To develop an analytic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamides A, B in 42 samples of two official species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma( ARR) (37 samples of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with different collection time and 5 samples of Asarum sieboldiivar. seoulense). The HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS methods for the qualitative and UPLC-PDA methods for the quantitative analysis were established. Dodecatetraenamides A, B were identified by comparing the retention time, UV absorption spectrum and quasi-molecular ion peak [ M + H]+ with the reference compound using HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS. The content of dodecatetraenamides A and B in ARR were determined by UPLC-PDA. The separation was successfully carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 µm) column eluted with mobile phases of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient program (0-3 min, 35% B; 3-5 min, 35%-36% B; 5-6 min, 36%-43% B; 6 min-11 min 43% B; 11-12 min, 43%-100% B). The column temperature was 45 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The flow rate was 0.6 mL · min(-1). On one level mass spectrometry scanning, the results showed that the quasi-molecular ion [M + H] + of both dodecatetraenamides A and B were m/z 248.20. The quantitative method with UPLC-PDA has made the baseline separation of the constituents, which were reported as mixtures in the most literatures. The average recovery of dodecatetraenamides A and B were 97.90% and 99.86%, the relative standard deviation were 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The contents of dodecatetraenamides A, B in all ARR samples was in the range of 0.11-3.89 and 0.24-6.65 mg · g(-1). Their contents reduced with the extension of storage time. Compared with the samples of 2013, the average content of the two constituents in the samples collected in year 2002-2003 reduced 34% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared the A. sieboldii var. seoulense and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum with the same collective time and production area, the average contents of the two constituents in latter were up to (1.59 ± 0.75) mg · g(-1) and (2.90 ± 1.17) mg · g(-1), respectively, significantly higher than that in A. sieboldii var. seoulense (dodecatetraenamide A were (0.78 ± 0.52) mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B were (1.69 ± 0.83) mg · g(-1)) (P < 0.05). The content of the dodecatetraenamide A in overground part was in the range of 0.11-0.33 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 0. 24-0.60 mg · g(-1), which were much lower than that of the underground part of ARR (dodecatetraenamide A was in the range of 0.73-3.89 mg · g(-1), dodecatetraenamide B was 2.11-6.24 mg · g(-1)). The method was certified to be simple, accurate and reliable and could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of dodecatetraenamide A and B in different species of ARR, also can be used for the comprehensive quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, Asari Radix et Rhizoma.
Amides ; chemistry ; Asarum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effects of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating chronic urticaria and its impact on peripheral blood content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-8.

METHODSPatients were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to their sequence of visiting. They were treated orally with levocetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg once a day, but additional Kangqian Decoction (a self-formulated Chinese herbal preparation consisted of thorowax root 15 g, divaricate saposhnikovia root 9 g, licorice root 15 g, moutan bark 15 g, red sage root 15 g, milkvetch root 30 g, and schisandra fruit 12 g, etc. ) was given to the treatment group one dose per day, for 2 weeks as one therapeutic course. The efficacy was evaluated after two courses of medication, and patients' IL-10 and IL-8 levels in the peripheral blood were determined before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treatment group and control group was 93.75% and 56.66% respectively with significance difference between them (P <0.01). After treatment, the level of serum IL-10 was significantly lower while that of IL-8 was significantly higher in the treatment group (2.96 +/- 1.66, 50.17 +/- 32.35) than that in the control group (4.77 +/- 2.99, 29.44 +/- 17.62) respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChronic urticaria was related to the immune unbalance of body. Integrative medicine could adjust immune function to display a quick, potent anti-inflammatory and anti-anaphylactic actions in treating chronic urticaria with less adverse reaction and low recurrent rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cetirizine ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Urticaria ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the modulatory effect of subthalamic nucleus (STN) on activity of motor cortex during exhausting exercise.

METHODSElectrocorticogram (ECoG) and local field potentials (LFPs) recording techniques were applied simultaneously to observe the dynamic changes of oscillations in sensorimotor area and STN of rat during exhausting exercise.

RESULTSRats ran well initiatively with treadmill at the beginning of the exercise, about 45 min (45 +/- 11.5) later, movement capacity reduced. Corresponding electrical property showed that STN activity increased significantly while activity of cortex decreased significantly. Subsequently rats continued exercise with minor external stimulation utill exhaustion. Activity of ECoG reached the minimum under exhausting stations (P < 0.01), while the activity of LFPs changed insignificantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring the exhausting exercise, the cortex activity was extensively depressed with the development of fatigue, while the activity of STN increased significantly at the early stage of fatigue, STN took part in the modulation of central fatigue through negative induction. And the increase of STN activity may be one of the key measures accounting for protective inhibition.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; physiology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Subthalamic Nucleus ; physiology

A bacterial strain which could grow well on the substrate of PAEs as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from contaminated sludge in the river of WeiFang in ShangDong province and it was designated as JDC-3. Based on the morphology,biophysical and biochemical properties as well as molecular characteristics,this isolate was preliminarily identified as Delftia sp.. A fragment of phthalate dioxygenase gene was successfully amplified from the genus of Delftia for the first time using a set of degenerate primers. Meanwhile,the degradation capability of JDC-3 was determined by HPLC using DMP as test substrate. The results showed that the optimal pH and temperature were at 7.0～8.0 and 30?C～35?C respectively. The degradation kinetics of JDC-3 was studied in different initial DMP concentration under optimal conditions. The results indicated that the degradation dynamic equation was ln C =-0.06837 t + A when DMP concentration was lower than 300 mg/L,with half life of 12.48 h. The degradation rate decreased and half life of JDC-3 prolonged as the initial concentration kept on increasing.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide on Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the hypothalamus neurons of newborn SD rats. Methods The data were recorded using inside-out or cell-attached configuration of patch-clamp technique and the kinetic changes of KCa channels are compared before and after 100 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was added into the bathing solution. Results When 100 μmol/L SNP was added to the bathing solution in cell-attached configuration, the open probability of the KCa channels increased from (7.3±1.5)% to (40.2±6.5)%, open time from (7.12±1.41) ms to (15.34±3.45) ms, frequency from (11.3±3.5) Hz to (26.6±4.2) Hz. Conclusion NO-cGMP signal pathway could greatly increase the open probability of the channels as a result of both the prolongation of open period and increase of open frequency, but the pathological or physiological roles it may play require further study.

OBJECTIVETo explore the optimal methods for the reconstruction and preservation of the glans after partial penis resection in the treatment of early-stage penile cancer.

METHODSBetween January 2012 and June 2015, we treated 6 cases of early- stage penile cancer by partial penis resection, inner thigh skin graft, and glans reconstruction and followed them up for 0.5-3 years.

RESULTSThe length of the penis before and after operation was ([6.5 ± 1.2] vs [4.5 ± 1.8] cm) in the flaccid state and ([12.8 ± 2.3] vs [9.1 ± 2.1] cm) in the erectile state. The sense of the reconstructed glans was completely recovered at 3 months after surgery. The glans skin was pale red and soft, nearly normal at 12 months, with no obvious graft contracture or scar formation. All the patients achieved normal erection and their partners were satisfied with their intercourse. No recurrence or metastasis was observed.

CONCLUSIONThe strategy of partial penis resection, inner thigh skin graft and glans reconstruction, simple, effective, and with few complications, is one of the best treatments of early-stage penile cancer, which not only ensures radical removal of the tumor but also maximally reserves the function of the organ.

Humans ; Male ; Penile Neoplasms ; surgery ; Penis ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Thigh

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the relationship between the operative methods and the therapeutic results of the patients with hypospadias.

METHODSNine operative types and different tissue materials taken in hypospadias operations in the past 12 years were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe operative types and tissue materials had significantly effects on the therapeutic results besides the clinical experience of the operators. The cure rates of Tunneltron Urethroplasty, Preputial island flap urethroplasty and Bladder mucosa graft urethroplasty were 86.4%, 83.3% and 83.0% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSAll the nine types and different tissue materials of Hypospadias operations have its own advantages and disadvantages. They are worth further study and improvement.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; transplantation ; Penis ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Stricture ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder ; transplantation ; Urinary Fistula ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of microelement including Cu and Zn on the accumulation of three danshinones in Salviae miltiorrhizae root and build a theory basis for its good quality and high yield.

METHODSand culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of Cu and Zn on the accumulation of three danshinones and oxidase including peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in the plant root. The correlation between available Cu and Zn contents in matrix and oxidase activity in the plant root and, the correlation between available Cu and Zn contents in matrix and contents of tanshinones in the root were discussed.

RESULTContents of danshinones in the root increased with the increasing of Cu and Zn concentration. Dynamic monitoring on contents of dan-shinones of the plant roots growing in the pots with different Cu and Zn concentration in the whole growing season showed that the contents of danshinones for 60 days were the lowest, for 120 days the highest and then dropped for 150 days. In addition, among available Cu and Zn contents of matrix, oxidase including peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity and contents of tanshinones in the root,the correlation between two factors were significant difference (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of Cu and Zn on the accumulation of danshinones may be that Cu and Zn improve the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, which promote transformation of phenolic compounds to terpenes and therefore to increase contents of danshinones.

Catechol Oxidase ; metabolism ; Copper ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; metabolism ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Phenanthrenes ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Zinc ; metabolism

Ibuprofen/ethyl-cellulose (EC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading as the main evaluation index, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of EC-PVP/ibuprofen composite particles. The experiments such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis, infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 40 degrees C, crystallization pressure 12 MPa, PVP concentration 4 mgmL(-1), and CO2 velocity 3.5 Lmin(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles were 12.14% and 52.21%, and the average particle size of the particles was 27.621 microm. IR and DSC analysis showed that PVP might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Experiment results showed that, ibuprofen/EC-PVP sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Ibuprofen ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Particle Size ; Povidone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods