Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; methods ; trends

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of Euonymus alatus on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice and its mechanism. Methods Eighty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into eight groups: normal group, CCl4model group, Euonymus alatus(EA) ethanol extracts groups in early stage(EAE), EA ethanol extracts groups in later stage(EAL),two drug groups with low/medium/high dose(EAE-L/M/H, EAL-L/M/H), with 10 mice in each group. Fibrosis model was established by injecting CCl4in peritoneal cavity,and the study lasted for 30 days. Different doses of drugs were given from 1 st day to 15 th day in EAE while from 16 th day to 30 th day in EAL,then all mice were sacrificed to for the observation of the morphological changes and collage-nous fiber by HE and Masson staining. Liver index, ALT,AST and TNF-α were tested by ELISA. The ex-pressions of α-SMA and CollagenⅠwere measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Compared to normal group, liver index, ALT, AST, TNF-α, α-SMA and CollagenⅠ in EA groups were lower than those in model group in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Liver morphology and collagenous fiber in EAE and EAL were better than those in model group in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of EAE were superior to that of the EAL in HE, Masson, α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ indexes(P <0.05). Conclusions Euonymus alatus may inhibit the process of hepatic fibrosis in mice with dose-effect de-pendence, and drug treatment in early stage performs better,which may be related to the decrease of TNF-α that affects the expression of α-SMA and Collagen Ⅰ.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expressions of Wnt/beta-catenin and the effects of tanshinone IIA (TII A) on Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation.

METHODSHuman kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were divided into three groups, i. e., the normal glucose group, the high glucose group, and the high glucose plus tanshinone IIA group. The expression of beta-catenin was observed using immunocytochemical staining. The protein expression of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of beta-catenin and E-cadherin were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal glucose group, both the protein and the mRNA expressions of beta-catenin were significantly enhanced (P < 0.01), the expression of E-cadherin significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the expression of beta-catenin increased in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the high glucose group. TIIA at the final concentration of 100 micromol/L significantly reduced the ectopic expression of beta-catenin. At that concentration, the protein and mRNA expressions of beta-catenin in the nucleus significantly decreased, while the protein and mRNA expressions of E-cadherin were up-regulated. Meanwhile, the expression of alpha-SMA obviously decreased.

CONCLUSIONSWnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway participated in the high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation. TIIA inhibited the transdifferentiation process possibly through down-regulating the activities of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, thus further playing a role in renal protection.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glucose ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy by Qingying Huoxue Decoction (QHD) combined ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in treating patients with early and mid-term primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS Totally 78 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 39 in each group. All patients received basic treatment and took UDCA (at the daily dose of 13-15 mg/kg). Patients in the treatment group took QHD, one dose per day. The treatment course for all was 6 weeks. Clinical efficacy, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT), alkaline phospatase (ALP), TBIL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS Totally 21 (53. 8%) patients obtained complete response in the treatment group, with statistical difference when compared with that of the control group (11 cases, 30. 8%). Levels of GGT, ALP, ALT, AST, and TBIL decreased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.01). Levels of ALP, GGT, and TBIL were obviously lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQHD combined UDCA in treating early and mid-term PBC patients was superior to the effect of using UDCA alone. It also could improve patients' liver function.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; drug therapy ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanism of wenban humai granule (WHG) in stabilizing atheromatous plaque, by observing its effect on the collagen degradation and synthesis imbalance manner in the fibrous cap of the plaque.

METHODSAtherosclerosis (AS) rabbit model established by feeding high fat diet. The changes of protein and mRNA expression of macrophage CD68, metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen I (C-I) in model rabbits' neo-genesic intima were determined by immunohistochemical stain and in situ hybridization methods before and after treatment as well as before and after modeling.

RESULTSAfter being fed with high fat diet for 7 weeks, the protein and mRNA expression of macrophage CD68, MMP-1 in neo-genesic intima of aorta in the model rabbits significantly increased, these changes could be significantly restored after 8 weeks treatment with WHG or simvastatin. At the same time, the expressions of alpha-SMA protein and C-I protein and mRNA slightly increased due to the immigration of SMC in aortic media to neo-genesic intima, these expressions could be further increased after WHG treatment but showed a reducing trend after simvastatin treatment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In the whole course, positive correlation was shown between protein expressions of CD68 and MMP-1 (r = 0.952, P < 0.01) and also between these of alpha-SMA and C-I (r = 0.793, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONWHG affects the collagen degradation and synthesis imbalance in the fibrous cap of the plaque to stabilize plaque through bi-directional regulation, up-regulating synthesis thesis factors and down-regulating degradation factors, while simvastatin perform its action on plaque stability by down-regulating degradation factors alone.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Aorta ; pathology ; Arteriosclerosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the surgical therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with (N2) mediastinal lymph node metastasis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 325 patients with N2 NSCLC treated surgically between 1961 and 1995 were analysed.

RESULTSThe over-all 5-year survival rate was 19.6%. Survival was higher in patients with radical resection than with palliative resection, with squamous-cell carcinoma than with adenocarcinoma, with sleeve lobectomy and pneumonectomy than with regular lobectomy, with 1 to 3 mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes than those over 4, and with adjuvant therapy (chiefly postoperative radiotherapy) than without. All these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no 5-year survivor in patients with T3 or T4 tumor, nor in those with distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that surgery is the best choice for N2 NSCLC patients with T1 or T2 tumor, with non-adenocarcinoma, and with metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes less than 4 in number. Surgery is probably not a good choice in those with T3 tumor varieties. At operation, radical resection of the tumor and systematic removal of all hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes are essential for disease staging and survival improvement. Adjuvant therapy may improve long-term survival and is especially indicated in patients with residual tumor and/or metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes over 3 in number.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of paired box gene 8 (Pax-8) silencing by RNA interference on mitochondrial function and cardiomyocytes apoptosis.

METHODSThe cultured H9C2 (2-1) myocytes were divided into 3 groups: short interference RNA targeting Pax-8 (Pax-8 siRNA) group, non-specific siRNA group as the negative control (NC siRNA), and blank control group (BC siRNA). Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to detect the activity of caspase-3. RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of Bcl2 and Bax. The protein expression of Bcl2, Bax and cytoplasm of Cytochrome was examined by Western blot. Changes of ΔΨm were detected by flow cytometry.ΔΨm with JC-1 monomer/polymer ratio was calculated for measuring mitochondrial depolarization proportion.

RESULTSCompared to NC siRNA and BC siRNA group (0.075 ± 0.021, 0.072 ± 0.019), the activity of caspase-3 in Pax-8 siRNA group (0.167 ± 0.012) was significantly increased (P < 0.05); Bcl2 mRNA and protein expression in Pax-8 siRNA group (0.61 ± 0.06, 0.94 ± 0.11) were significantly downregulated compared with NC siRNA group (0.90 ± 0.070, 1.39 ± 0.15) and BC siRNA group (0.94 ± 0.087, 1.49 ± 0.20) (P < 0.05); Bax mRNA and protein expression in Pax-8 siRNA group (1.05 ± 0.10, 1.25 ± 0.12) were markedly upregulated compared with NC siRNA group (0.72 ± 0.03, 0.99 ± 0.12) and BC siRNA group (0.64 ± 0.03, 0.92 ± 0.06), P < 0.05; cytosolic cytochrome expression in Pax-8 siRNA group (0.75 ± 0.14) was significantly upregulated compared with NC siRNA group (0.51 ± 0.06) and BC siRNA group (0.48 ± 0.07) (P < 0.05); JC-1 monomer/polymer ratio in Pax-8 siRNA group (0.163 ± 0.011) was significantly increased compared with NC siRNA group (0.092 ± 0.015) and BC siRNA group (0.072 ± 0.025) (P < 0.05) indicating mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced in Pax-8 siRNA group. Above parameters were similar between NC siRNA group and BC siRNA group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONInhibiting Pax-8 results in enhanced cardiomyocytes apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Mitochondria, Heart ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; PAX8 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo introduce the experience in the treatment of lower eyelid pouches orbital rim.

METHODSAn incision was made along the margin of lower eyelid and dissection was performed under the orbicularis muscle to expose the orbital septum and periosteum of lower orbital rim. The fat released from orbital septum was transposed just below the lower orbital rim and fixed on the periosteum. If lacrimal groove deformity was not corrected completely, the musculocutaneous flap, which may be excised beside the incision, was kept to correct the deformities further with only the muscle portion.

RESULTS72 cases with lower eyelid pouches complicated with lacrimal groove deformities were treated with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps. Satisfactory results were achieved in all the patients after a follow-up period of 3-6 months.

CONCLUSIONIt is an effective and feasible technique to correct lacrimal groove deformities with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Humans ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo review the quality of Epimedium extract in the market.

METHODThe contents of icariin, epimedin C, sagittatoside B and total flavonoids in Epimedium extracts sold in the market were assayed by the methods of HPLC and UV respectively. HPLC fingerprintings were obtained at the same time.

RESULTThe contents of icariin in most of the extracts are closely similar with the ones labeled by the companies. 3 type chromatograms were classified in all the HPLC fingerprintings, and were corresponded with their raw materials. The contents of epimedin C, sagittatoside B and total flavonoids were different in the samples with the same content of icariin.

CONCLUSIONWe can primarily confirm the origin of raw materials by comparing the HPLC fingerprinting of extracts with the ones of materials. The difference of extracts quality mainly comes from the difference of materials. So we suggest that Epimedium extract product should be labeled the origin of materials, and assayed with more compound contents, to ensure the quality stabilization.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ecosystem ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; standards ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Species Specificity

AIMTo assess the effect of gender on genetic polymorphism of cytochrome CYP2C19 in Chinese population.

METHODSThe genetic polymorphism of 140 healthy Chinese were analysed by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).

RESULTSOf 52 genotyped male subjects, 23 (44.23%) were homozygous for wildtype (wt/wt), 6 (11.54%) were homozygous for CYP2C19 m1 (m1/m1), and 23 (44.23%) were heterozygous for CYP2C19 m1 or CYP2C19 m2 (wt/m1 or wt/m2); and among the 88 genotyped female subjects, 31 (35.23%) were homozygous for wildtype (wt/wt), 13 (14.82%) were homozygous for CYP2C19 m1 (m1/m1), and 44 (50.0%) were heterozygous for CYP2C19 m1 or CYP2C19 m2 (wt/m1 or wt/m2); no homozygous genotype for CYP2C19 m2 (m2/m2) was found in the study.

CONCLUSIONThere is no statistical difference in ocurance of wt/wt and m1/m1 between in male and in female, so gender have no significant effect on genetic polymorphism of cytochrome CYP2C19.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Factors