Objective To analyze the situation of smoking control calls at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai and investigate the smoking control hotspots concerned by citizens, the handling efficiency and quality of the hotline management, especially after the tobacco control ordinance was amended. Methods Statistical analysis was made on 48 945 smoking control calls, and data model established by natural language processing. Results After amendment of the tobacco control ordinance, there was a great increase in the number of smoking control calls, which reached a peak in 2017, and became 6.7 times that of 2016.Complaint report was the most important part of tobacco control calls, accounting for 76.24% of the total.Work and dining places were the main venue for complaints, while restaurants and offices were with the largest number of calls.The proportion of health departments in all responsible departments was the largest, accounting for 29.71%.Criticism and education were still the main way to deal with the problem, which was far from meeting the demands of citizens in this regard. Conclusion Publicity can mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens to participate in tobacco control.The working efficiency and quality of responsible departments still needs to be improved.Citizen′s appeal can serve as a reference for future amendments to the law.

Dioscin has a wide range of biological effects and broad application prospects. However the studies concerning the toxicology and mechanism of dioscin is small. This article is to study the hepatotoxicity of dioscin and the effect of dioscin treatment on expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mRNA and CYP1A mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells in vitro. Dioscin 0.5-32 µmol · L(-1) exposed to HepG2 cells for 12 h, cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay and the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was to evaluate cell membrane damage. HepG2 cells morphologic changes were quantified by inverted Microscope, and the effect on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of CYP1A and AhR was evaluated by RT-RCR. The protein expression of CYP1A1 was detected by western blot. The cell viability was significantly inhibited after HepG2 cells were exposed to dioscin 0.5-32 µmol · L(-1). Compared with the control, the LDH release rate and ROS were significantly increased. The expression of CYPlA and AhR mRNA was increased. The expression of CYP1Al protein was increased after dioscin treatment, and resveratrol, an AhR antagonist, could downregulate the expression of CYP1A1. It follows that large doses dioscin has potential hepatotoxicity. The possible mechanism may be dioscin can active aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce the expression of CYP1A.
Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; secretion ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; genetics

To research the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata compatibility on cardiac toxicity in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and explore the endogenous markers and molecule mechanism. Different compatibility of Shenfu decoction were given to male Wistar rats at dosage of 20 g · kg(-1) for 7 days, collected the serum, and analyze the endogenous metabolites effected by Shenfu formulation by principal component analysis and partial least-squares analysis. Results showed that content of glutathione, phosphatidylcholine and citric acid decreased in mixed-decoction group, while ascorbic acid, uric acid, D-galactose, tryptophan, L-phenylalanine increased. The results showed cardiac toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in Shenfu mixed-decoction. Shenfu co-decoction group showed a similar or weaker trend compared with control group, but most of them do not have a statistically significant. The results indicated the scientific basis of Shenfu compatibility by comparison of co-decoction group with mixed-decoction group. Shenfu compatibility can reduce cardiac toxicity induced by Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, and citric acid, glutathione, phosphatidyl choline, uric acid might be regarded as potential markers of cardiotoxicity.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cardiotoxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Glutathione ; blood ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOFMS) based on chemical profiling approach to evaluate chemical constitution between mixed decoction and co-decoction of monkshood-pinellia combination of the eighteen incompatible medications (Shi Ba Fan) was proposed. Two different kinds of decoctions, namely monkshood-pinellia co-decoction: water extract of the two herbs together, and monkshood-pinellia mixed decoction: water extract of each individual herbs mixed together, were prepared. Batches of these two kinds of decoction samples were subjected to UPLC/Q-TOFMS analysis, the datasets were processed with MassLynx 4.1 to holistically compare the difference between these two kinds of decoction samples. The most changed components during decocting were analyzed. Using the proposed approach, global chemical difference was found between co-decoction and mixed decoction, mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitine were identified as the most changed components (changed most significantly) during decocting. Result shows significant difference between two kinds of decoction samples, and the significant differences are probably related to the incompatibility of monkshood and pinellia.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Incompatibility ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate mid-term clinical results of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of lumbar disc hermiation.

METHODSIn the study, 117 patients were reviewed,including 63 male and 54 female, ranging in age from 24 to 72 years,with an average of 50.6 years. Among the patients, 60 patients had simple lumbar disc herniation, 10 patients had simple lateral crypt stenosis, 32 patients had lumbar disc herniation combined with lateral crypt stenosis, and 15 patients were combined with calcified nucleus pulposus. Two patients had herniation in L3-L4, 56 patients in L4-L5, 48 patients in L5-S1, 11 patients in L4-L5 and L5-S1. The central type of lumbar disc herniation occurred in 22 patients and the lateral type of herniation occurred in other 95 patients. The Protrusion type of herniation occurred in 32 discs, ruptured type in 73 discs, and free type in 12 discs. Ninety-eight patients had lumbar and leg pain in one side, and 19 patients in double sides. MED was used to remove the nucleus and decompress the nerve root canal.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 48 to 84 months,with an average of 5.5 years. According to lumbar and leg pain evaluation criteria from spinal group of Chinese Orthopaedic Association, there were 93 patients got an excellent result, 16 good and 8 poor.

CONCLUSIONAppropriate control indications and skillful surgical techniques are the key points to decrease the complication and to improve the curative effect.

Adult ; Aged ; Diskectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between the extent of cutting of the root canal wall and the root fracture strength and the stress distribution.

METHODSFifteen pairs of root sections were into 3 groups with canal wall thickness of 1.00 mm, 0.75 mm and 0.50 mm respectively. The maximum load was tested required for fracture for each group through fracture test in a universal testing machine, and compared with that for the original canal. The stress and its distribution of the root with normal wall thickness (1.2 mm) and roots with 75%, 50% and 25% respectively of the normal wall thickness were examined by three-dimensional finite analysis. The maximum Von Mises stress of the root of each model was calculated.

RESULTSThe mean fracture strengths of the groups with canal wall thickness of 1.00 mm, 0.75 mm and 0.50 mm were (4 432.41 +/- 563.59) N, (4 137.43 +/- 680.29) N and (3 749.87 +/- 554.17) N respectively. The maximum load of fracture resistance is a linear function of the root canal wall thickness (r = 0.972, P < 0.001). The three-dimensional finite analysis revealed that the enlargement of root canal diameter brought on increase of stress of root canal wall, and the stress and its distribution altered with further decrease of the wall thickness. The stress of lateral loading was greater than that of vertical loading.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggests that clinical root canal treatment should be designated to remove just the infected tissue and avoid over-cutting of the hard tissue.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molar ; Root Canal Preparation ; methods ; Tooth Root ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Hong Kong ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

To study the effect of Siwu decoction on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells. The Real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression of MDR1 gene in Caco-2 cells. Flow cytometer was used to study the effect of Siwu decoction on the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells, in order to evaluate the efflux function of P-gp. Western blotting method was used to detect the effect of Siwu decoction on the P-gp protein expression of Caco-2 cells. Compared with the blank control group, after Caco-2 incubation with Siwu decoction at concentrations of 3.3, 5.0, 10.0 g x L(-1) for 24, 48, 72 h, the mRNA expression of MDR1 was up-regulated, suggesting the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the expression of MDR1. After the administration with Siwu decoction in Caco-2 cells for 48 h, the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells decreased by respectively 16.6%, 22.1% (P < 0.05) and 45.4% (P < 0.01), indicating that the long-term administration of Siwu decoction can enhance the P-gp efflux function of Caco-2 cells. After the incubation of Caco-2 cells with Siwu decoction for 48 h, the P-gp protein expression on Caco-2 cell emebranes, demonstrating the effect of Siwu decoction in inducing the protein expression of P-gp.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; genetics ; metabolism ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects

A phytochemical investigation on the stems of Garcinia bracteata collected from Xishuangbanna resulted in the isolation of a new flavone. By analysis of the HRESIMS, IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, the structure of the new compound was determined as 7-methoxy-4',6-dihydroxy-8-isobutyryl-flavone(1). Compound 1 was also tested for its anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) activity. Results suggested the 1 possessed remarkable anti-TMV activity, with an inhibition rate of 28.2%.
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Garcinia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Tobacco Mosaic Virus ; drug effects ; growth & development