Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Furaldehyde ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate homemade and imported HbsAg ELISA kits on screening blood donors.

METHODSSamples for evaluation included 120 HbsAg serum plates for the golden criteria and 400 sets of serum from blood donors in Dongguan. The samples underwent blind screening with homemade and imported ELISA kits respectively.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of homemade (Xinchuang) and imported (Diasorin) HbsAg ELISA kit were 85.71% (72/84) and 100% (84/84), respectively. Their specificity was 100% (436/436) and 96.55% (421/436) respectively. The consistency of two ELISA kits was 100%.

CONCLUSIONThe imported ELISA kit had the highest sensitivity, but its specificity was not as good as that of homemade ELISA kit. The two kinds of ELISA kits had good repetition. The combination of the two reagents may ensure the safety of blood transfusion.

Blood Donors ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; standards ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To explore the characteristics viral pathogens in hospitalized children with lower respiratory infection,and to provide reference data for diagnosis and treatment.Methods Nasopharyngeal secretion(NPS) samples were collected from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection(LRI) from Dec.2005 to Apr.2006.The NPS samples were detected for 7 respiratory virus antigens including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),influenza virus A and B(IVA and IVB),parainfluenza virus 1,2,3(PIV 1,2,3) and adenovirus(ADV) by indirect immunofluorescent assay.Results Nine hundred and thirty-five NPS samples were collected from children(597 boys,338 girls) with LRI.The mean age was 7.5 months(range from 1 day to 6 years).Viral pathogens were identified in 516(55.2%) samples.The positive rate of RSV decreased with increasing of age,whereas the positive rate of IV and PIV increased.ADV was only detected in children less than 3 years of age,accounting for 0.6%-6.2%.Conclusions Viral pathogens are the main etiology of LRI in young children in Beijing area from Dec.2005 to Apr.2006.RSV is the most frequent viral pathogens,followed by IV and PIV.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of drug toothpaste containing 2% Zanthoxylum Nitidum extract in reducing accumulation of dental plaque and occurrence of gingivitis in adults.

METHODSAdopting double-blind, stratified and parallel design, the status of dental plaque and gingivitis in 200 healthy adults enrolled in the trial (100 in the treated group took the drug toothpaste to clean teeth, and 100 in the control group use common toothpaste instead) were assessed at before experiment, 3 months and 6 months after experiment.

RESULTSAt the end of the 3rd month and the 6th month, as compared with the control group, the L e-Silness Gingival Index (GI) in the treated group was decreased by 9.1% (P > 0.05) and 13.9 % (P< 0.5), in the same period, the Quigley-Hein(Turesky Modification) Plaque Index (PlI) decreased by 18.7% and 22.6% (P<0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONToothpaste containing Zanthoxylum Nitidum extract can obviously decrease the incidence of dental plaque and enhance gingival health.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dental Plaque ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gingivitis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Toothpastes ; chemistry ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

AIM: To systematic review the effectiveness of refractive multifocal intraocular lens ( MIOL ) ReZOOM vs diffractive MIOL ReSTOR in the treatment of cataract.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials comparing refractive MIOL ReZOOM with diffractive MIOL ReSTOR were identified by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMbase, WANFANG MED ONLINE, CMJD, SinoMed, and CNKI. Related journals also were hand-searched. Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ) was evaluated by simple evaluate method that recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Data extracted by two reviewers with designed extraction form. RevMan software ( release 5. 2 ) was used for data management and analysis.
RESULTS:A total of 7 trials (846 eyes) were included for systematic review. Subgroup analyses were used according to different model comparison of ReSTOR MIOL. The results showed a significant difference in the mean of the best distance corrected intermediate visual acuity ( BDCIVA) in the ReZOOM MIOL group with WMD=-0.11, 95% CI (-0.16, -0.06) (P<0.0001). It showed a significantly difference in the mean of the uncorrected near visual acuity ( UCNVA ) , complete spectacle independent rate, halo rate and glare rate in the ReSTOR MIOL group with WMD= 0. 09, 95% CI (0. 05, 0. 14) (P<0-00001), WMD= 2. 62, 95%CI (1. 76, 3. 91) (P<0. 00001), WMD=1. 35, 95% CI (1. 15, 1. 60) (P=0. 0004) and WMD=1-29, 95% CI (1. 09, 1. 53) (P= 0. 003). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean of the uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UCDVA ) , the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity ( UCIVA) , the best corrected distance visual acuity ( BCDVA ) and the best distance corrected near visual acuity ( BDCNVA ) with WMD-0.03, 95% CI (-0.06, 0.01) (P=0.15), WMD= -0.04, 95% CI (-0. 09, 0. 01) (P=0. 10), WMD= -0. 01, 95%CI (-0. 04, 0-02) (P=0. 55) and WMD= 0. 06, 95% CI (-0. 06, 0. 17) (P=0. 32).
CONCLUSION: Patients implanted with ReZOOM MIOL can provide better BDCIVA; patients implanted with ReSTOR MIOL show better UCNVA, are less likely to appear light halo, glare and other visual adverse reactions; correction in spectacles cases, patients implanted with ReZOOM or ReSTOR MIOL have considerable performances in the far and near visual acuity.

This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics of BZLF1 gene and its promoter Zp of the epidemic strains in children with primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated diseases. Total DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 134 children with EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis (EBV-IM) and 32 children with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The EBNA3C, BZLF1, and Zp genes were amplified by PCR assay. Typing of EBV was performed according to the size of the amplification product of EBNA3C gene; the amplification products of BZLF1 and Zp genes were subjected to direct sequencing, and sequence analysis was performed using BioEdit 7. 0. 9. The results were as follows: (1) EBV-1 was present in 140 samples (97.2%, 140/144) and EBV-II in 4 samples (2.8%, 4/144). (2) Three BZLF1 genotypes and their 12 subtypes (including 6 newly found subtypes) were detected in this study; there were no significant differences in the frequencies of BZLF1-A and BZLF1-B between the children with EBV-IM and EBV-HLH (P = 0.083); BZLF1-A1 was the dominant genotype in children with EBV-associated diseases; t BZLF1-A mostly had three 29-bp repeats in the first intron of BZLF1 gene, and BZLF1-B mostly had 30-bp repeats (P = 0.000), with the number of repeats varying from 1 to 13. (3) Four Zp genotypes were detected in this study, including Zp-P, Zp-V3, Zp-V4, and Zp-V1; there were no significant differences in the frequencies of these Zp genotypes between children with EBV-IM and EBV-HLH (P = 0.272, 0.252, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively). (4) The linkage analysis of BZLF1 gene and its promoter Zp showed that BZLF1-A1 was highly associated with Zp-V3 (P = 0.000), while BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P (P = 0.000); EBV-I + BZLF1 A1 was highly associated with Zp-V3 (P = 0.000), while EBV-I+BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P (P = 0.000). The conclusions are as follows: (1) BZLF1-A1 is the dominant genotype in children with EBV-associated diseases; there are mostly 29-bp repeats in the first intron of BZLF1 gene for BZLF1-A genotype and 30-bp repeats for BZLF1-B genotype. (2) Zp-P and Zp-V3 are dominant Zp genotypes of EBV in children, which shared similar detection rates. (3) BZLF1-A1 is highly associated with Zp-V3, while BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P; EBV-I+BZLF1-A1 is highly associated with Zp-V3, while EBV-I+BZLF1-B4 with Zp-P.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Introns ; genetics ; Male ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; Diskectomy, Percutaneous ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

To compare the differences of the active ingredient contents and the sulfur dioxide residue in Astragali Radix before and after sulfur fumigation and provide a basis for establishing an alternative processing method. Astragali Radix, harvested at the same time in Longxi Gansu, were processed with different methods. high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the contents of the active ingredients in Astragali Radix and the revised method of the pharmacopoeia of China in 2011 was applied to determine the sulfur dioxide residue. The results show that the three-fold sulfur-fumigation group has the highest level of astragaloside IV and the dried sulfur-fumigation group with 10% water has the lowest level; the content of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is the highest in naturally dried group and the lowest in the group of sulfur fumigating for 3 times; the sulfur dioxide residue of all sulfur-fumigation groups exceeds certain limit significantly and the group of sulfur fumigating for 3 times reaches the highest level.
Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; adverse effects ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

The contents of adenosine, gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, parishin and sulfur dioxide residue were compared in differently-processed Gastrodiae Rhizoma to provide the basis for a reasonable processing method of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. The analysis was performed on a Merck Purospher STAR column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) under gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The eluates were detected at 270 nm, and the column temperature was 35°C. The content of adenosin, gastrodin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and parishin in processing of boiling or sulfur-fumigated were lower than that of in processing of steaming. Furthermore, the sulfur dioxide residue of sulphur-fumigated groups exceed 400 mg x kg(-1). This stable and reliable method will contribute to the quality control of different processed Gastrodiae Rhizoma.
Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence factors of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after instrumented lumbar fusion.

METHODSThirty-three patients who had undergone an instrumented lumbar fusion from March 1998 to May 2002 were reviewed. The incidence, age, position, radiographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of ASD were studied. Then the relations between "floating fusion" and ASD were compared, the range of fusion and ASD and investigated the incidences of different adjacent segments.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up period for the patients was 4 years and 7 months (24 - 82 months). Adjacent segment degeneration mainly occurred in patients older than 60. Ten patients (10%) were found to have radiographic characteristics of ASD. Nine of the ten patients had ASD at cranial segments. Using "floating fusion" or not did not show difference in the risk of ASD. There was a trend of more ASDs after long-segment fusion than short-segment fusion. As an adjacent segment, L(2)/L(3) had a high risk of ASD, while L(5)/S(1) had a much lower risk.

CONCLUSIONSThe cranial segment has a higher degeneration risk than the caudal segment. If L(2)/L(3) has degenerative appearance and has chance to be the adjacent segment, we'd better fuse it. If there is no evidence of obvious degeneration, L(5)/S(1) should not be fused. During instrumented lumbar fusion, long-segment fusion should be avoided if possible.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Diseases ; etiology ; Spinal Fusion ; adverse effects ; methods