Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the clinical teaching situation by using developmental inspection of School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU-SM),and to put forward some suggestions. Methods By checking questionnaires and informal discussions,the relevant information was collected and analyzed by using SPSS statistics sofware. Results The clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM was basically satisfied.The satisfaction from internship of grade 2004 was better than that of grade 2003.However,some problems in clinical teaching must be improved.Conclusion The investigation showed that the clinical teaching quality of SJTU-SM is being improving.However,in order to achieve the international accreditation standards,the quality guarantee system of clinical teaching need to be further perfected.

AIM:To compare the refractive errors measured by the VISX WaveScan, OPD - Scan Ⅲ and the subjective refraction.
METHODS: Seventy - six patients ( 152 eyes ) were recruited from January 2013 to December 2013. All patients were measured with subjective refraction by the phoropter (NIDEK, RT-5100), objective refraction by the WaveScan ( AMO Company, USA) , OPD-ScanⅢ ( Nidek Technologies, Japan). The sphere, cylinder, axis of the three methods were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: The sphere measured by WaveScan was lower than that by subjective refraction, the difference was 0. 13±0. 30D (t=3. 753, P<0. 001). For cylinder, the difference was 0. 13±0. 43D (t=3. 664, P<0. 001). There was no significance for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent between OPD - Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction (P>0. 05). The value of the difference between WaveScan and subjective refraction was 5. 87o±6. 19o for the axis and the difference between OPD-Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction was 3. 82o±3. 95o. There was statistic significance (t=2. 817, P=0. 006).
CONCLUSION: For sphere and cylinder, WaveScan generated some deviation relative to subjective refraction. The Nidek OPD-ScanⅢ gives more accurate measures of objective refraction when compared with subjective refraction.

Objective To explore the changes of gastrin(GAS),motilin(MTL) and somatostation(SS) excretion in children with helicobacter pylori(Hp) related chronic gastritis.Methods The levels of GAS,MTL and SS were measured by radioimmunoassay on 50 patients in study group and 30 children in control group.The biopsy of mucosa speciments of antrum of stomach and duodenal ampulla on patients were made by fibrogastrocopy and the speciments were stained by Giemsa for histopathologic examination.Results 1.The level of serum GAS on patients with Hp-positive and Hp-negastive were(173?36) ng/L and(110?20) ng/L,respectively,t=3.274(P0.05.3.The level of serum SS on patients with Hp-positive and Hp-negastive were(144.5?11.0) ng/L and(187.4?26.0) ng/L,t=3.897 P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible differences in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples in children.

METHODSSix hundred and twenty-nine samples from urine, sputum, blood and secretion were collected from June 2004 to May 2009 for bacterial identification by VITEK-32 automatic system and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by Kirby-Bauer method. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples was compared.

RESULTSTwo hundred and sixty strains of Escherichia coli were isolated , and 108 of which were from urine , 64 from sputum, 54 from secretion and 23 from blood. ESBLs were detected in 96 (36.9%) of the 260 isolates, AmpC enzymes in 32 (12.3%), and ESBLs+AmpC in 8 (3.1%). The ESBLs positive rate of Escherichia coli isolates from sputum was significantly higher than that from other samples (P<0.05). The antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains from different samples to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefepime, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and nitrofurantoin was different. The resistance rate of the strains from sputum samples was higher than that from the other samples (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEscherichia coli isolated from different samples have different antimicrobial resistance rates in children, so the selection of antibiotics for infections confirmed by bacterial cultures from different samples should based on drug sensitivity results.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; beta-Lactamases ; analysis

Objective The construction of suicide plasmid vector could be used to make mutation of pgm gene which attenuates the virulent of Brucella melitensis strain 16, the research may lay a foundation for the development of novel live attenuated vaccines. Methods Sucrose sensitive gene as forward screening sign and fusion sequences of kanamycin resistance gene were constructed based on plasmid pucl9; pucS1.6K suicide plasmid vector was established by modifying pgm gene with fusion sequences of kanamycin resistance gene (insertion mutation); pgm gene mutation of Brucella melitensis strain 16 was obtained by electro transformation and mutation was confirmed by PCR amplification. Results The results showed that the identified Brucella melitensis strain 16 pgm gene was inactivated after insertion of kanamycin resistance gene, and the mutant pgm gene DNA fragment length was approximately 3525 bp, in line with expectations, Brucella pgm gene mutant melitensis strain 16 was successfully constructed. Conclusions The construction of suicide plasmid vector and precise mutation of Brucella melitensis strain 16 is successful, the study is not only provided an effective technology platform for constructing mutants of Brucella but also lays a foundation for the development of novel live attenuated vaccines.

Objective To observe the expression of synaptotagmin I(syt I)protein in the prefrontal cortex of adult-onset hypothyroidism rats and the effects of replicated therapy in different doses of thyroid hormone on the syt I protein.Methods All 44 aduh male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly according to their body mass:hypothyroidism group,routine dosage thyroxine treatment group,high dosage thyroxine treatment group and control group.The adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were replicated to the adult-onset hypothyroidism and treatment models with propyhhiouracil(PTU).The levels of serum T3,T4 were assayed by the radioimmunoassay method and the level of the syt I protein in the molecular layer,external granular layer,external pyramidal layer,internal granular layer and internal pyramidal layer in prefrontal cortex was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results In the hypothyroidism group,the levels of serum T3 and T4[(0.34±0.04),(43.01±2.95)nmol/L]were significantly lower than those in the control group[(0.65±0.15), (55.20±3.56)nmol/L, F value: 6.026,5.940,4.503,P<0.05 or <0.01 ], the levels of the syt I protein in the molecular layer(0.018±0.010), external granular layer (0.020±0.007), external pyramidal layer(0.013±0.008), internal granular layer(0.011±0.005), internal pyramidal layer(0.024±0.013) of prefrontal lobe were significantly lower compared to the control group[(0.028±0.010,0.031 ± 0.010,0.028 ± 0.010,0.022 ± 0.008,0.038 ± 0.013), F value: 5.697,8.965,14.668,13.597,6.807,P<0.05 or <0.01 ]. In the routine dosage of the thyroxine treatment group, the levels of serum T3,T4 [(0.63 ±0.05), (55.04 ± 3.77)nmol/L] were not significantly different compared to the control group(F value: 3.162,0.367,all P>0.05), and the level of the syt I protein in the molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer and internal pyramidal layer in prefrontal cortex showed a significant improvement of the syt I protein(0.027 ± 0.013,0.025 ± 0.009,0.022 ± 0.008,0.020 ± 0.010,0.033 ± 0.010), which were similar to that of the control group(F value: 0.094,2.208,2.467,0.350,0.693, all P>0.05). In the high dosage thyroxine thyroid hormone treatment group, the levels of serum T3 and T4[ (1.11 ± 0.10), (96.68 ± 6.42)nmoL/L] were higher than the control group(F value: 6.291,12.031, all P<0.01), the expression of the syt I protein(0.028 ± 0.008,0.031 ±0.011,0.026 ± 0.012,0.023 ± 0.011,0.038 ± 0.010) were not significantly different compare to the control group (F value: 0.001,0.019,0.111,0.061,0.001, all P>0.05). Conclusions The expression of the syt I protein in the prefrontal cortex of adult-onset hypothyroidism can be decreased, which can be reversed by routine dosage of thyroxine treatment.

Objective To explore the changes and the tendency of breast cancer radiotherapy in China within the past decade.Methods A survey on breast cancer radiotherapy in 1 999 and 2006 was conducted in 4 hospitals located within the southeast coastal region of China,including patients'clinical characteristics,the purpose of radiotherapy and its techniques.Results The percentage of breast conservative treatment(BCT)increased from 3%in 1999 to 13%in 2006.For radiotherapy techniques in 2006 compared with 1999,the growth trend was found in use of breast immobilization devices(80% vs.46%),treatment planning system(70% vs.23%),and CT simulation(14%vs.0).The frequency was increased in the chest wall irradiation after masteetomy(90%vs.67%),but decreased in internal mammary region(30%vs.76%)and axilla(37%vs.69%)treatment.There were no differences in total dose and fractionation prescription.Conclusions BCT was performed more frequently,but postmastectomy radiotherapy was still essential option in China at present.Although some advanced techniques were applied frequently in clinical practice.Simulation,treatment planning,and irradiation target design were urgent for improvement and standardization.

The ginsenoside-Ro is sensitive to be hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium. This paper investigated the hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro under different pH and temperature values. The results showed ginsenoside-Ro in alkaline solution followed pseudo-first-order reaction. Hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro has not been reported previously. The hydrolysis rate was independent of initial concentration. On the basis of UFLC-MS/MS, NMR, as well as chemical evidence,the structure of hydrolyzate was assigned as 3-O- [beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl- (1 --> 2) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl] -oleanolic acid.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To investigate the features and significance of pathologic changes in apoptosis of small bowel allograft during acute rejection in rats. Methods All 24 recipients were equally divided into four groups ; group A: nonoperative control; group B: allograft ; group C: isograft, group D: treatment control. The graft samples were harvested on day 3, 5, 7, 10 after transplantation, and subjected to histologic examination . Mucosal thickness, villous height and crypt depth were measured, and apoptotic cells of intestinal mucosa of grafts on day 3,5 and 7 after transplantation were examined. Results The mucosal structure was normal in group A; The degree of the inflammatory infiltrated cells ,intestinal mucosa cell apoptosis and structural injury of mucosa in group B were significantly severe compared with groups C and D. As the post-transplanted time increased, the number of musocal apoptotic cells and the degree of mucosal structural injury were significantly increased. The degree of mucosal structural injury in group C was milder than in group B. A few infiltrated cells and mild edema of mucosa occurred in group D , but no mucosal structural injury was found. Conclusions Inflammatory cell infiltration, mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis and mucosal structural damage are the main pathologic features of small bowel allograft during acute rejection. Dynamic observation of the pathologic changes and cell apoptosis of small bowel graft is of certain value in the diagnosis of acute rejection of small bowel graft and in assessment of the degree of small bowel injury.