OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders to support further investigation on such cases. METHODS: One hundred and five archives of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders from January 2010 to June 2014 in Harbor Public Security Subbureau, Shanghai Public Security Bureau were reviewed. The decedents' general information, autopsy findings, case investigation data and disease histories were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 105 cases, 104 were suicides. Most decedents were poorly educated. Most suicides occurred in warm climate, and the corpses were usually found within 2 days. Most decedents had no suicide history and notes, but had abnormal mental or behavior changes before suicide. Depression, depression status and schizophrenia were the main types of psychiatric disorders, and only 9 decedents had received regular therapies before their deaths. CONCLUSION Mental disorder is a high risk factor in the drowning victims. Guardians should be aware of psychotic abnormal behaviors, especially during warm climate seasons.
China/epidemiology* ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology* ; Drowning/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Seasons ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data*

To explore the expression potential of heterogeneous genes using the backbone of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Beaudette strain, the ectodomain region of the Spike gene (1,302 bp) of IBV H120 strain was amplified by RT-PCR and replaced into the corresponding location of the IBV Beaudette strain full-length cDNA. This recombinant was designated as BeauR-H120(S1). BeauR-H120(S1) was directly used as the DNA template for the transcription of viral genomic RNA in vitro. Then, the transcription product was transfected into Vero cells by electroporation. At 48 h post-transfection, the transfected Vero cells were harvested, and passaging continued. A syncytium was not observed until the recombinant virus had passed through four passages. The presence of rBeau-H120(S1) was verified by the detection of the replaced ectodomain region of the H120 Spike gene using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis of rBeau-H120 (S1)-infected Vero cell lysates demonstrated that the nucleocapsid (N) protein was expressed, which implied that rBeau-H120(S1) could propagate in Vero cells. The TCIDs0 and EIDs0 data demonstrated that the titer levels of rBeau-H120(S1) reached 10(590+/-0.22)TCID50/mL and 10(6.13+/-0.23)EID50/mL in Vero cells and 9-day-old SPF chicken embryos, respectively. Protection studies showed that the percentage of antibody-positive chickens, which were vaccinated with rBeau-H120(S1) at 7 days after hatching, rose to 90% at 21 days post-inoculation. Inoculation provided an 85% rate of immune protection against a challenge of the virulent IBV M41 strain (103EID50/chicken). This recombinant virus constructed using reverse genetic techniques could be further developed as a novel genetic engineering vaccine against infectious bronchitis.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of TSC1, TSC2, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1, p-p70S6K and p-S6 in refractory epilepsy associated malformation of cortical development (MCD) tissues.

METHODSA total of 43 cases of refractory epilepsy were involved in the study, and all the patients were treated in Xuanwu Hospital during 2005 - 2008, including focal cortical dysplasia type IIa (11 cases) and type IIb (11 cases), tuberous sclerosis complex (10 cases) and ganalioglioma (11 cases), and other 12 cases were used as control. These cases were divided into 7 study groups and immunohistochemical EnVision method was used. To detect the location and intensity of TSC1, TSC2, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1, p-p70S6K and p-S6 expression in every group. Then the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 image processing and analysis software were used to measure the number, area, integrating absorbance (IA) of positive cells in every samples. The statistical software SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSThe immunolocalization of TSC1 and TSC2 was similar. It could be observed the expression of various levels in the cytoplasm of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, giant cells, ganglioglioma cells and normal neurons. TSC1 staining in normal neurons was more notably than others but TSC2 staining in giant cells was weaker than other samples. p-mTOR mainly presented in giant cells, which could also be observed in astrocyte. P-4E-BP1 presented in the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane of balloon cells, giant cells and ganglioglioma cells, the staining of giant cells was stronger than balloon cells, but their staining were weaker than ganglioglioma cells. P-p70S6K mainly expressed in giant cells and less commonly presented in balloon cells. P-S6 typically presented in all abnormal glioneuronal cells and it nearly did not present in the normal neurons of N-CTX group.

CONCLUSIONSPI3K pathway, at least in part, involves in the occurrence of MCD, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Epilepsy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ; metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of arthroscopically assisted combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) reconstructions using Achilles tendon-bone allografts.

METHODSAssociated meniscus injuries were treated according to established methods prior to ligament reconstructions during arthroscopic surgery. Thirty Achilles tendon-bone allografts were used to reconstruct torn ACL and PCL in 15 knees. At postoperative follow-up, all knees were graded using the modified IKDC and the Lysholm scoring systems just as done preoperatively.

RESULTSwere analyzed compared with the contralateral healthy knees. Results: Eleven men and 4 women with a minimum of 3-year follow-up (mean 38 months) were included in the study. Preoperatively, the group ratings by the modified IKDC standards were all severely abnormal. Twelve bicruciate reconstructions were performed in subacute or chronic stage (larger than 3-8 weeks), 3 for acute ligamentous deficiencies (less than or equal to 3 weeks). The noticeable early complication was transitory local fever combined with joint effusion in one case. At postoperative follow-up, 9 knees were normal, 5 nearly normal and 1 abnormal. On Lysholm score the difference was statistically significant (t- test, P less than 0.001) before and after operation.

CONCLUSIONSAchilles tendon-bone allograft offers an alternative for simultaneous arthroscopic ACL/PCL reconstructions. However, further investigation is needed to eradicate its potential immunogenicity for better use.

Achilles Tendon ; transplantation ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Suanzao nacute hepatic failure in mice.

METHODAcute liver failure was induced in male Kunming strain mice by enterocoelia injecting the animals with D-Gal-N and LPS. The mice in treatment groups were given corresponding drug 2 h before administration of D-Ga1-N and LPS, and the mice in control group were given the same dose of distilled water. The 24 h survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were compared. Serum the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 and the levels of SOD, MDA, GR, GSH, NO and NOS in the liver were determined.

RESULTTreatment with suanzaoren decoction could increase the survival rate and improve the liver histological feather. Suanzaoren decoction inhibited the serum the levels of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-1, and reduced the levels of MDA, NO and NOS and increased the levels of GR and SOD in the liver.

CONCLUSIONTreatment with Suanzaoren decoction can suppress the D-Gal-N/LPS-induced acute hepatic failure. It may be the mechanism that Suanzaoren decocotion regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Galactosamine ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Failure, Acute ; blood ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect and safety of auxiliary treatment with Suanzaoren Decoction (SZRD) on patients with chronic severe hepatitis (CSH).

METHODSSixty patients, with the diagnosis in accordance with the diagnostic criterion of CSH, were assigned to the treated group and the control group, 30 in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with comprehensive therapy including symptomatic supportive treatment, anti-infective therapy and artificial liver plasmapheresis etc., while those in the treated group were orally taken SZRD additionally. Patients' condition of sleeping and changes of total bilirubin (TBIL), prothrombin activity (PTA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were observed before and after treatment, and the adverse reactions were observed as well.

RESULTSThe sleeping status were significantly improved in the treated group after treatment, and the serum levels of TBIL, TNF-alpha and IL-1 were significantly decreased. The improvement rate was 66.7% (20/30) and significantly higher than that (40.0%, 12/30) in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSZRD can significantly improve the sleeping status of CSH patients, alleviate the hepato-cellular injury by inflammatory cytokines and without obvious adverse reaction.

Adult ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of brain tumors occurring in patients with medically intractable epilepsy.

METHODSThe clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of brain tumors occurring in 35 patients with intractable epilepsy encountered during the period from January, 2005 to April, 2008 in Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe mean age of seizure onset and duration of disease were 14.3-year-old and 8.6 years, respectively. Abnormal signals were observed in 94.3% of cases (33/35) by magnetic resonance imaging. The histologic types of brain tumors included ganglioglioma (13/35, WHO grade I and 6/35, WHO grade II), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (3/35, WHO grade I), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (3/35, WHO grade II), diffuse astrocytoma (1/35, WHO grade II), oligoastrocytoma (1/35, WHO grade II), angiocentric glioma (1/35, WHO grade I) and meningioangiomatosis (1/35). The 6 remaining cases showed features seen in between glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial tumor. Most of these tumors were located in the temporal lobe (27/35) and associated with focal cortical dysplasia. Immunohistochemical study showed a remarkable expression of CD34 in gangliogliomas.

CONCLUSIONSBrain tumors in patients with medically intractable epilepsy are almost always benign and located in the temporal lobe. Most of them represent mixed neuronal-glial tumors and some show transitional features in-between glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm. The similar morphologic pattern and biological behavior of glioneuronal hamartoma and mixed neuronal-glial tumor may suggest a common pathogenetic mechanism.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Astrocytoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Diseases ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hamartoma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oligodendroglioma ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the outcome of surgical treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and the associated factors.

METHODSA total of 277 patients with GIST underwent primary surgical treatment from January 1990 to February 2010 at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed and the pathological examination was reviewed. Follow-up was performed.

RESULTSThere were 176 males and 101 females. The age ranged from 20 to 81 years old (median,57). Location of the tumor included colorectum (n=28),small bowel(n=76), stomach(n=173). All the patients had en bloc resection, including local excision in 98 patients, organ resection in 64, and extended resection in 115. The 5-year survival rates were 83.5%, 71.9%, and 61.9% in the three different procedures, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Cox model showed that the tumor size, recurrence and metastasis were independent risk factors associated with the prognosis in GIST patients(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSurgery remains the major approach for gastrointestinal GIST. Complete resection is the principal treatment. Extensive resection or extended lymph nodes dissection is not associated with improved survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDTo assess the safety and tolerance of adefovir dipivoxil tablet in Chinese healthy volunteers.

METHODSTotally 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study, 21 were female and 21 were male and their age ranged from 19 to 26 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg dose-groups (6-10 subjects in each group) based on sex and weight, beginning with the 5 mg dose-group. Clinical symptoms, vital signs, electrocardiogram, routine blood test, routine urine test, prothrombin time and blood biochemical tests were recorded and evaluated.

RESULTSNo significant changes were found in clinical symptoms, vital signs and laboratory tests after dosing, except slight elevations of alanine aminotransferase in 2 subjects and bilirubin in 6 subjects observed and some gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea found in 3 subjects, but the frequency and severity of all the adverse reactions were not found to be related to the dosages.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that single oral dose of adefovir dipivoxil 60 mg or less was safe and tolerable.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Tablets ; Young Adult

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of T-614 in treating rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Methods Two hundred and eighty patients with active RA were randomly allocated to 3 groups:T-614 50 mg each day,25 mg each day or placebo.Clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed at baseline,2,4,6,12, 18 and 24 weeks.Results The ACR response rate was significantly higher in the T-614 treatment group com- pared with the placebo group during the first 6 weeks.After 24 weeks,25 mg/d,50 mg/d dosage group and the placebo group showed 39.1%,61.3% and 24.2% in ACR20,23.9%,31.2% and 7.4% in ACR50 respectively.A time-response in ACR response after 24 weeks was observed,with clear superiority of the 25 mg/d and 50 mg/d dosage groups compared to the placebo,and 50 mg/d dosage group compared to 25 mg/d dosage group(P