Concealed penis is usually found in children, which affects the patients both physiologically and psychologically. Some of the patients are wrongly treated by circumcision, which may bring about serious consequences to the sexual life of the patients in their adulthood. In the recent years, this disease has been receiving more and more attention from both doctors and parents. However, controversies remain as to its classification, pathogenesis, pathology, and treatment. This paper focuses on the understanding and advances in the studies of concealed penis.
Child ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Sexual Behavior

Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhalation ; Male ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Poisoning ; diagnosis

Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Risk Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

Objective To investigate the expressions and significances of GATA-3 and Th2 cytokines in asthmatic mice.Methods Sixteen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group and asthmatic group.The pathological changes in trachial and pulmonary tissue were observed with HE staining method.The GATA-3 mRNA expression in pulmonary tissue was messured with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).And the IL-5,IL-13 proteins in pulmonary tissue were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results HE staining showed infiltration of a great deal of inflammatory cells around the bronchial wall in asthmatic group,while there was no obvious infiltration in control group;Compared with control group,the expressions of GATA-3 mRNA and IL-5,IL-13 protein in pulmonary tissue increased significantly(Pa

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible differences in antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples in children.

METHODSSix hundred and twenty-nine samples from urine, sputum, blood and secretion were collected from June 2004 to May 2009 for bacterial identification by VITEK-32 automatic system and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by Kirby-Bauer method. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from different samples was compared.

RESULTSTwo hundred and sixty strains of Escherichia coli were isolated , and 108 of which were from urine , 64 from sputum, 54 from secretion and 23 from blood. ESBLs were detected in 96 (36.9%) of the 260 isolates, AmpC enzymes in 32 (12.3%), and ESBLs+AmpC in 8 (3.1%). The ESBLs positive rate of Escherichia coli isolates from sputum was significantly higher than that from other samples (P<0.05). The antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains from different samples to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefepime, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and nitrofurantoin was different. The resistance rate of the strains from sputum samples was higher than that from the other samples (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEscherichia coli isolated from different samples have different antimicrobial resistance rates in children, so the selection of antibiotics for infections confirmed by bacterial cultures from different samples should based on drug sensitivity results.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; enzymology ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; beta-Lactamases ; analysis

Objective To study the effect of different concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] on cell proliferation,differentiation and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mouse MC3T3E1 osteoblast.Methods Osteoblast were cultured in medium with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3.Incubated for 48 h,cell proliferation of osteoblast were examined by MTT reduction assay (mono-nuclear cell direc cytotoxicity assay),the osteocalcin (OC) levels in cell medium were detected by ELISA,and the expression of VDR mRNA and protein were examined by using SYBR Green real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results 1.After incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 48 h,the number of MC3T3E1 osteoblast was significantly less than that in control group(P0.05).3.SYBR Green real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the expression of VDR mRNA as well as VDR protein of osteoblast in 10-8,10-9 mol/L experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control group (Pa0.05).Conclusions Cell proliferation of mouse osteoblast can be inhibited,while the cell differentiation was promoted by 1,25(OH)2D3.1,25(OH)2D3 up-regulated the expression of VDR in mouse osteoblast,which suggested that the VDR signal pathway may play some role in proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast.

Objective To investigate the distribution of high-arsenic drinking water in Honghu city of Hubei province in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease.Methods Investigations were made in 22 townships(towns,districts),68 natural villages of the drainage areas of the Dongjing River,the Neijing River and the Yangtse River in 2006 and 2007,with the townships(towns,districts)around Shahu town in Xiantao city as the focal point.1000 water samples were drawn each year,which was 10% of all the wells in every natural village.Using sampling investigation,water arsenic Was determined by half-quantitative fast reagent kit.All samples of water with arsenic exceeding the standard(≥0.03 mg/L)were re-determined according to state standard.Surveys on the disease was carried out in the villages(brigades)where arsenic exceeded the standard.Results A total of 2000 samples were surveyed from 68 natural villages,of which there were 401 samples from 48 villages exceeding the standard in a rate of 20.05%(401/2000).The highest arsenic content Was 0.71 mg/L.The high arsenic water sources were distributed mainy in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River,but no patients with endemic arsenic disease were found.Conclusions The high arsenic water sources are distributed mainly in the drainage areas of the Dongjing River and the Neijing River.It is suggested that the interrelated government departments should take precise measures to impmve the quality of drinking water and ensure safe water to the residents in high arsenic areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of telmisartan on the oxidative stress induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in vitro.Methods HUVEC were cocultured with telmisartan (1?10~(-6) mol/L) and various concentration of glucose(5,30 mmol/L) for 0,12,24,36,48 h respectively. The level of MDA in the supernatants of cultured endothelial cells was measured by thiobarbituric acid test,SOD was determined by xanthine oxidase test.The protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors ? (PPAR-?) in HUVEC 24 h was assessed by Western blot after treatments.Results High glucose significantly increase the levels of MDA (before:1.2?0.06 vs after:1.6?0.1 mmol/mL,P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effective approach for the treatment of detrusor underactivity. Methods98 patients with detrusor underactivity were randomly divided into electrotherapy group (electroacupuncture, interference current stimulation, n=32), medicine group (n=32) and electrotherapy-medicine group (n=34). The patients were assessed with examination of urodynamics and clinical parameters before and after treatment. ResultsThe detrusor strength were stronger after treatment in all the 3 groups (P<0.001), but electrotherapy-medicine group was more stronger than the other 2 groups (P<0.01). The cure rate in the 3 groups were 68.75%, 59.38% and 88.23% respectively, the patients in electrotherapy-medicine group gained significantly better results than the other 2 groups (x2=9.976, P<0.01). The difference of cure rate between the electrotherapy group and the medicine group was not significant (P>0.05). ConclusionElectric stimulation therapy combined with medicine is an effective intervention for treatment of detrusor underactivity and is better than electric stimulation therapy or drugs only.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders to support further investigation on such cases. METHODS: One hundred and five archives of drowning victims with psychiatric disorders from January 2010 to June 2014 in Harbor Public Security Subbureau, Shanghai Public Security Bureau were reviewed. The decedents' general information, autopsy findings, case investigation data and disease histories were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 105 cases, 104 were suicides. Most decedents were poorly educated. Most suicides occurred in warm climate, and the corpses were usually found within 2 days. Most decedents had no suicide history and notes, but had abnormal mental or behavior changes before suicide. Depression, depression status and schizophrenia were the main types of psychiatric disorders, and only 9 decedents had received regular therapies before their deaths. CONCLUSION Mental disorder is a high risk factor in the drowning victims. Guardians should be aware of psychotic abnormal behaviors, especially during warm climate seasons.
China/epidemiology* ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology* ; Drowning/psychology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Seasons ; Suicide/statistics & numerical data*