Objective To study the way of quick identification of haemophilus influenzae with reverse dot blot.Methods Oligonucleotide probe which is specially targeted to 16SrDNA of haemophilus influenzae was designed, then fixed the probe to nylon membranes, and hybridized with the production of gain with the universal primers.Results The universal primers could hybridize the target sequence from common pathogenic bacteria by PCR, and oligonucleotide probe could hybridize with haemophilus influenza specially and could not hybridize with other bacterias. It proved that the probe was of highly speciality.Conclusion Reverse dot blot is a good method of quickly identification of haemophilus influenzae.

To analyze the composition regularity of prescriptions containing Scutellaria baicalensis in Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China--Chinese Patent Medicines and Preparations on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS), in order to provide reference for new drug R&D. the platform's software V2.0 was applied to establish a database of prescriptions containing S. baicalensis. The software's statistical statement module, association rules and improved mutual information method and other data mining technologies were adopted to analyze commonly used drugs, combination rules and core combination of S. baicalensis prescriptions. Having analyzed 477 prescriptions containing S. baicalensis, the researchers summarized 45 most commonly used drug combinations, whose ingredients mostly had functions of heat-clearing and damp-drying, purging fire for removing toxin and hemostasis. Drugs adopted in core combinations were relatively concentrated and selected according to definite composition methods. There were 23 diseases that S. baicalensis were most frequently applied in the treatment. Having compared three highly frequent diseases--cold, cough and dizziness, the researchers concluded that S. baicalensis could show different therapeutic effects through different combination ratios. Therefore, TCMISS (V2.0) is an important tool in analyzing the composition regularity of traditional Chinese medicines. The longitudinal and parallel comparison method is an effective method for studying the clinical composition regularity of S. baicalensis, while providing reference for new drug R&D.
China ; Drug Compounding ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

Oral solid rapidly-disintegrating dosage form has aroused general concern increasingly because of its characteristics about convenient taking, rapid absorption, high bioavailability and not serious adverse drug reaction. This article introduced its mechanism, which was rapid disintegration, fast dissolution or the promoting dissolving action of supplementary material. This dosage form included dispersible tablets, fast dissolving tablets, fast releasing tablets, droppills, granules and tablets by solid dispersible technology, quick-liquefying chewable tablets and dry elixir. It will become a new way for promoting bioavailability in traditional Chinese medicine difficultly-dissolving composition, create up a new dosage form for treating emergency case by traditional Chinese medicine and give a new thinking for studying new supplementary materials. In brief, oral solid rapidly-disintegrating dosage form will have good prospect in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
Administration, Oral ; Capsules ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Porosity ; Povidone ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BJECTIVE:To apply the radial basis fuction neural network for the spectrophotometric analysis of three components combined preparation.METHODS:Aminopyrine and antipyrine in Antongding injection were determined by radial basis fuction neural network UV spectrophotometry,barbitial was determined with absorbance substraction technique.RESULTS:Compared with BP network,the radial basis network was better in robustness of netwrok,training time and the forcast accuracy.CONCLUSION:The three components of Antongding injection can be determined accuratly by the radial basis fuction network spectrophotometry.

120 strains of endophytic bacteria identified by ERIC-PCR were isolated from wild and cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis plants which collected from Erdos Innermongolia province.The identified results indicated that Glycyrrhiza uralensis plants has plenty of endophytic bacterium in density and population,and the density is higher in root and leave than in stem.Partial sequence analysis of 16S rDNA gene of 82 strains indicated that these strains were in a high similarity with 19 known genus which belong to?、?、 ?-Proteobacteria、Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.The dominant genus were Bacillus sp.,Pseudomonas sp., Pantoea sp.and Serratia sp..

OBJECTIVEThe rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. However conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. On the basis of special gene sequence, PCR provides simple and rapid way to identify bacteria. But it is difficult to identify all of bacteria species which are suspicious of pathogenic agents. Oligonucleotide arrays provide a powerful tool for parallel detection of target genes. The objective of this study was to test a reverse oligonucleotide assay, which hybridize with the PCR product of 16SrDNA using a pair of universal primers, to rapidly identify common infant pathogenic bacteria.

METHODSBy comparison and analysis of the 16SrDNA sequences of common pathogenic bacteria, a region, which has numerous sequence variations and flanked by highly conserved sequences, was found. A pair of universal primers was designed according to its flanking conservative sequence, and a set of probes specially targeting to eight species of infant pathogenic bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, Hemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii,according to the variable sequences. The probes were fixed on the nylon membrane with positive electricity, and hybridized them with the products of PCR using the universal primers.

RESULTSThe universal primers could amplify the target sequence from bacteria including the eight common infant pathogenic bacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae,beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Neisseria meningitides, Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella infantis,but could not amplify rotavirus and human DNA as control. The results showed that the oligonucleotide array could specially hybridize with the eight bacteria to be examined and could not hybridize with other bacteria. The lowest concentration of DNA (product of PCR) for oligonucleotide array was about 25 ng/ml. The results proved that the probes are highly selective and the oligonucleotide arrays could parallelly detect the eight common infant pathogenic bacteria. The results suggested that the oligonucleotide array system was able to identify the eight common infant pathogenic bacteria from clinical specimens and the results were the same as identified by automated bacterial detection machine. From the further experiments, the oligonucleotide array system could directly diagnose the common infant pathogenic bacteria from the broths of samples culture.

CONCLUSIONSDespite limited number of identifiable bacteria and lack of information on antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria, the reverse oligonucleotide assay system, which contains amplification of the segment of 16rDNA from samples using the universal primers and parallel detection of PCR products using specific probes, is an effective method to rapidly identify the eight common infant pathogenic bacteria.

Bacterial Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the best technique parameters on preparing ophiopogon japonicus saponin enteric microsphere by spray drying technique.

METHODThe best technique parameters were investigated by orthogonal experimental design and by the target, such as surface appearances, encapsulated efficiency, etc.

RESULTThe best technique parameters included the inlet temperature (90 degrees C ), the feeding speed (10 mL x min(- 1)), and the rotate speed of atomizer (50 r x min(-1)).

CONCLUSIONOphiopogon japonicus saponin enteric microsphere accorded with the expecting demand. The main influencing factor was inlet temperature . It is suitable to industrialize in preparing Traditional Chinese Medicine microsphere.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microspheres ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; chemistry ; Temperature

Thermosensitive gel with the property of LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) was studied as a hot spot these years for it can be used as one supportor of drug controlled release system which can release drug at right point, right time and right quantity. With further reseaches and applications of thermosensitive gel, the modes and mechanisms of it were discovered and poited out, drug release models were also established step by step. Resesrches on drug release mechanisms and modes of thermosensitive gel will make it applied better in fields of medicine and biology.
Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Gels ; Models, Theoretical ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo explore the metabolic transformation and the absorbed metabolites of ophiopognin saponin D' (OD') given orally in rats.

METHODThe contents of both original OD' and its metabolites were detected by means of HPLC-ELSD and the metabolites of OD' in blood and urine were measured by use of TLC and HPLC-MS in vivo.

RESULTOD' could be metabolized by intestinal bacteria in rats. The content of diosgenin, one of the metabolites, increased gradually as the time passed.

CONCLUSIONOD' can be metabolized in intestine of rat and its metabolite, diosgenin, was absorbed in blood of rat.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Diosgenin ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Male ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To observe the effect of T-2 toxin on growth and development of rat epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia in normal and low nutritional status, to find out possible pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease and provide experimental basis for early intervention. Methods Ninety 3-week-old Wistar rats, weighing 60 - 70 g, were randomly divided into three groups: control group(general feed), T-2 toxin + general feed group, T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, thirty rats in each group with equally sex ratio. T-2 toxin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered orally 5 times a week via a gavage needle for 4 weeks. The change of hair, activity and body weight was observed. After 1, 2, 4 weeks, the epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia (including distal femur and proximal tibia) were collected. Specimens were processed with HE and Masson staining. The morphology of chondrocytes and matrix collagen content in epiphyseal plate was observed. Trabecular bone volume fraction in tibial metaphyseal bone was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results In the control group, rats were in good movement and hair with light, but in T-2 toxin + general feed group and T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, rats were found with reduced activities and hair with dark color. Body weights(g) of the control group, the T-2 toxin + general feed group and the T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group were 81.0 ± 6.2, 79.0 ±5.1, 77.0 ± 7.5, respectively, by the end of first week; 101.8 ± 6.7, 97.0 ± 6.8, 93.0 ± 5.3, respectively, by the end of second week; 151.1 ± 15.7, 126.5 ± 11.9, 106.5 ± 11.5, respectively, by the end of fourth week. There was significant difference in groups by second week and the fourth week (F = 9.72, 41.65, all P ＜ 0.05 ). There was significant difference among multi-groups by the fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Under light microscope, at the second weeks, coagulative necrosis of chondrocytes was found in hypertrophic zone in the two groups with T-2 toxin; at the fourth weeks, cell necrosis increased. Masson staining showed collagen staining in the two groups with T-2 toxin significantly turned to clear pale coloration, indicating that the collagen matrix was significantly reduced. Image analysis showed there was significant difference in groups at the second and fourth week(F= 9.72, 41.65, all P＜ 0.05)in tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction. There was significant difference between T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group[(0.55 ± 0.12)％, (0.21 ± 0.0)％] and control group[(0.67 ± 0.09)％, (0.51 ± 0.14)％] by the second and fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Under normal nutritional status, T-2 toxin can induce hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage necrosis, collagen content decreased in epiphyseal plate, metaphyseal trabecular bone formation disorders; in the low nutritional status, T-2 toxin can lead to rat epiphyseal necrosis and significant metaphyseal bone disorder, but whether the performance is related to Kaschin-Beck disease needs to be studied further.