AIM:To compare the refractive errors measured by the VISX WaveScan, OPD - Scan Ⅲ and the subjective refraction.
METHODS: Seventy - six patients ( 152 eyes ) were recruited from January 2013 to December 2013. All patients were measured with subjective refraction by the phoropter (NIDEK, RT-5100), objective refraction by the WaveScan ( AMO Company, USA) , OPD-ScanⅢ ( Nidek Technologies, Japan). The sphere, cylinder, axis of the three methods were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: The sphere measured by WaveScan was lower than that by subjective refraction, the difference was 0. 13±0. 30D (t=3. 753, P<0. 001). For cylinder, the difference was 0. 13±0. 43D (t=3. 664, P<0. 001). There was no significance for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent between OPD - Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction (P>0. 05). The value of the difference between WaveScan and subjective refraction was 5. 87o±6. 19o for the axis and the difference between OPD-Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction was 3. 82o±3. 95o. There was statistic significance (t=2. 817, P=0. 006).
CONCLUSION: For sphere and cylinder, WaveScan generated some deviation relative to subjective refraction. The Nidek OPD-ScanⅢ gives more accurate measures of objective refraction when compared with subjective refraction.

Myopia is one of the most popular eye diseases all over the world. The development of the current understanding of its mechanism is still limited. Many studies indicated that the growth factors closely related to eye development and myopia. Some growth factors with biological activity, such as transforming growth factor ( TGF ), fibroblast growth factor ( FGF ) and epidermal growth factor ( EGF ), have an impact on scleral thickness variation, the regulation of the development of myopia and so on, which plays a non-negligible role in the pathogenesis of myopia. In this paper, the function of various growth factors in myopia will be reviewed.

Objective To study the sources and the relationship between the management and the outcome of hemorrhage after cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 370 patients who underwent pancreatic resection at the Lihuili Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed.Results Postoperative bleeding occurred in 35 patients with 11 deaths.Among those intraabominal bleeding occurred in 14 cases and gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 22,with one case suffering from both.Bleediug developing within 72 hours after operation in 12 cases (early-stage group),which was caused by improper intraoperative homeostasis.In other 23 cases,bleeding 72 hours after operation(later stage group)was caused by the erosion following pancreatic and/or bile leakage.Relaparotomy was performed in 13 cases and endoscopic homeostasis was performed in 3. Relaparotomy or endoscopic homeostasis was superior to that of conservative therapy in the early-stage group (P0.05).Pancreatic or bile leakage was identified as the significant risk factors for the postoperative bleeding.Conclusions In order to prevent the postoperative hemorrhage and to reduce the mortality of pancreatic resection,skillful techniques,expeditious homeostasis,proper management of stump pancreas and the prevention of pancreatic and bile leakage are essential.

Background The diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is mainly dependent onfluorescine fundus angiography (FFA). However, the combination of optical coherence topography (OCT) with FFA offers a new approach to the research of the pathogenesis of CSC. Objective This clinical study was designed to study the combined application of the FFA and OCT for the research of the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with CSC were included in this study with 36 cases of males and 8 cases of female. The patients were aged 39.3 ± 5.3 years and the visual acuity was 0. 64 ±0. 27. FFA and OCT examinations were performed in all patients and the FFA images were imported into the Topcon 3D OCT 1000 device to locate the conformity of OCT lesions with the leakages of FFA. The neuroepithelial layer thickness at the fovea and the height of the neuroepithelial layer detachment were measured using 3-D OCT. Results OCT showed serous REP detachment in 34 eyes (77.3%) and rough surfaces of RPE in 10 eyes (22. 7% ). In thirtyfour eyes with RPE detachment, the OCT lesions and FFA leakage spots conformed to the same locations in 31 eyes, but the other three eyes did not. The mean foveal neuroepithelial thickness was (138.5±19.4) μm in CSC eyes and that of normal eyes was ( 131.35±5. 01 ) μm ,showing a significant difference between them( t=0. 39 ,P＞0. 05 ). The mean height of neuroepithelial detachment was (263.3 ± 126.7 ) μm in CSC eyes. Conclusion RPE detachment occurs in CSC eyes and further induces macular neuroepithelial detachment. Leakage lesion of fluorescine corresponds to RPE detachment. CSC without RPE detachment may be related to the increase in RPE permeability. OCT can accurately measure the thickness of the macular neuroepithelial layer and the height of the neuroepithelial detachment.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of endotoxin on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats.

METHODSA model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was developed with Wistar rats fed a chow containing 20% maize oil for 14 weeks. The endotoxin group rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 g/L, 3.0 ml/kg) once 4 hours before the end of the experiment. The concentrations of lipids, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-a, malondialdehyde, free fatty acid in plasma and hepatic tissues were determined and the degree of hepatocytic steatosis was studied. The expression of PPARa mRNA in hepatic tissues was measured using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expression of PPARa mRNA in the hepatic tissue of the LPS group was downregulated markedly in comparison to that of the control group. The level of free fatty acid and endotoxin by secreting tumor necrosis factor-a increased and triglyceride accumulated in the liver caused malondialdehyde content to increase, then lipid peroxidation process enhanced and ALT activity increased. Thus, hepatic injury and inflammatory reaction could be accelerated.

CONCLUSIONEndotoxemia can enhance hepatocellular steatosis and lead to NASH due to its downregulating the expression of PPARa mRNA.

Animals ; Down-Regulation ; Endotoxins ; pharmacology ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; PPAR alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on radiation induced-cell cycle redistribution and radiosensitivity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3b.

METHODSMTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PTX on p53-defective human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3b and clonogenic assay employed to observe its effects on the radiosensitivity of the cells quantified by calculating the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER). Flow cytometry was performed to observe the cell cycle changes of Hep3b cells in response to X-ray irradiation and the interventional effect of PTX.

RESULTSThe cytotoxicity of PTX on the cells increased in a dose-dependent manner following a 48-hour treatment, with the optimal dose range of 1-5 mmol/L. A sub-toxic dose of PTX at 2 mmol/L was then used in subsequent experiments. Clonogenic survival assays up to 12 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective Hep3b cells (SER of 2.68+/-0.24) were sensitized by PTX (2 mmol/L). PTX (2 mmol/L) treatment following exposure to irradiation (6 Gy) resulted in abrogation of radiation-induced G(2)/M arrest of Hep3b cells, and the proportions of Hep3b cells in G(2)/M phase were 86.8% and 14.8% after exposure to 6 Gy alone and 6 Gy plus 2 mmol/L PTX, respectively.

CONCLUSIONRadiosensitization by PTX is possibly associated with the abrogation of G(2)/M arrest in Hep3b cells following radiation exposure, suggesting that potential clinical application of PTX may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Pentoxifylline ; pharmacology ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; X-Rays

Animals ; Endotoxemia ; complications ; Fatty Liver ; etiology ; Hepatitis ; etiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytokines ; blood ; Endotoxemia ; complications ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy for rectal cancer of postoperative local recurrence.

METHODSFifty-six rectal cancer patients of postoperative local recurrence were treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (66 approximately 68 Gy in 2 Gy daily fraction) combined with chemotherapy (5-Fu 0.75, Days 1 - 5 and Days 29 - 33; Cisplatin 40 mg, Days 1 - 3 and Days 29 - 31). Acute and late radioreactions and survival rates were observed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.

RESULTSThe 1, 2, 3 years local control rate was 87.5%, 66.1%, 38.2%, respectively. The 1, 2, 3 years disease-free survival and overall were 82.7%, 56.6%, 30.1% and 88.3%, 66.8%, 44.2%, respectively. The median survival was 25.3 months. Acute small enteritis were the most common but acceptable radioreactions Grade 1 approximately 2. No late radioreactions occurred.

CONCLUSIONS3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can be considered as an effective and feasible approach to cancer patients of postoperative local recurrence.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; drug therapy ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Child ; Growth Plate ; blood supply ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Popliteal Artery ; pathology ; Salter-Harris Fractures ; Tibia ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed