Poplar(Pupulus x Xiao zhannica, cv. "balizhuang-yang") transferred with mtl-D gene was used as an experimental material. Through tissue culture, aquaculture and pot culture transgenic poplars are tested with variant Nacl salt gradient. In it transgenic poplar raises its initial days for differentiation, differentiation rate, bud intensity, bud height and growth potential than control plant. At the same time, the transgenic poplar has higher rooting rate and more top roots, side roots and higher root length than control under the same salt stress. The result shows that the transgenic poplar has better tolerance ability than control plant in the salt 4@1000 contensity mediums.
Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Populus ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the autoimmune injuries of diabetic macrovascular disease (aorta) and the protective effects of immunosuppressive agent (cyclosporine A, CsA) on aortic injuries in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Methods STZ-induced diabetic rats were assigned randomly to 6 groups which received low (BML or AML, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1) , middle ( BMM or AMM, 4 mg · kg-1 ·d-1) or high (BMH or AMH, 8 mg ·kg-1 · d-1) dose of CsA from 1 week before or after STZ for 8 weeks.Diabetic rats without any treatment, insulin-treated diabetic rats and normal rats were also monitored simultaneously and served as control groups. The pathologic abnormalities of the aorta were verified by HE, Masson staining and electromicroscopy. The depositions of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. Results At the end of study, lymphocytes infiltration and collagen content (26 582 ±6901) were significantly higher in diabetic aorta than those in non-diabetic aorta ( Collagen: 7482 ± 3491, P < 0. 01). The deposited IgG and IgA were also significantly increased in diabetic aorta compared with non-diabetic aorta (IgG: H 789 ±2491 vs. 2S18 ± 1066, P<0. 01; IgA: 17 430 ±3159 vs. 1135 ±758, P<0.01). These changes were not affected by insulin while CsA intervention significantly reduced aortic collagen content (BMH: 13 518 ±5440, P <0. 01 vs. STZ) and immunoglobulin deposition (BMH: IgG:7584 ±4462; IgA: 6176 ±1900, all P<0.01 vs. STZ). These immunoglobulin deposition changes were confirmed by results of immunofluorescence. Aortic collagen accumulation was positively correlated to aortio immunoglobulin deposition (IgG, r = 0. 556, P < 0. 01; IgA, r =0. 661, P<0. 01). Conclusions Our data suggest that the autoimmune injuries might be a promoting factor in the pathogenesis of the diabetic macrovascular disease which could lead to the development of macrovascular disease. Immunosuppressive agent, such as CsA, could inhibit the abnormal deposition of immunoglobulins and therefore, delay the development of diabetic macrovascular disease in this model.

OBJECTIVEShen Yan Ling Tablet is an innovative compound of traditional Chinese medicine, scientifically prepared with Tripterygium wilfordii, Radix Astragali, and others, with precise efficacy on renal diseases and reduced adverse effects of Tripterygium wilfordii. Based on the Guiding Principles for New Drug Toxicity Research Before Clinical Application, we investigated the long-term toxicity of Shen Yan Ling Tablet and its effect on the reproductive function in rats.

METHODSAccording to the clinical therapeutic dose and the results of the acute toxicity test of Shen Yan Ling Tablet, we equally divided 80 rats (males and females half-and-half) into a low-dose (1.25 g/kg body wt), a medium-dose (2.50 g/kg body wt), a high-dose (5.00 g/kg body wt) and a control group. After a 3-month medication, we conducted standardized long-term toxicity tests and observed the effects of Shen Yan Ling on the serum sexual hormones and epididymal sperm count.

RESULTSAfter 3 months of treatment with Shen Yan Ling, no death occurred, the general status remained unchanged, and the parameters of blood cytology and biochemistry fluctuated within the normal range, without any significant changes (P > 0.05). Some blood parameters, RBC, WBC, HGB, AST and TBIL, showed statistic changes (P < 0.05), but with no clinical significance. There were no significant differences in the mass coefficients of the main organs between the medication and control groups. The high-dose group exhibited slight hepatic and pulmonary pathological changes and significantly reduced sperm counts in the epididymis, but no significant changes in serum sexual hormones (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThree-month medication of Shen Yan Ling at 1.25 - 5.00 g/kg produced no significant accumulated toxicity on rats, but it had a negative effect on their reproductive function at a higher dose of > or = 5.00 g/kg.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Nephritis ; drug therapy ; Organ Size ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Tablets ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Tripterygium

OBJECTIVETo estimate the effect of aluminum on hippocampal intracellular Ca²+ concentration and expression of phospholipase C (PLC) and NMDA receptor α (NMDARα) genes in hippocampus as well as the neural behaviors in weaning rats through subchronic exposure in order to explore the mechanism which aluminum impaired the ability of learning and memory of central nervous system development.

METHODSWeaning Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups based on their body weight. Aluminium chloride was administered by water at the doses of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (m/v) for 90 days. Platform experiment was used to detect the activity of learning and memory. Fura-2/AM calcium ions fluorescence indicator was used to measure Ca²+ concentration in hippocampal neurons. Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of PLC and NMDARα genes.

RESULTSThe incubation of rats in platform experiment [(232.20 ± 57.45), (35.00 ± 9.37), (16.10 ± 5.57) s] shortened while increase of mistake times (1.10 ± 0.74, 2.20 ± 0.92, 3.40 ± 1.51) was significantly associated with the dose of aluminum (P < 0.01). The Ca(2+) concentration decreased significantly in the rats of aluminum exposed groups (P < 0.01). The expression of PLC and NMDARα in aluminum exposed groups (0.30 ± 0.06, 0.18 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.03; 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.32 ± 0.02, 0.25 ± 0.02) decreased significantly compared with that in the control group (0.47 ± 0.07, 0.48 ± 0.04) (P < 0.01) and there was a dose-effect relationship in the NMDARα expression.

CONCLUSIONSubchronic exposure of aluminium could impair the ability of learning and memory in rats during development, inhibit the expression of NMDARα and PLC and reduce Ca²+ concentration, suggesting that the disorder of Ca²+ signaling system might be one of mechanisms of aluminium damaging the ability of learning and memory.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect the infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and explore the relationship between HPV infection and expressions of Ki-67 and P53 proteins in tumor tissue.

METHODThe level of HPV 16/18 DNA was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction, and Ki-67 and P53 proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in tissues from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

RESULTSHPV 16/18 DNA was detected in 62.8% of our patients. In each cancer tissue sample, Ki-67 protein was expressed between 2% to 70%. P53 protein was expressed in 46.15% of our patients. No significant relation was found between HPV 16/18 DNA level and sex, smoking, drinking, and tumor clinical stages. However, level of HPV 16/18 DNA was found to have positive relation with tumor pathological grades and negative relation with P53 protein expression. No relation with Ki-67 protein expression was found.

CONCLUSIONHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma may be initiated by HPV 16/18 infection and the mechanism in carcinogenesis involves abnormal expression in P53 protein.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; virology

Objective To study the effects of Yoga on constipation resulted from atypical antipsychotics.Methods Total of 63 patients took the atypical antipsychotics and had constipation for three days.They were randomly divided into treatment group( n =32) who received Yoga exercise and control group (n =31 ) who received stiparolytic drugs treatment.Then,the efficacy and adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared.Results Total of 30 cases in the treatment group had effective therapy and the effective rate was 93.75％,and that in the control group was 93.55％,and the difference was not statistically significant(x2 =0.0000,P =1.000). There were no cases with abdominal pain,diarrhoea and withdraw recurrence in the treatment group,and compared with those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (x2 =19.498,7.275,37.394,respectively;P ＜0.05 ).Conclusions Yoga exercise is an effective method for the constipation resulted from atypical antipsychotics with no adverse reaction.

BACKGROUNDRadiofrequency (RF) ablation has become a widely accepted treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vein (PV) ablation with ethanol and to explore an alternative energy source for catheter ablation of AF.

METHODSTwelve open-chest mongrel dogs were randomized into ethanol ablation group and control group. Both the injections and electrophysiological mapping procedures were performed epicardialy. In ethanol ablation group (n = 6), injections were performed to circumferentially ablate the root of each PV (0.2 ml each site, 3 mm apart) with 95% ethanol using an 1 ml injector. In control group (n = 6), saline was injected other than ethanol. PV isolation was confirmed with a circular catheter immediately after the procedure and at follow up of 30 days. PV isolation was defined as the absence of PV potentials at each electrode of the circular catheter positioned at the PV side of the lesions, as well as complete conduction block into left atrium (LA) during PV pacing.

RESULTSPV electrical isolation with complete bidirectional conduction block was achieved with ethanol immediately and at 30 days in 95% of PVs, while saline injection caused only transient conduction changes between LA and PVs. In ethanol group, histologic analysis showed transmural lesions at 30 days. And there was no evidence of PV stenosis or thrombus formation. Mean LA diameter was not significantly different between baseline and 30 days.

CONCLUSIONEthanol is a safe energy source to effectively isolate PV in canine model and may be promising in endocardial ablation procedure of AF patients in the future.

Animals ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Dogs ; Electrophysiology ; Ethanol ; Pulmonary Veins ; physiology ; surgery ; Random Allocation

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zhiwei pill for bile reflux gastritis （BRG） with symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach， evaluate the safety after treatment by three-arm study， and investigate the regulatory action to gastrointestinal hormones. Method:One hundred and eighty patients were randomly divided into placebo group （60 cases）， control group （60 cases） and observe group （60 cases） by random number table. Patients in three groups got lifestyle intervention of non-drug therapy. Patients in control group got hydrotalcite tablets 1-2 hours after meal or untimely bedtime or in case of stomach pain， 2 tablets/time， 3 times/day. Patients in placebo group got simulated medicine of Zhiwei pill 1 hour after meal， 6 g/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observe group got Zhiwei pill 1 hour after meal， 6 g/time， 3 times/day. The treatment continued for 4 weeks in all 3 groups. Before and after treatment， scores were graded for symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach and patient reported outcome （PRO） scale for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroscopy was taken to grade the scores of bile reflux and mucosa under gastroscope. Levels of gastrin （GAS）， motilin （MTL）， cholecystokinin （CCK）， substance P （SP） and gastrointestinal hormones were detected. Efficacy for traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome and efficacy under gastroscope were compared， and safety after treatment was evaluated. Result:After treatment， the total scores of the main symptoms and 7 secondary symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach in observe group were all lower than those in placebo group and control group （P<0.01）， and scores of symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach and PRO were all lower than those in control group and placebo group （P<0.01）. After treatment， scores of degree of bile reflux and mucosa under gastroscope in observe group were all lower than those in placebo group and control group （P<0.01）. Level of CCK was lower than that in placebo group and control group （P<0.01）， while levels of MTL， GAS and SP were higher than those in placebo group and control group （P<0.01）. Total effective rate of TCM syndrome was 91.38%（53/58）， higher than 71.93%（41/57） in control group and 34.62%（18/52） in placebo group. The total effective rate in gastroscopy was 93.10%（54/58）， higher than 78.95%（45/57） in control group and 28.85%（15/52） in placebo group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. No adverse reactions related to Zhiwei pill were found. Conclusion:Zhiwei pill can improve bile reflux， promote the healing of mucosa under gastroscope， regulate gastrointestinal hormones， improve gastrointestinal motor function， significantly alleviate clinical symptoms， and improve quality of life， with better efficacy for TCM syndrome and efficacy in gastroscopy， and it is safe for clinical use.

Objective To present the changes of surgical approaches for the resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas(JNA)and the follow-up results.Methods The clinical records of 59 patients with JNA treated under endoscope between 2002 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups:Group A(RadkowskiⅠa-Ⅱb)and Group B(Radkowsik Ⅱc-Ⅲb).The tumor stages,feeding vessels,operating time,complications and recurrence were observed and recorded.Results There were 7 patients with stageⅠa,3 patients with stageⅠb,5 patients with stage Ⅱ a,6 patients with stage Ⅱ b,4 patients with stage Ⅱc,23 patients with stage Ⅲa,11 patients with stage Ⅲb.The average age at diagnosis in Group A(21 cases)was 23.9 years old.The average operating time was(106.0±43.7)min.The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 74 months(median 36 months)except for 3 missing cases.The average age at diagnosis in Group B(38 cases)was 16.2 years old and the average operating time was(152.9±58.0)min.The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 87 months(median 25 months)except for 5 missing cases.During follow-up,6 patients in group B recurred.Infarction of thalamencephalon happened in 1 patient in group B who recovered totally afterwards.The difierence in operating time between two groups was statistically significant(t=-3.232,P=0.002).The life table was used to evaluate the survival curves and Log-rank test showed that the difference of recurrent time between two groups was statistically significant(P=0.03).Conclusions The key techniques to remove tumor are bleeding control,drilling-out the bone that tumor invaded.Transpterygoid or posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus approach are recommended for tumors that extend to infratemporal fossa.Small and intermediate-sized JNA which have no deep invasion of skull base(Radkowski Ⅰ a-Ⅱ b)have a low morbidity.JNA at Radkowski stage Ⅱ c and above have residual and recurrent risk.

Objective To investigate the Gram-positive coccus resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Methods All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 1 974 pathogenic Gram-positive coccus from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,the prevalence of methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin resistant Stapylococcus epidermidis(MRSE)were 36.4％and 79.9％respectively.No vancomycin insensitivity Staphylococcus was detected.Staphylococcus aureus were 100％susceptibility to linezolid and teicoplanin.Antibiotic resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin were 3.1％and 92.9％.The detectation rate of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus(VRE)was 1.6％.Nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 32.2％,two consecutive monitoring rises and nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecium(12.5％)was also significantly increased.The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae(PNSSP)was 0.8％based on non-meningitis and parenteral administration criterion,decrease of nearly 30 percentage points from the previous surveillance.While for cases of oral penicillin,the rate was 71.8％,showing similar to last time.The results indicated that the number of strains with higher MIC value of penicillin(MIC ≥4 mg·L-1)decreased significantly.There were no significant differences of resistance rates of Stapylococcus aureus,Stapylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae among various groups such as different department,age,or specimen source.Conclusion VRE detection ratio stablized at a relatively low level.The number of Streptococcus pneumoniae with higher MIC value of penicillin decreased significantly compared with the previous monitoring.The increase of linezolidin-insensitive Enterococcus was noteworthy.