) (F = 207.33, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of ABT-737 with docetaxel can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells through inducing apoptosis, which may be associated with cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression and activation of caspase-3.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Male ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; metabolism ; Nitrophenols ; pharmacology ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Taxoids ; pharmacology ; bcl-X Protein ; metabolism

Adult ; Age Factors ; Athletic Injuries ; epidemiology ; Blood Group Antigens ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; education ; statistics & numerical data ; Physical Education and Training

Objective To evaluate the impact of comprehensive intervention mode on osteoporosis related knowledge and behavior among city residents aged over 40-year-old and to provide reference for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Methods Health education including self-management of osteoporosis was conducted among Chongqing city residents aged over 40-year-old for 4 consecutive months.All the subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire during face-to-face interview before and after the intervention.The changes in knowledge and daily life style were tested by Chi-square test. Results The residents surveyed were 2 028 before the intervention and 1 986 after the intervention.After the intervention, the proportion of awareness was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that before the intervention in the following: features of osteoporosis(33.23% vs 18.49%), sensitive population of osteoporosis(10.52% vs 3.75%), balanced diet to prevent osteoporosis (23.82% vs 11.09%), bone health supplements (51.06% vs 32.84%), recommended daily calcium intake for postmenopausal women and older people (34.89% vs 13.91%).After the intervention, the proportions of residents who never drink milk and its products, and never eat beans and their products were decreased significantly (13.49% vs 23.09%, and 4.94% vs 7.00%, P < 0.01).The proportion of residents who take average more than 30 minutes daily outdoor activity under sunlight was increased significantly after the intervention (64.25% vs 59.27%, P < 0.01).The proportion of residents preferring salty food was decreased significantly after the intervention (8.26% vs 14.89%, P < 0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention mode of health education in combination with traditional and new media as well as health self-management is a cost-effective prevention measure for osteoporosis, which can improve the osteoporosis cognitive level of middle-aged and senile people and the development of good behavior.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of A-kinase anchor protein 95 (AKAP95), cyclin E(2), and connexin 43 (Cx43) in lung cancer tissue, the clinical significance of their expression, and the expression correlation among the three proteins.

METHODSFifty-one samples of lung cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of AKAP95, cyclin E2, and Cx43.

RESULTSThe positive rate of AKAP95 expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (82.35% vs 33.33%, P < 0.05); AKAP95 expression was associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of cyclin E(2) expression in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (43.14% vs 13.33%, P < 0.05); cyclin E(2) expression was associated with the lymph node metastasis and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). The positive rate of Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue was lower than that in paracancerous tissue (60.78% vs 80.00%); Cx43 expression was associated with the cell differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and histopathological type of lung cancer (P < 0.05). There was correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue.

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of AKAP95 and cyclin E(2) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. AKAP95 expression is associated with the cell differentiation and histopathological type of lung cancer, and cyclin E2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and histopathological type. There is correlation between each two of AKAP95 expression, cyclin E(2) expression, and Cx43 expression in lung cancer tissue.

A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Cyclins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo isolate and characterize the side population cells (SP cells) in the lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549.

METHODSThe protein expression of ABCG2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was detected by immunohistochemistry. SP and NSP cells in the cell line A549 were isolated by FACS, and their differentiation was analysed. ABCG2 expression in the two cell subsets was detected by RT-PCR. The cell growth curves, cell division indexes, cell cycles, plate clone formation tests, migration and invasion assays, chemotherapeutic susceptibility tests, tests of the intracellular drug levels, and the tumor cell implantation experiments on nude mice were applied to study the biological properties of the two cell subsets. The expression of ABCG2 in the transplanted tumor in nude mice was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe positive rate of ABCG2 expression in the A549 cells by immunohistochemistry was 2.13%. SP and NSP cells were isolated by FACS. The SP cells could produce both SP and NSP cells, while NSP cells only produced NSP cells. SP cells expressed ABCG2, but NSP cells did not. The proliferation and migration abilities of the two cell subsets were similar, but the invasion and tumorigenic ability of SP cells was significantly higher than that of NSP cells. The susceptibilities to DDP and its intracellular levels of the two cell subsets were similar, but the susceptibilities to 5-FU, VP16, NVB and GEM and their intracellular levels of NSP cells were significantly higher than those of the SP cells.

CONCLUSIONSSP cells in the human lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549 is enriched with tumor stem cells. An effective way to get lung adenocarcinomas stem cells is to isolate SP cells by FACS.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; Fluorouracil ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Side-Population Cells

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of comprehensive control and prevention for chronic diseases in demonstration plot of Chongqing.

METHODSResidents were enrolled through multi-stage stratified random sampling method from 17 districts or counties which had successfully established demonstration plots and 21 districts or counties which had not established demonstration plots (non-demonstration plot for short) yet on May, 2012. Questionnaire was designed to survey awareness of health knowledge, health behaviors and utilization of health supportive tools. The results were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software.

RESULTSWe investigated 15 108 residents, 6156 of which were in demonstration plot and others (8951) were not. The findings revealed the percentage of the people who were aware the national action of health lifestyle in demonstration plot and in non-demonstration plot were 44.4% (2734/6157) and 40.2% (3598/8951), respectively, and the awareness of the hypertension risk of too much sodium were 72.4% (4458/6156) and 67.5% (6042/8951), respectively, and the awareness of the cardinal vascular disease (CVD) risk of obesity and overweight were 77.2% (4753/6157) and 69.6% (6230/8951), respectively. About the residents' health behaviors in demonstration plot and in non-demonstration plot, the utilization rates of salt restriction scoop or pot were 23.5% (1447/6157) and 17.9% (1602/8951), and the utilization rates of oil restriction pot were 16.7% (1028/6157) and 11.8% (1064/8951), respectively. Totally, 33 of the 37 indexes were shown higher in demonstration plot than that in non-demonstration plot (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe chronic diseases comprehensive control and prevention in demonstration plot was more effective, and the remarkable improvement of health knowledge and behaviors level had been achieved in demonstration plot.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universal Precautions ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of falls in the rural community elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing City, and to provide references for developing preventive measures. Methods The multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select several rural communities in Chongqing City from September to December, 2019, and then the elderly aged 65 years and above who lived in the communities for one year were chosen to serve as the surveyed subjects. A self designed questionnaire (sociodemographic factors, exercise status, illness and medication status and fall to related information) was used to collect the data regarding falls occurring in the last year. The chi-square test and multi factor multi-variant logistic regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data, the used software was SPSS 25.0. Results A total of 801 rural community elderly people in Chongqing City were surveyed．The average age was (71.64±5.85) years old. 7.12% of elderly need cane or walker. 6.87% of them self-reported their health was poor. 42.57% of elderly seldom have the habit of exercise. The prevalence of heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, cataract, deafness self-reported was 8.99%、8.11%、17.48%、25.97%、13.73% and 6.24% respectively. Totally 104 elderly people experienced 128 falls in the past 12 months, and the incidence rates of falls and falling times were 12.84% and 15.98% respectively．The multi-variant logistic regression analysis showed that poor heath status self-reported（OR=4.04，95% , CI：1.71-9.52）, diabetes （OR=2.68，95% CI： 1.41-5.12）, osteoporosis （OR=1.91 , 95% CI：1.16-3.15）, arthritis （OR=2.60 , 95% CI：1.65-4.11） and non self-care（OR=2.44，95% CI：1.16-5.16） were the risk factors for falls in the rural community elderly. Conclusions The incidence rate of falls in the rural community elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing City was low．It is necessary to formulate comprehensive intervention measures for the risk factors of fall so as to reduce the incidence rate of falls in the elderly.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between histopathological subtype and the probability of inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The clinical records of 198 consecutive patients with PSCC were analyzed retrospectively. Primary lesions were reevaluated according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) histopathological classification. We retrieved the clinicopathological factors from the medical records including age, clinical lymph node stage, pathological tumor stage, lymphatic invasion, and nerve invasion. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors of ILNM. Multivariate analyses identified clinical lymph node stage (P = 0.000), pathological tumor stage (P = 0.016), histologic grade (P = 0.000), and risk group of histological subtypes (P = 0.029) as independent predictors for ILNM. Compared with the low-risk group of PSCC subtypes, the intermediate- (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.30-10.37, P = 0.021) and high-risk groups (HR: 28.74, 95% CI: 2.37-348.54, P = 0.008) were significantly associated with ILNM. In conclusion, the histopathological subtype of the primary lesion is a significant predictor for ILNM in patients with PSCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary* ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Penile Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult