Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Chinese herbal compound (CHC) on the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 in rat model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL).

METHODSThe AFL rats models were established by administering the drinking water with 40%(v/v) ethanol, and the changes of pathology in liver and hepatocyte P450IIE1 expression, as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (VitE) in liver were detected and compared with those in the control group.

RESULTSFatty degeneration in liver recovered normally in the CHC-treated group. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization examination showed that CHC could inhibit the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly, and restore the contents of MDA, SOD, GSH, VitE to nearly normal range.

CONCLUSIONCHC can prevent AFL through inhibiting the hepatocyte cytochrome P450IIE1 expression markedly

Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance

The complex field cure instrument is a new medical instrument with which an experiment was carried out. Rats were continuously irradiated by the complex field for 90 days, with a day's total dose of 285.9 M.T.G. while other rats weren't irradiated for control group. The animals were respectively killed at 7d, 14d, 30d, 60d and 90d, and their blood samples were taken for cell and humoral immune analysis. The results show that values of lymphocyte transform rate, soluble receptor (SIL-2R), total hemolytic complement levels (CH50) and immunoglobulin (A.G.) after irradiation are more than those of the control group having proved that the instrument may improve immune function of rats.
Animals ; Female ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; instrumentation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Time Factors

Behavior Therapy ; Diet, Reducing ; Exercise ; Fatty Liver ; diet therapy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of millimeter wave (MW) at low power density on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs).

METHODSFluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique was employed to determine effect of 30.16 GHz MW exposure at 1.0 and 3.5 mW/cm(2) on GJIC with laser confocal scanning microscope.

RESULTSFRAP analysis revealed that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at a dose of 5 microg/L could inhibit GJIC in HaCaTs. Fluorescence recovery rate fell from (55 +/- 17)% in the controls to (34 +/- 13)% after photobleaching, with a very significant difference (P < 0.001). Exposure to MW alone for one hour at either 1.0 mW/cm(2) or 3.5 mW/cm(2) did not affect GJIC, with fluorescence recovery rates of (52 +/- 16)% and (50 +/- 17)%, respectively. GJIC suppression induced by TPA was weakened by MW combined with 5 microg/L TPA treatment for one hour, which could be partially recovered by exposure to 1.0 mW/cm(2) MW with fluorescence recovery rate of (47 +/- 16)%, P < 0.01, and fully recovered by exposure to 3.5 mW/cm(2) MW with fluorescence recovery rate of (50 +/- 16)%, P < 0.001, with a very significant difference.

CONCLUSIONSGJIC suppression induced by TPA could be eliminated or diminished by exposure to millimeter wave in HaCaTs.

Cell Communication ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cell Line ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; methods ; Gap Junctions ; drug effects ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology

Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; etiology

Biomarkers ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; diagnosis

Biomarkers ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; methods

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies